PERF: Implement round on the block level

asv_bench/benchmarks/frame_methods.py

@@ -770,6 +770,24 @@ def time_memory_usage_object_dtype(self):
         self.df2.memory_usage(deep=True)
 
 
+class Round:
+    def setup(self):
+        self.df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(10000, 10))
+        self.df_t = self.df.transpose(copy=True)
+
+    def time_round(self):
+        self.df.round()
+
+    def time_round_transposed(self):
+        self.df_t.round()
+
+    def peakmem_round(self):
+        self.df.round()
+
+    def peakmem_round_transposed(self):
+        self.df_t.round()
+
+
 class Where:
     params = (
         [True, False],

doc/source/whatsnew/v2.0.0.rst

@@ -1169,9 +1169,9 @@ Performance improvements
 - Fixed a reference leak in :func:`read_hdf` (:issue:`37441`)
 - Fixed a memory leak in :meth:`DataFrame.to_json` and :meth:`Series.to_json` when serializing datetimes and timedeltas (:issue:`40443`)
 - Decreased memory usage in many :class:`DataFrameGroupBy` methods (:issue:`51090`)
+- Performance improvement in :meth:`DataFrame.round` for an integer ``decimal`` parameter (:issue:`17254`)
 - Memory improvement in :class:`StataReader` when reading seekable files (:issue:`48922`)
 
-
 .. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 .. _whatsnew_200.bug_fixes:
 

pandas/core/frame.py

@@ -9934,12 +9934,16 @@ def _series_round(ser: Series, decimals: int) -> Series:
                 raise TypeError("Values in decimals must be integers")
             new_cols = list(_dict_round(self, decimals))
         elif is_integer(decimals):
-            # Dispatch to Series.round
-            new_cols = [_series_round(v, decimals) for _, v in self.items()]
+            # Dispatch to Block.round
+            return self._constructor(
+                self._mgr.round(decimals=decimals, using_cow=using_copy_on_write()),
+                index=self.index,
+                columns=self.columns,
+            ).__finalize__(self, method="round")
         else:
             raise TypeError("decimals must be an integer, a dict-like or a Series")
 
-        if len(new_cols) > 0:
+        if new_cols is not None and len(new_cols) > 0:
             return self._constructor(
                 concat(new_cols, axis=1), index=self.index, columns=self.columns
             ).__finalize__(self, method="round")

pandas/core/internals/array_manager.py

@@ -323,6 +323,9 @@ def where(self: T, other, cond, align: bool) -> T:
             cond=cond,
         )
 
+    def round(self: T, decimals: int, using_cow: bool = False) -> T:
+        return self.apply_with_block("round", decimals=decimals, using_cow=using_cow)
+
     def setitem(self: T, indexer, value) -> T:
         return self.apply_with_block("setitem", indexer=indexer, value=value)
 

pandas/core/internals/blocks.py

@@ -1421,6 +1421,32 @@ def quantile(
         result = ensure_block_shape(result, ndim=2)
         return new_block_2d(result, placement=self._mgr_locs)
 
+    def round(self, decimals: int, using_cow: bool = False) -> Block:
+        """
+        Rounds the values.
+        If the block is not of an integer or float dtype, nothing happens.
+        This is consistent with DataFrame.round behavivor.
+        (Note: Series.round would raise)
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        decimals: int,
+            Number of decimal places to round to.
+            Caller is responsible for validating this
+        using_cow: bool,
+            Whether Copy on Write is enabled right now
+        """
+        if not self.is_numeric or self.is_bool:
+            return self.copy(deep=not using_cow)
+        # TODO: round only defined on BaseMaskedArray
+        # Series also does this, so would need to fix both places
+        # error: Item "ExtensionArray" of "Union[ndarray[Any, Any], ExtensionArray]"
+        # has no attribute "round"
+        return new_block_2d(
+            self.values.round(decimals),  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+            placement=self._mgr_locs,
+        )
+
     # ---------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Abstract Methods Overridden By EABackedBlock and NumpyBlock
 

pandas/core/internals/managers.py

@@ -367,6 +367,13 @@ def where(self: T, other, cond, align: bool) -> T:
             using_cow=using_copy_on_write(),
         )
 
+    def round(self: T, decimals: int, using_cow: bool = False) -> T:
+        return self.apply(
+            "round",
+            decimals=decimals,
+            using_cow=using_cow,
+        )
+
     def setitem(self: T, indexer, value) -> T:
         """
         Set values with indexer.