BUG: Period.now not taking kwargs

[lithomas1]

• closes BUG: Period.now() does not accept kwarg "freq" but doc and typing say otherwise #53369 (Replace xxxx with the GitHub issue number)
• Tests added and passed if fixing a bug or adding a new feature
• All code checks passed.
• Added type annotations to new arguments/methods/functions.
• Added an entry in the latest doc/source/whatsnew/vX.X.X.rst file if fixing a bug or adding a new feature.

Confirmed working with both setuptools/meson.

[mroeschke]

Not sure if this build related error is due to this PR

   /home/runner/micromamba/envs/test/lib/python3.10/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/Main.py:370: FutureWarning: Cython directive 'language_level' not set, using '3str' for now (Py3). This has changed from earlier releases! File: /home/runner/work/pandas/pandas/pandas/_libs/tslibs/offsets.pxd
    tree = Parsing.p_module(s, pxd, full_module_name)

  Error compiling Cython file:
  ------------------------------------------------------------
  ...

      def get_rule_code_suffix(self) -> str:
          prefix = self._get_suffix_prefix()
          month = MONTH_ALIASES[self.startingMonth]
          weekday = int_to_weekday[self.weekday]
          return f"{prefix}-{month}-{weekday}"
                 ^
  ------------------------------------------------------------

  /home/runner/work/pandas/pandas/pandas/_libs/tslibs/offsets.pyx:3324:15: Cannot convert Unicode string to 'str' implicitly. This is not portable and requires explicit encoding.
  [35/164] Compiling C object pandas/_libs/tslibs/offsets.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so.p/src_datetime_np_datetime.c.o
  [36/164] Compiling C object pandas/_libs/tslibs/np_datetime.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so.p/meson-generated_pandas__libs_tslibs_np_datetime.pyx.c.o

[lithomas1]

Marking as draft pending resolution of a Cython bug I think.
cython/cython#5484

[WillAyd]

Does this change impact all of the Cython functions? From the docs makes it seems like it could be a performance hit for cdef functions we call in tight loops

[lithomas1]

Only affects single-arg functions.
(see cython/cython#3090).

The affected functions are def functions I think as well. I don't think we really do any loops in Python so perf impact shouldn't be too horrible (the Cython functions should use the cdef variants).

[lithomas1]

Cython cut 3.0rc1 a little while ago, so this should be ready in a couple of days once the Github cache catches up.

[mroeschke]

Thanks @lithomas1