BUG: HDFStore select for large integer

doc/source/whatsnew/v2.1.0.rst

@@ -478,10 +478,10 @@ Conversion
 - Bug in :func:`DataFrame.style.to_latex` and :func:`DataFrame.style.to_html` if the DataFrame contains integers with more digits than can be represented by floating point double precision (:issue:`52272`)
 - Bug in :func:`array`  when given a ``datetime64`` or ``timedelta64`` dtype with unit of "s", "us", or "ms" returning :class:`PandasArray` instead of :class:`DatetimeArray` or :class:`TimedeltaArray` (:issue:`52859`)
 - Bug in :meth:`ArrowDtype.numpy_dtype` returning nanosecond units for non-nanosecond ``pyarrow.timestamp`` and ``pyarrow.duration`` types (:issue:`51800`)
+- Bug in :meth:`BinOp.convert_value` loses precision when converting int to float if integer in DataFrame stored in HDFS file format is large (:issue:`54186`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.__repr__` incorrectly raising a ``TypeError`` when the dtype of a column is ``np.record`` (:issue:`48526`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.info` raising  ``ValueError`` when ``use_numba`` is set (:issue:`51922`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.insert` raising ``TypeError`` if ``loc`` is ``np.int64`` (:issue:`53193`)
--
 
 Strings
 ^^^^^^^

pandas/core/computation/pytables.py

@@ -233,7 +233,16 @@ def stringify(value):
                 result = metadata.searchsorted(v, side="left")
             return TermValue(result, result, "integer")
         elif kind == "integer":
-            v = int(float(v))
+            from decimal import (
+                Decimal,
+                InvalidOperation,
+            )
+
+            try:
+                v_dec = Decimal(v)
+                v = int(v_dec.to_integral_exact(rounding="ROUND_HALF_EVEN"))
+            except InvalidOperation:
+                raise ValueError("could not convert string to ")
             return TermValue(v, v, kind)
         elif kind == "float":
             v = float(v)

pandas/tests/io/pytables/test_select.py

@@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ def test_query_compare_column_type(setup_path):
                 if col == "real_date":
                     msg = 'Given date string "a" not likely a datetime'
                 else:
-                    msg = "could not convert string to "
+                    msg = "could not convert string to"
                 with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
                     store.select("test", where=query)
 
@@ -943,3 +943,20 @@ def test_select_empty_where(tmp_path, where):
         store.put("df", df, "t")
         result = read_hdf(store, "df", where=where)
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, df)
+
+
+def test_select_large_integer(tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "large_int.h5"
+    s = HDFStore(path)
+    df = DataFrame(
+        zip(
+            ["a", "b", "c", "d"],
+            [-9223372036854775801, -9223372036854775802, -9223372036854775803, 123],
+        ),
+        columns=["x", "y"],
+    )
+    s.append("data", df, data_columns=True, index=False)
+    assert (
+        s.select("data", where="y==-9223372036854775801").get("y").get(0)
+        == -9223372036854775801
+    )