BUG: Fix is_unique regression for slices of Indexes

doc/source/whatsnew/v2.2.2.rst

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ Fixed regressions
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 - :meth:`DataFrame.__dataframe__` was producing incorrect data buffers when the a column's type was a pandas nullable on with missing values (:issue:`56702`)
 - :meth:`DataFrame.__dataframe__` was producing incorrect data buffers when the a column's type was a pyarrow nullable on with missing values (:issue:`57664`)
+- :meth:`Index.is_monotonic_decreasing`, :meth:`Index.is_monotonic_increasing`, and :meth:`Index.is_unique` could incorrectly be ``False`` for an ``Index`` created from a slice of another ``Index``. (:issue:`57911`)
 - Avoid issuing a spurious ``DeprecationWarning`` when a custom :class:`DataFrame` or :class:`Series` subclass method is called (:issue:`57553`)
 - Fixed regression in precision of :func:`to_datetime` with string and ``unit`` input (:issue:`57051`)
 

pandas/_libs/index.pyx

@@ -253,14 +253,24 @@ cdef class IndexEngine:
         return self.sizeof()
 
     cpdef _update_from_sliced(self, IndexEngine other, reverse: bool):
-        self.unique = other.unique
-        self.need_unique_check = other.need_unique_check
+        if other.unique:
+            self.unique = 1
+            self.need_unique_check = 0
+
         if not other.need_monotonic_check and (
                 other.is_monotonic_increasing or other.is_monotonic_decreasing):
-            self.need_monotonic_check = other.need_monotonic_check
-            # reverse=True means the index has been reversed
-            self.monotonic_inc = other.monotonic_dec if reverse else other.monotonic_inc
-            self.monotonic_dec = other.monotonic_inc if reverse else other.monotonic_dec
+            self.need_monotonic_check = 0
+            if len(self.values) > 0 and self.values[0] != self.values[-1]:
+                # reverse=True means the index has been reversed
+                if reverse:
+                    self.monotonic_inc = other.monotonic_dec
+                    self.monotonic_dec = other.monotonic_inc
+                else:
+                    self.monotonic_inc = other.monotonic_inc
+                    self.monotonic_dec = other.monotonic_dec
+            else:
+                self.monotonic_inc = 1
+                self.monotonic_dec = 1
 
     @property
     def is_unique(self) -> bool:
@@ -854,14 +864,24 @@ cdef class SharedEngine:
         pass
 
     cpdef _update_from_sliced(self, ExtensionEngine other, reverse: bool):
-        self.unique = other.unique
-        self.need_unique_check = other.need_unique_check
+        if other.unique:
+            self.unique = 1
+            self.need_unique_check = 0
+
         if not other.need_monotonic_check and (
                 other.is_monotonic_increasing or other.is_monotonic_decreasing):
-            self.need_monotonic_check = other.need_monotonic_check
-            # reverse=True means the index has been reversed
-            self.monotonic_inc = other.monotonic_dec if reverse else other.monotonic_inc
-            self.monotonic_dec = other.monotonic_inc if reverse else other.monotonic_dec
+            self.need_monotonic_check = 0
+            if len(self.values) > 0 and self.values[0] != self.values[-1]:
+                # reverse=True means the index has been reversed
+                if reverse:
+                    self.monotonic_inc = other.monotonic_dec
+                    self.monotonic_dec = other.monotonic_inc
+                else:
+                    self.monotonic_inc = other.monotonic_inc
+                    self.monotonic_dec = other.monotonic_dec
+            else:
+                self.monotonic_inc = 1
+                self.monotonic_dec = 1
 
     @property
     def is_unique(self) -> bool:

pandas/tests/indexes/test_base.py

@@ -961,6 +961,26 @@ def test_slice_keep_name(self):
         index = Index(["a", "b"], name="asdf")
         assert index.name == index[1:].name
 
+    def test_slice_is_unique(self):
+        # GH 57911
+        index = Index([1, 1, 2, 3, 4])
+        assert not index.is_unique
+        filtered_index = index[2:].copy()
+        assert filtered_index.is_unique
+
+    def test_slice_is_montonic(self):
+        """Test that is_monotonic resets on slices."""
+        index = Index([1, 2, 3, 3])
+        assert not index.is_monotonic_decreasing
+
+        filtered_index = index[2:].copy()
+        assert filtered_index.is_monotonic_decreasing
+        assert filtered_index.is_monotonic_increasing
+
+        filtered_index = index[1:].copy()
+        assert not filtered_index.is_monotonic_decreasing
+        assert filtered_index.is_monotonic_increasing
+
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "index",
         [