DEPR: enforce passing non boolean sort in concat

doc/source/whatsnew/v2.0.0.rst

@@ -191,6 +191,7 @@ Removal of prior version deprecations/changes
 - Enforced deprecation disallowing unit-less "datetime64" dtype in :meth:`Series.astype` and :meth:`DataFrame.astype` (:issue:`47844`)
 - Enforced deprecation disallowing using ``.astype`` to convert a ``datetime64[ns]`` :class:`Series`, :class:`DataFrame`, or :class:`DatetimeIndex` to timezone-aware dtype, use ``obj.tz_localize`` or ``ser.dt.tz_localize`` instead (:issue:`39258`)
 - Enforced deprecation disallowing using ``.astype`` to convert a timezone-aware :class:`Series`, :class:`DataFrame`, or :class:`DatetimeIndex` to timezone-naive ``datetime64[ns]`` dtype, use ``obj.tz_localize(None)`` or ``obj.tz_convert("UTC").tz_localize(None)`` instead (:issue:`39258`)
+- Enforced deprecation disallowing passing non boolean argument to sort in :func:`concat` (:issue:`44629`)
 - Removed Date parser functions :func:`~pandas.io.date_converters.parse_date_time`,
   :func:`~pandas.io.date_converters.parse_date_fields`, :func:`~pandas.io.date_converters.parse_all_fields`
   and :func:`~pandas.io.date_converters.generic_parser` (:issue:`24518`)

pandas/core/reshape/concat.py

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
     cast,
     overload,
 )
-import warnings
 
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -24,7 +23,6 @@
     HashableT,
 )
 from pandas.util._decorators import cache_readonly
-from pandas.util._exceptions import find_stack_level
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.concat import concat_compat
 from pandas.core.dtypes.generic import (
@@ -551,11 +549,8 @@ def __init__(
         self.levels = levels
 
         if not is_bool(sort):
-            warnings.warn(
-                "Passing non boolean values for sort is deprecated and "
-                "will error in a future version!",
-                FutureWarning,
-                stacklevel=find_stack_level(),
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"The 'sort' keyword only accepts boolean values; {sort} was passed."
             )
         self.sort = sort
 

pandas/tests/reshape/concat/test_sort.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import numpy as np
+import pytest
 
 import pandas as pd
 from pandas import DataFrame
@@ -109,8 +110,9 @@ def test_concat_frame_with_sort_false(self):
         )
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
-    def test_concat_sort_none_warning(self):
+    def test_concat_sort_none_raises(self):
         # GH#41518
         df = DataFrame({1: [1, 2], "a": [3, 4]})
-        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match="sort"):
+        msg = "The 'sort' keyword only accepts boolean values; None was passed."
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
             pd.concat([df, df], sort=None)