Inconsistent index between plain DataFrame and read_sql DataFrame

pandas/core/frame.py

@@ -2281,10 +2281,6 @@ def maybe_reorder(
                 length = 0
 
             result_index = None
-            if len(arrays) == 0 and index is None and length == 0:
-                # for backward compat use an object Index instead of RangeIndex
-                result_index = Index([])
-
             arrays, arr_columns = reorder_arrays(arrays, arr_columns, columns, length)
             return arrays, arr_columns, result_index
 

pandas/tests/frame/constructors/test_from_records.py

@@ -396,9 +396,10 @@ def test_from_records_misc_brokenness(self):
         # GH#2179
 
         data = {1: ["foo"], 2: ["bar"]}
+        index = RangeIndex(start=0, stop=0, step=1)
 
         result = DataFrame.from_records(data, columns=["a", "b"])
-        exp = DataFrame(data, columns=["a", "b"])
+        exp = DataFrame(data, columns=["a", "b"], index=index)
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, exp)
 
         # overlap in index/index_names
@@ -432,12 +433,14 @@ def test_from_records_misc_brokenness(self):
 
     def test_from_records_empty(self):
         # GH#3562
+        index = RangeIndex(start=0, stop=0, step=1)
+
         result = DataFrame.from_records([], columns=["a", "b", "c"])
-        expected = DataFrame(columns=["a", "b", "c"])
+        expected = DataFrame(columns=["a", "b", "c"], index=index)
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
         result = DataFrame.from_records([], columns=["a", "b", "b"])
-        expected = DataFrame(columns=["a", "b", "b"])
+        expected = DataFrame(columns=["a", "b", "b"], index=index)
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
     def test_from_records_empty_with_nonempty_fields_gh3682(self):

pandas/tests/io/test_sql.py

@@ -2972,3 +2972,21 @@ def test_if_exists(self):
             (5, "E"),
         ]
         self.drop_table(table_name)
+
+    def test_index_consistency_df_and_sql_df(self):
+        # GH47608
+        cur = self.conn.cursor()
+
+        cur.execute("CREATE TABLE data (id int, val real)")
+        cur.execute("INSERT INTO data VALUES (1, 150.0), (2, 160.0)")
+        self.conn.commit()
+
+        result = pd.read_sql("SELECT * FROM data", self.conn)
+        expected = DataFrame({"id": [1, 2], "val": [150.0, 160.0]})
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
+
+        result = pd.read_sql("SELECT * FROM data WHERE (1 = 0)", self.conn).astype(
+            float
+        )
+        expected = DataFrame({"id": [], "val": []})
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)