Add support for math functions in eval()

doc/source/whatsnew/v0.17.0.txt

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ Highlights include:
 - Development installed versions of pandas will now have ``PEP440`` compliant version strings (:issue:`9518`)
 - Support for reading SAS xport files, see :ref:`here <whatsnew_0170.enhancements.sas_xport>`
 - Removal of the automatic TimeSeries broadcasting, deprecated since 0.8.0, see :ref:`here <whatsnew_0170.prior_deprecations>`
+- Support for math functions in .eval(), see :ref:`here <whatsnew_0170.matheval>`
 
 Check the :ref:`API Changes <whatsnew_0170.api>` and :ref:`deprecations <whatsnew_0170.deprecations>` before updating.
 
@@ -123,6 +124,25 @@ incrementally.
 
 See the :ref:`docs <io.sas>` for more details.
 
+.. _whatsnew_0170.matheval:
+
+Support for Math Functions in .eval()
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+:meth:`~pandas.eval` now supports calling math functions.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    df = pd.DataFrame({'a': np.random.randn(10)})
+    df.eval("b = sin(a)")
+
+The support math functions are `sin`, `cos`, `exp`, `log`, `expm1`, `log1p`,
+`sqrt`, `sinh`, `cosh`, `tanh`, `arcsin`, `arccos`, `arctan`, `arccosh`,
+`arcsinh`, `arctanh`, `abs` and `arctan2`.
+
+These functions map to the intrinsics for the NumExpr engine.  For Python
+engine, they are mapped to NumPy calls.
+
 .. _whatsnew_0170.enhancements.other:
 
 Other enhancements

pandas/computation/expr.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
                                     _arith_ops_syms, _unary_ops_syms, is_term)
 from pandas.computation.ops import _reductions, _mathops, _LOCAL_TAG
 from pandas.computation.ops import Op, BinOp, UnaryOp, Term, Constant, Div
-from pandas.computation.ops import UndefinedVariableError
+from pandas.computation.ops import UndefinedVariableError, FuncNode
 from pandas.computation.scope import Scope, _ensure_scope
 
 
@@ -524,27 +524,48 @@ def visit_Call(self, node, side=None, **kwargs):
         elif not isinstance(node.func, ast.Name):
             raise TypeError("Only named functions are supported")
         else:
-            res = self.visit(node.func)
+            try:
+                res = self.visit(node.func)
+            except UndefinedVariableError:
+                # Check if this is a supported function name
+                try:
+                    res = FuncNode(node.func.id)
+                except ValueError:
+                    # Raise original error
+                    raise
 
         if res is None:
             raise ValueError("Invalid function call {0}".format(node.func.id))
         if hasattr(res, 'value'):
             res = res.value
 
-        args = [self.visit(targ).value for targ in node.args]
-        if node.starargs is not None:
-            args += self.visit(node.starargs).value
+        if isinstance(res, FuncNode):
+            args = [self.visit(targ) for targ in node.args]
+
+            if node.starargs is not None:
+                args += self.visit(node.starargs)
+
+            if node.keywords or node.kwargs:
+                raise TypeError("Function \"{0}\" does not support keyword "
+                                "arguments".format(res.name))
+
+            return res(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        else:
+            args = [self.visit(targ).value for targ in node.args]
+            if node.starargs is not None:
+                args += self.visit(node.starargs).value
 
-        keywords = {}
-        for key in node.keywords:
-            if not isinstance(key, ast.keyword):
-                raise ValueError("keyword error in function call "
-                                 "'{0}'".format(node.func.id))
-            keywords[key.arg] = self.visit(key.value).value
-        if node.kwargs is not None:
-            keywords.update(self.visit(node.kwargs).value)
+            keywords = {}
+            for key in node.keywords:
+                if not isinstance(key, ast.keyword):
+                    raise ValueError("keyword error in function call "
+                                     "'{0}'".format(node.func.id))
+                keywords[key.arg] = self.visit(key.value).value
+            if node.kwargs is not None:
+                keywords.update(self.visit(node.kwargs).value)
 
-        return self.const_type(res(*args, **keywords), self.env)
+            return self.const_type(res(*args, **keywords), self.env)
 
     def translate_In(self, op):
         return op
@@ -587,7 +608,7 @@ def visitor(x, y):
         return reduce(visitor, operands)
 
 
-_python_not_supported = frozenset(['Dict', 'Call', 'BoolOp', 'In', 'NotIn'])
+_python_not_supported = frozenset(['Dict', 'BoolOp', 'In', 'NotIn'])
 _numexpr_supported_calls = frozenset(_reductions + _mathops)
 
 

pandas/computation/ops.py

@@ -16,9 +16,12 @@
 
 
 _reductions = 'sum', 'prod'
-_mathops = ('sin', 'cos', 'exp', 'log', 'expm1', 'log1p', 'pow', 'div', 'sqrt',
-            'inv', 'sinh', 'cosh', 'tanh', 'arcsin', 'arccos', 'arctan',
-            'arccosh', 'arcsinh', 'arctanh', 'arctan2', 'abs')
+
+_unary_math_ops = ('sin', 'cos', 'exp', 'log', 'expm1', 'log1p',
+                   'sqrt', 'sinh', 'cosh', 'tanh', 'arcsin', 'arccos',
+                   'arctan', 'arccosh', 'arcsinh', 'arctanh', 'abs')
+_binary_math_ops = ('arctan2',)
+_mathops = _unary_math_ops + _binary_math_ops
 
