ENH: add if_sheet_exists='overlay' to ExcelWriter

doc/source/whatsnew/v1.4.0.rst

@@ -207,12 +207,14 @@ Other enhancements
 - Added :meth:`.ExponentialMovingWindow.sum` (:issue:`13297`)
 - :meth:`Series.str.split` now supports a ``regex`` argument that explicitly specifies whether the pattern is a regular expression. Default is ``None`` (:issue:`43563`, :issue:`32835`, :issue:`25549`)
 - :meth:`DataFrame.dropna` now accepts a single label as ``subset`` along with array-like (:issue:`41021`)
+- :class:`ExcelWriter` argument ``if_sheet_exists="overlay"`` option added (:issue:`40231`)
 - :meth:`read_excel` now accepts a ``decimal`` argument that allow the user to specify the decimal point when parsing string columns to numeric (:issue:`14403`)
 - :meth:`.GroupBy.mean` now supports `Numba <http://numba.pydata.org/>`_ execution with the ``engine`` keyword (:issue:`43731`)
 - :meth:`Timestamp.isoformat`, now handles the ``timespec`` argument from the base :class:``datetime`` class (:issue:`26131`)
 - :meth:`NaT.to_numpy` ``dtype`` argument is now respected, so ``np.timedelta64`` can be returned (:issue:`44460`)
 -
 
+
 .. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 .. _whatsnew_140.notable_bug_fixes:

pandas/io/excel/_base.py

@@ -701,15 +701,23 @@ class ExcelWriter(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         be parsed by ``fsspec``, e.g., starting "s3://", "gcs://".
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.2.0
-    if_sheet_exists : {'error', 'new', 'replace'}, default 'error'
+
+    if_sheet_exists : {'error', 'new', 'replace', 'overlay'}, default 'error'
         How to behave when trying to write to a sheet that already
         exists (append mode only).
 
         * error: raise a ValueError.
         * new: Create a new sheet, with a name determined by the engine.
         * replace: Delete the contents of the sheet before writing to it.
+        * overlay: Write contents to the existing sheet without removing the old
+          contents.
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.3.0
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.4.0
+
+           Added ``overlay`` option
+
     engine_kwargs : dict, optional
         Keyword arguments to be passed into the engine.
 
@@ -775,6 +783,28 @@ class ExcelWriter(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     >>> with pd.ExcelWriter("path_to_file.xlsx", mode="a", engine="openpyxl") as writer:
     ...     df.to_excel(writer, sheet_name="Sheet3")
 
+    Here, the `if_sheet_exists` parameter can be set to replace a sheet if it
+    already exists:
+
+    >>> with ExcelWriter(
+    ...     "path_to_file.xlsx",
+    ...     mode="a",
+    ...     engine="openpyxl",
+    ...     if_sheet_exists="replace",
+    ... ) as writer:
+    ...     df.to_excel(writer, sheet_name="Sheet1")
+
+    You can also write multiple DataFrames to a single sheet. Note that the
+    ``if_sheet_exists`` parameter needs to be set to ``overlay``:
+
+    >>> with ExcelWriter("path_to_file.xlsx",
+    ...     mode="a",
+    ...     engine="openpyxl",
+    ...     if_sheet_exists="overlay",
+    ... ) as writer:
+    ...     df1.to_excel(writer, sheet_name="Sheet1")
+    ...     df2.to_excel(writer, sheet_name="Sheet1", startcol=3)
+
     You can store Excel file in RAM:
 
     >>> import io
@@ -962,10 +992,10 @@ def __init__(
 
         self.mode = mode
 
-        if if_sheet_exists not in [None, "error", "new", "replace"]:
+        if if_sheet_exists not in (None, "error", "new", "replace", "overlay"):
             raise ValueError(
                 f"'{if_sheet_exists}' is not valid for if_sheet_exists. "
-                "Valid options are 'error', 'new' and 'replace'."
+                "Valid options are 'error', 'new', 'replace' and 'overlay'."
             )
         if if_sheet_exists and "r+" not in mode:
             raise ValueError("if_sheet_exists is only valid in append mode (mode='a')")

pandas/io/excel/_openpyxl.py

@@ -437,10 +437,12 @@ def write_cells(
                         f"Sheet '{sheet_name}' already exists and "
                         f"if_sheet_exists is set to 'error'."
                     )
+                elif self.if_sheet_exists == "overlay":
+                    wks = self.sheets[sheet_name]
                 else:
                     raise ValueError(
                         f"'{self.if_sheet_exists}' is not valid for if_sheet_exists. "
-                        "Valid options are 'error', 'new' and 'replace'."
+                        "Valid options are 'error', 'new', 'replace' and 'overlay'."
                     )
             else:
                 wks = self.sheets[sheet_name]

pandas/tests/io/excel/test_openpyxl.py

@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ def test_write_append_mode(ext, mode, expected):
     [
         ("new", 2, ["apple", "banana"]),
         ("replace", 1, ["pear"]),
+        ("overlay", 1, ["pear", "banana"]),
     ],
 )
 def test_if_sheet_exists_append_modes(ext, if_sheet_exists, num_sheets, expected):
@@ -164,13 +165,46 @@ def test_if_sheet_exists_append_modes(ext, if_sheet_exists, num_sheets, expected
         wb.close()
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "startrow, startcol, greeting, goodbye",
+    [
+        (0, 0, ["poop", "world"], ["goodbye", "people"]),
+        (0, 1, ["hello", "world"], ["poop", "people"]),
+        (1, 0, ["hello", "poop"], ["goodbye", "people"]),
+        (1, 1, ["hello", "world"], ["goodbye", "poop"]),
+    ],
+)
+def test_append_overlay_startrow_startcol(ext, startrow, startcol, greeting, goodbye):
+    df1 = DataFrame({"greeting": ["hello", "world"], "goodbye": ["goodbye", "people"]})
+    df2 = DataFrame(["poop"])
+
+    with tm.ensure_clean(ext) as f:
+        df1.to_excel(f, engine="openpyxl", sheet_name="poo", index=False)
+        with ExcelWriter(
+            f, engine="openpyxl", mode="a", if_sheet_exists="overlay"
+        ) as writer:
+            # use startrow+1 because we don't have a header
+            df2.to_excel(
+                writer,
+                index=False,
+                header=False,
+                startrow=startrow + 1,
+                startcol=startcol,
+                sheet_name="poo",
+            )
+
+        result = pd.read_excel(f, sheet_name="poo", engine="openpyxl")
+        expected = DataFrame({"greeting": greeting, "goodbye": goodbye})
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "if_sheet_exists,msg",
     [
         (
             "invalid",
             "'invalid' is not valid for if_sheet_exists. Valid options "
-            "are 'error', 'new' and 'replace'.",
+            "are 'error', 'new', 'replace' and 'overlay'.",
         ),
         (
             "error",