[BUG] Loosen random_state input restriction

doc/source/whatsnew/v1.1.0.rst

@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ Other enhancements
 - `OptionError` is now exposed in `pandas.errors` (:issue:`27553`)
 - :func:`timedelta_range` will now infer a frequency when passed ``start``, ``stop``, and ``periods`` (:issue:`32377`)
 - Positional slicing on a :class:`IntervalIndex` now supports slices with ``step > 1`` (:issue:`31658`)
+- :func:`core.common.random_state` will now pass array-like and BitGenerator objects through to `np.random.RandomState` as seeds (:issue:`32503`)
 -
 
 .. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

pandas/core/common.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 from pandas._libs import lib, tslibs
 from pandas._typing import T
+from pandas.compat.numpy import _np_version_under1p17
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.cast import construct_1d_object_array_from_listlike
 from pandas.core.dtypes.common import (
@@ -395,8 +396,9 @@ def random_state(state=None):
 
     Parameters
     ----------
-    state : int, np.random.RandomState, None.
-        If receives an int, passes to np.random.RandomState() as seed.
+    state : int, array-like, BitGenerator (NumPy>=1.17), np.random.RandomState, None.
+        If receives an int, array-like, or BitGenerator, passes to
+        np.random.RandomState() as seed.
         If receives an np.random.RandomState object, just returns object.
         If receives `None`, returns np.random.
         If receives anything else, raises an informative ValueError.
@@ -405,8 +407,16 @@ def random_state(state=None):
     Returns
     -------
     np.random.RandomState
+
+    ..versionchanged:: 1.1.0
+        array-like and BitGenerator (for NumPy>=1.17) object now passed to
+        np.random.RandomState() as seed
     """
-    if is_integer(state):
+    if (
+        is_integer(state)
+        or is_array_like(state)
+        or (not _np_version_under1p17 and isinstance(state, np.random.BitGenerator))
+    ):
         return np.random.RandomState(state)
     elif isinstance(state, np.random.RandomState):
         return state

pandas/tests/test_common.py

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
 
+from pandas.compat.numpy import _np_version_under1p17
+
 import pandas as pd
 from pandas import Series, Timestamp
 from pandas.core import ops
@@ -59,6 +61,24 @@ def test_random_state():
     # check with no arg random state
     assert com.random_state() is np.random
 
+    # check array-like
+    state_arr_like = npr.randint(0, 2 ** 31, size=624, dtype="uint32")
+    assert (
+        com.random_state(state_arr_like).uniform()
+        == npr.RandomState(state_arr_like).uniform()
+    )
+
+    # Check BitGenerators
+    if not _np_version_under1p17:
+        assert (
+            com.random_state(npr.MT19937(3)).uniform()
+            == npr.RandomState(npr.MT19937(3)).uniform()
+        )
+        assert (
+            com.random_state(npr.PCG64(11)).uniform()
+            == npr.RandomState(npr.PCG64(11)).uniform()
+        )
+
     # Error for floats or strings
     msg = "random_state must be an integer, a numpy RandomState, or None"
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):