 
 _LOCAL_TAG = '__pd_eval_local_'
@@ -498,3 +501,28 @@ def return_type(self):
             (operand.op in _cmp_ops_dict or operand.op in _bool_ops_dict)):
             return np.dtype('bool')
         return np.dtype('int')
+
+
+class MathCall(Op):
+    def __init__(self, func, args):
+        super(MathCall, self).__init__(func.name, args)
+        self.func = func
+
+    def __call__(self, env):
+        operands = [op(env) for op in self.operands]
+        return self.func.func(*operands)
+
+    def __unicode__(self):
+        operands = map(str, self.operands)
+        return com.pprint_thing('{0}({1})'.format(self.op, ','.join(operands)))
+
+
+class FuncNode(object):
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        if name not in _mathops:
+            raise ValueError("\"{0}\" is not a supported function".format(name))
+        self.name = name
+        self.func = getattr(np, name)
+
+    def __call__(self, *args):
+        return MathCall(self, args)

pandas/computation/tests/test_eval.py

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@
 from pandas.computation.expr import PythonExprVisitor, PandasExprVisitor
 from pandas.computation.ops import (_binary_ops_dict,
                                     _special_case_arith_ops_syms,
-                                    _arith_ops_syms, _bool_ops_syms)
+                                    _arith_ops_syms, _bool_ops_syms,
+                                    _unary_math_ops, _binary_math_ops)
 
 import pandas.computation.expr as expr
 import pandas.util.testing as tm
@@ -1439,6 +1440,129 @@ def setUpClass(cls):
         cls.arith_ops = expr._arith_ops_syms + expr._cmp_ops_syms
 
 
+class TestMathPythonPython(tm.TestCase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        super(TestMathPythonPython, cls).setUpClass()
+        tm.skip_if_no_ne()
+        cls.engine = 'python'
+        cls.parser = 'pandas'
+        cls.unary_fns = _unary_math_ops
+        cls.binary_fns = _binary_math_ops
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls):
+        del cls.engine, cls.parser
+
+    def eval(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        kwargs['engine'] = self.engine
+        kwargs['parser'] = self.parser
+        kwargs['level'] = kwargs.pop('level', 0) + 1
+        return pd.eval(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def test_unary_functions(self):
+        df = DataFrame({'a': np.random.randn(10)})
+        a = df.a
+        for fn in self.unary_fns:
+            expr = "{0}(a)".format(fn)
+            got = self.eval(expr)
+            expect = getattr(np, fn)(a)
+            pd.util.testing.assert_almost_equal(got, expect)
+
+    def test_binary_functions(self):
+        df = DataFrame({'a': np.random.randn(10),
+                        'b': np.random.randn(10)})
+        a = df.a
+        b = df.b
+        for fn in self.binary_fns:
+            expr = "{0}(a, b)".format(fn)
+            got = self.eval(expr)
+            expect = getattr(np, fn)(a, b)
+            np.testing.assert_allclose(got, expect)
+
+    def test_df_use_case(self):
+        df = DataFrame({'a': np.random.randn(10),
+                        'b': np.random.randn(10)})
+        df.eval("e = arctan2(sin(a), b)",
+                engine=self.engine,
+                parser=self.parser)
+        got = df.e
+        expect = np.arctan2(np.sin(df.a), df.b)
+        pd.util.testing.assert_almost_equal(got, expect)
+
+    def test_df_arithmetic_subexpression(self):
+        df = DataFrame({'a': np.random.randn(10),
+                        'b': np.random.randn(10)})
+        df.eval("e = sin(a + b)",
+                engine=self.engine,
+                parser=self.parser)
+        got = df.e
+        expect = np.sin(df.a + df.b)
+        pd.util.testing.assert_almost_equal(got, expect)
+
+    def check_result_type(self, dtype, expect_dtype):
+        df = DataFrame({'a': np.random.randn(10).astype(dtype)})
+        self.assertEqual(df.a.dtype, dtype)
+        df.eval("b = sin(a)",
+                engine=self.engine,
+                parser=self.parser)
+        got = df.b
+        expect = np.sin(df.a)
+        self.assertEqual(expect.dtype, got.dtype)
+        self.assertEqual(expect_dtype, got.dtype)
+        pd.util.testing.assert_almost_equal(got, expect)
+
+    def test_result_types(self):
+        self.check_result_type(np.int32, np.float64)
+        self.check_result_type(np.int64, np.float64)
+        self.check_result_type(np.float32, np.float32)
+        self.check_result_type(np.float64, np.float64)
+        # Did not test complex64 because DataFrame is converting it to
+        # complex128. Due to https://github.com/pydata/pandas/issues/10952
+        self.check_result_type(np.complex128, np.complex128)
+
+    def test_undefined_func(self):
+        df = DataFrame({'a': np.random.randn(10)})
+        with tm.assertRaisesRegexp(ValueError,
+                                   "\"mysin\" is not a supported function"):
+            df.eval("mysin(a)",
+                    engine=self.engine,
+                    parser=self.parser)
+
+    def test_keyword_arg(self):
+        df = DataFrame({'a': np.random.randn(10)})
+        with tm.assertRaisesRegexp(TypeError,
+                                   "Function \"sin\" does not support "
+                                   "keyword arguments"):
+            df.eval("sin(x=a)",
+                    engine=self.engine,
+                    parser=self.parser)
+
+
+class TestMathPythonPandas(TestMathPythonPython):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        super(TestMathPythonPandas, cls).setUpClass()
+        cls.engine = 'python'
+        cls.parser = 'pandas'
+
+
+class TestMathNumExprPandas(TestMathPythonPython):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        super(TestMathNumExprPandas, cls).setUpClass()
+        cls.engine = 'numexpr'
+        cls.parser = 'pandas'
+
+
+class TestMathNumExprPython(TestMathPythonPython):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        super(TestMathNumExprPython, cls).setUpClass()
+        cls.engine = 'numexpr'
+        cls.parser = 'python'
+
+
 _var_s = randn(10)