DEPR: DatetimeIndex.intersection with mixed timezones cast to UTC, not object

doc/source/whatsnew/v1.5.0.rst

@@ -139,9 +139,11 @@ Slicing on a :class:`DataFrame` will not be affected.
 Other Deprecations
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 - Deprecated the keyword ``line_terminator`` in :meth:`DataFrame.to_csv` and :meth:`Series.to_csv`, use ``lineterminator`` instead; this is for consistency with :func:`read_csv` and the standard library 'csv' module (:issue:`9568`)
+- Deprecated behavior of :meth:`DatetimeIndex.intersection` and :meth:`DatetimeIndex.symmetric_difference` (``union`` behavior was already deprecated in version 1.3.0) with mixed timezones; in a future version both will be cast to UTC instead of object dtype (:issue:`39328`, :issue:`45357`)
 - Deprecated :meth:`DataFrame.iteritems`, :meth:`Series.iteritems`, :meth:`HDFStore.iteritems` in favor of :meth:`DataFrame.items`, :meth:`Series.items`, :meth:`HDFStore.items`  (:issue:`45321`)
 -
 
+
 .. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 .. _whatsnew_150.performance:
 

pandas/core/indexes/base.py

@@ -3040,6 +3040,30 @@ def _validate_sort_keyword(self, sort):
                 f"None or False; {sort} was passed."
             )
 
+    @final
+    def _deprecate_dti_setop(self, other: Index, setop: str_t):
+        """
+        Deprecate setop behavior between timezone-aware DatetimeIndexes with
+        mismatched timezones.
+        """
+        # Caller is responsibelf or checking
+        #  `not is_dtype_equal(self.dtype, other.dtype)`
+        if (
+            isinstance(self, ABCDatetimeIndex)
+            and isinstance(other, ABCDatetimeIndex)
+            and self.tz is not None
+            and other.tz is not None
+        ):
+            # GH#39328, GH#45357
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"In a future version, the {setop} of DatetimeIndex objects "
+                "with mismatched timezones will cast both to UTC instead of "
+                "object dtype. To retain the old behavior, "
+                f"use `index.astype(object).{setop}(other)`",
+                FutureWarning,
+                stacklevel=find_stack_level(),
+            )
+
     @final
     def union(self, other, sort=None):
         """
@@ -3138,21 +3162,7 @@ def union(self, other, sort=None):
                     "Can only union MultiIndex with MultiIndex or Index of tuples, "
                     "try mi.to_flat_index().union(other) instead."
                 )
-            if (
-                isinstance(self, ABCDatetimeIndex)
-                and isinstance(other, ABCDatetimeIndex)
-                and self.tz is not None
-                and other.tz is not None
-            ):
-                # GH#39328
-                warnings.warn(
-                    "In a future version, the union of DatetimeIndex objects "
-                    "with mismatched timezones will cast both to UTC instead of "
-                    "object dtype. To retain the old behavior, "
-                    "use `index.astype(object).union(other)`",
-                    FutureWarning,
-                    stacklevel=find_stack_level(),
-                )
+            self._deprecate_dti_setop(other, "union")
 
             dtype = self._find_common_type_compat(other)
             left = self.astype(dtype, copy=False)
@@ -3288,6 +3298,9 @@ def intersection(self, other, sort=False):
         self._assert_can_do_setop(other)
         other, result_name = self._convert_can_do_setop(other)
 
+        if not is_dtype_equal(self.dtype, other.dtype):
+            self._deprecate_dti_setop(other, "intersection")
+
         if self.equals(other):
             if self.has_duplicates:
                 return self.unique()._get_reconciled_name_object(other)
@@ -3418,6 +3431,10 @@ def difference(self, other, sort=None):
         self._assert_can_do_setop(other)
         other, result_name = self._convert_can_do_setop(other)
 
+        # Note: we do NOT call _deprecate_dti_setop here, as there
+        #  is no requirement that .difference be commutative, so it does
+        #  not cast to object.
+
         if self.equals(other):
             # Note: we do not (yet) sort even if sort=None GH#24959
             return self[:0].rename(result_name)
@@ -3492,6 +3509,9 @@ def symmetric_difference(self, other, result_name=None, sort=None):
         if result_name is None:
             result_name = result_name_update
 
+        if not is_dtype_equal(self.dtype, other.dtype):
+            self._deprecate_dti_setop(other, "symmetric_difference")
+
         if not self._should_compare(other):
             return self.union(other, sort=sort).rename(result_name)
 

pandas/tests/indexes/datetimes/test_timezones.py

@@ -1140,20 +1140,23 @@ def test_dti_convert_tz_aware_datetime_datetime(self, tz):
         tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(converted.asi8, ex_vals)
         assert converted.tz is pytz.utc
 
-    def test_dti_union_aware(self):
+    # Note: not difference, as there is no symmetry requirement there
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("setop", ["union", "intersection", "symmetric_difference"])
+    def test_dti_setop_aware(self, setop):
         # non-overlapping
         rng = date_range("2012-11-15 00:00:00", periods=6, freq="H", tz="US/Central")
 
         rng2 = date_range("2012-11-15 12:00:00", periods=6, freq="H", tz="US/Eastern")
 
         with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning):
             # # GH#39328 will cast both to UTC
-            result = rng.union(rng2)
+            result = getattr(rng, setop)(rng2)
 
-        expected = rng.astype("O").union(rng2.astype("O"))
+        expected = getattr(rng.astype("O"), setop)(rng2.astype("O"))
         tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)
-        assert result[0].tz.zone == "US/Central"
-        assert result[-1].tz.zone == "US/Eastern"
+        if len(result):
+            assert result[0].tz.zone == "US/Central"
+            assert result[-1].tz.zone == "US/Eastern"
 
     def test_dti_union_mixed(self):
         # GH 21671