ENH: add math mode to formatter escape="latex-math"

doc/source/whatsnew/v2.0.0.rst

@@ -281,6 +281,7 @@ Other enhancements
 - Added new argument ``engine`` to :func:`read_json` to support parsing JSON with pyarrow by specifying ``engine="pyarrow"`` (:issue:`48893`)
 - Added support for SQLAlchemy 2.0 (:issue:`40686`)
 - :class:`Index` set operations :meth:`Index.union`, :meth:`Index.intersection`, :meth:`Index.difference`, and :meth:`Index.symmetric_difference` now support ``sort=True``, which will always return a sorted result, unlike the default ``sort=None`` which does not sort in some cases (:issue:`25151`)
+- Added new escape mode "latex-math" to avoid escaping "$" in formatter (:issue:`50040`)
 
 .. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 .. _whatsnew_200.notable_bug_fixes:

pandas/core/config_init.py

@@ -873,7 +873,7 @@ def register_converter_cb(key) -> None:
         "format.escape",
         None,
         styler_escape,
-        validator=is_one_of_factory([None, "html", "latex"]),
+        validator=is_one_of_factory([None, "html", "latex", "latex-math"]),
     )
 
     cf.register_option(

pandas/io/formats/style_render.py

@@ -985,6 +985,8 @@ def format(
             Use 'latex' to replace the characters ``&``, ``%``, ``$``, ``#``, ``_``,
             ``{``, ``}``, ``~``, ``^``, and ``\`` in the cell display string with
             LaTeX-safe sequences.
+            Use 'latex-math' to replace the characters the same way as in 'latex' mode,
+            except for math substrings, which start and end with ``$``.
             Escaping is done before ``formatter``.
 
             .. versionadded:: 1.3.0
@@ -1101,18 +1103,30 @@ def format(
         <td .. >NA</td>
         ...
 
-        Using a ``formatter`` with LaTeX ``escape``.
+        Using a ``formatter`` with ``escape`` in 'latex' mode.
 
         >>> df = pd.DataFrame([["123"], ["~ ^"], ["$%#"]])
         >>> df.style.format("\\textbf{{{}}}", escape="latex").to_latex()
         ...  # doctest: +SKIP
         \begin{tabular}{ll}
-        {} & {0} \\
+         & 0 \\
         0 & \textbf{123} \\
         1 & \textbf{\textasciitilde \space \textasciicircum } \\
         2 & \textbf{\$\%\#} \\
         \end{tabular}
 
+        Using ``escape`` in 'latex-math' mode.
+
+        >>> df = pd.DataFrame([[r"$\sum_{i=1}^{10} a_i$ a~b $\alpha \
+        ...     = \frac{\beta}{\zeta^2}$"], ["%#^ $ \$x^2 $"]])
+        >>> df.style.format(escape="latex-math").to_latex()
+        ...  # doctest: +SKIP
+        \begin{tabular}{ll}
+         & 0 \\
+        0 & $\sum_{i=1}^{10} a_i$ a\textasciitilde b $\alpha = \frac{\beta}{\zeta^2}$ \\
+        1 & \%\#\textasciicircum \space $ \$x^2 $ \\
+        \end{tabular}
+
         Pandas defines a `number-format` pseudo CSS attribute instead of the `.format`
         method to create `to_excel` permissible formatting. Note that semi-colons are
         CSS protected characters but used as separators in Excel's format string.
@@ -1739,9 +1753,12 @@ def _str_escape(x, escape):
             return escape_html(x)
         elif escape == "latex":
             return _escape_latex(x)
+        elif escape == "latex-math":
+            return _escape_latex_math(x)
         else:
             raise ValueError(
-                f"`escape` only permitted in {{'html', 'latex'}}, got {escape}"
+                f"`escape` only permitted in {{'html', 'latex', 'latex-math'}}, \
+got {escape}"
             )
     return x
 
@@ -2340,3 +2357,36 @@ def _escape_latex(s):
         .replace("^", "\\textasciicircum ")
         .replace("ab2§=§8yz", "\\textbackslash ")
     )
+
+
+def _escape_latex_math(s):
+    r"""
+    All characters between two characters ``$`` are preserved.
+
+    The substrings in LaTeX math mode, which start with the character ``$``
+    and end with ``$``, are preserved without escaping. Otherwise
+    regular LaTeX escaping applies. See ``_escape_latex()``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    s : str
+        Input to be escaped
+
+    Return
+    ------
+    str :
+        Escaped string
+    """
+    s = s.replace(r"\$", r"rt8§=§7wz")
+    pattern = re.compile(r"\$.*?\$")
+    pos = 0
+    ps = pattern.search(s, pos)
+    res = []
+    while ps:
+        res.append(_escape_latex(s[pos : ps.span()[0]]))
+        res.append(ps.group())
+        pos = ps.span()[1]
+        ps = pattern.search(s, pos)
+
+    res.append(_escape_latex(s[pos : len(s)]))
+    return "".join(res).replace(r"rt8§=§7wz", r"\$")

pandas/tests/io/formats/style/test_format.py

@@ -192,6 +192,15 @@ def test_format_escape_html(escape, exp):
     assert styler._translate(True, True)["head"][0][1]["display_value"] == f"&{exp}&"
 
 
+def test_format_escape_latex_math():
+    chars = r"$\frac{1}{2} \$ x^2$ ~%#^"
+    df = DataFrame([[chars]])
+
+    expected = r"$\frac{1}{2} \$ x^2$ \textasciitilde \%\#\textasciicircum "
+    s = df.style.format("{0}", escape="latex-math")
+    assert expected == s._translate(True, True)["body"][0][1]["display_value"]
+
+
 def test_format_escape_na_rep():
     # tests the na_rep is not escaped
     df = DataFrame([['<>&"', None]])
@@ -359,7 +368,7 @@ def test_format_decimal(formatter, thousands, precision, func, col):
 
 
 def test_str_escape_error():
-    msg = "`escape` only permitted in {'html', 'latex'}, got "
+    msg = "`escape` only permitted in {'html', 'latex', 'latex-math'}, got "
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
         _str_escape("text", "bad_escape")
 
@@ -403,6 +412,9 @@ def test_format_options():
     with option_context("styler.format.escape", "latex"):
         ctx_with_op = df.style._translate(True, True)
         assert ctx_with_op["body"][1][3]["display_value"] == "\\&\\textasciitilde "
+    with option_context("styler.format.escape", "latex-math"):
+        ctx_with_op = df.style._translate(True, True)
+        assert ctx_with_op["body"][1][3]["display_value"] == "\\&\\textasciitilde "
 
     # test option: formatter
     with option_context("styler.format.formatter", {"int": "{:,.2f}"}):