Backport PR #54685 on branch 2.1.x (ENH: support integer bitwise ops in ArrowExtensionArray)

doc/source/whatsnew/v2.1.0.rst

@@ -268,6 +268,7 @@ Other enhancements
 - :meth:`Series.cummax`, :meth:`Series.cummin` and :meth:`Series.cumprod` are now supported for pyarrow dtypes with pyarrow version 13.0 and above (:issue:`52085`)
 - Added support for the DataFrame Consortium Standard (:issue:`54383`)
 - Performance improvement in :meth:`.DataFrameGroupBy.quantile` and :meth:`.SeriesGroupBy.quantile` (:issue:`51722`)
+- PyArrow-backed integer dtypes now support bitwise operations (:issue:`54495`)
 
 .. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 .. _whatsnew_210.api_breaking:

pandas/core/arrays/arrow/array.py

@@ -84,6 +84,15 @@
         "rxor": lambda x, y: pc.xor(y, x),
     }
 
+    ARROW_BIT_WISE_FUNCS = {
+        "and_": pc.bit_wise_and,
+        "rand_": lambda x, y: pc.bit_wise_and(y, x),
+        "or_": pc.bit_wise_or,
+        "ror_": lambda x, y: pc.bit_wise_or(y, x),
+        "xor": pc.bit_wise_xor,
+        "rxor": lambda x, y: pc.bit_wise_xor(y, x),
+    }
+
     def cast_for_truediv(
         arrow_array: pa.ChunkedArray, pa_object: pa.Array | pa.Scalar
     ) -> pa.ChunkedArray:
@@ -582,7 +591,11 @@ def __array__(self, dtype: NpDtype | None = None) -> np.ndarray:
         return self.to_numpy(dtype=dtype)
 
     def __invert__(self) -> Self:
-        return type(self)(pc.invert(self._pa_array))
+        # This is a bit wise op for integer types
+        if pa.types.is_integer(self._pa_array.type):
+            return type(self)(pc.bit_wise_not(self._pa_array))
+        else:
+            return type(self)(pc.invert(self._pa_array))
 
     def __neg__(self) -> Self:
         return type(self)(pc.negate_checked(self._pa_array))
@@ -657,7 +670,12 @@ def _evaluate_op_method(self, other, op, arrow_funcs):
         return type(self)(result)
 
     def _logical_method(self, other, op):
-        return self._evaluate_op_method(other, op, ARROW_LOGICAL_FUNCS)
+        # For integer types `^`, `|`, `&` are bitwise operators and return
+        # integer types. Otherwise these are boolean ops.
+        if pa.types.is_integer(self._pa_array.type):
+            return self._evaluate_op_method(other, op, ARROW_BIT_WISE_FUNCS)
+        else:
+            return self._evaluate_op_method(other, op, ARROW_LOGICAL_FUNCS)
 
     def _arith_method(self, other, op):
         return self._evaluate_op_method(other, op, ARROW_ARITHMETIC_FUNCS)

pandas/tests/extension/test_arrow.py

@@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ def test_EA_types(self, engine, data, dtype_backend, request):
 class TestBaseUnaryOps(base.BaseUnaryOpsTests):
     def test_invert(self, data, request):
         pa_dtype = data.dtype.pyarrow_dtype
-        if not pa.types.is_boolean(pa_dtype):
+        if not (pa.types.is_boolean(pa_dtype) or pa.types.is_integer(pa_dtype)):
             request.node.add_marker(
                 pytest.mark.xfail(
                     raises=pa.ArrowNotImplementedError,
@@ -1339,6 +1339,31 @@ def test_logical_masked_numpy(self, op, exp):
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("pa_type", tm.ALL_INT_PYARROW_DTYPES)
+def test_bitwise(pa_type):
+    # GH 54495
+    dtype = ArrowDtype(pa_type)
+    left = pd.Series([1, None, 3, 4], dtype=dtype)
+    right = pd.Series([None, 3, 5, 4], dtype=dtype)
+
+    result = left | right
+    expected = pd.Series([None, None, 3 | 5, 4 | 4], dtype=dtype)
+    tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
+
+    result = left & right
+    expected = pd.Series([None, None, 3 & 5, 4 & 4], dtype=dtype)
+    tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
+
+    result = left ^ right
+    expected = pd.Series([None, None, 3 ^ 5, 4 ^ 4], dtype=dtype)
+    tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
+
+    result = ~left
+    expected = ~(left.fillna(0).to_numpy())
+    expected = pd.Series(expected, dtype=dtype).mask(left.isnull())
+    tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
+
+
 def test_arrowdtype_construct_from_string_type_with_unsupported_parameters():
     with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match="Passing pyarrow type"):
         ArrowDtype.construct_from_string("not_a_real_dype[s, tz=UTC][pyarrow]")