BUG: DataFrame.sparse.from_spmatrix hard codes an invalid fill_value for certain subtypes

[christophertitchen]

Pandas version checks

• I have checked that this issue has not already been reported.

• I have confirmed this bug exists on the latest version of pandas.

• I have confirmed this bug exists on the main branch of pandas.

Reproducible Example

import pandas as pd
from scipy.sparse import eye

pd.DataFrame.sparse.from_spmatrix(eye(2, dtype=bool))

Issue Description

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/pandas/pandas/core/arrays/sparse/accessor.py", line 316, in from_spmatrix
    dtype = SparseDtype(array_data.dtype, 0)
  File "/pandas/pandas/core/dtypes/dtypes.py", line 1751, in __init__
    self._check_fill_value()
  File "/pandas/pandas/core/dtypes/dtypes.py", line 1835, in _check_fill_value
    raise ValueError(
ValueError: fill_value must be a valid value for the SparseDtype.subtype

Expected Behavior

The default argument for fill_value should be used instead of passing 0, which will fix the issue as the default missing value selected for bool is False. This bug also affects other dtypes like float and complex without raising a ValueError, as a fill_value of 0. or np.nan and 0. + 0.j, np.nan + 0.j, or np.nan respectively are more appropriate than 0.

We can also introduce a fill_value parameter to the DataFrame.sparse.from_spmatrix method, with a default argument of None, to fix the issue whilst giving the user flexibility to select a fill_value of choice.

pandas/pandas/core/arrays/sparse/accessor.py

Line 316 in c46fb76

dtype = SparseDtype(array_data.dtype, 0)

pandas/pandas/core/dtypes/missing.py

Lines 638 to 641 in c46fb76

	elif dtype.kind == "b":
	if compat:
	return False
	return np.nan

Installed Versions

INSTALLED VERSIONS

commit : c46fb76
python : 3.10.14.final.0
python-bits : 64
OS : Darwin
OS-release : 23.5.0
Version : Darwin Kernel Version 23.5.0: Wed May 1 20:09:52 PDT 2024; root:xnu-10063.121.3~5/RELEASE_X86_64
machine : x86_64
processor : i386
byteorder : little
LC_ALL : None
LANG : en_GB.UTF-8
LOCALE : en_GB.UTF-8

pandas : 3.0.0.dev0+1125.gc46fb76afa
numpy : 1.26.4
pytz : 2024.1
dateutil : 2.9.0
setuptools : 70.1.0
pip : 24.0
Cython : 3.0.10
pytest : 8.2.2
hypothesis : 6.103.2
sphinx : 7.3.7
blosc : None
feather : None
xlsxwriter : 3.1.9
lxml.etree : 5.2.2
html5lib : 1.1
pymysql : 1.4.6
psycopg2 : 2.9.9
jinja2 : 3.1.4
IPython : 8.25.0
pandas_datareader : None
adbc-driver-postgresql : None
adbc-driver-sqlite : None
bs4 : 4.12.3
bottleneck : 1.4.0
fastparquet : 2024.5.0
fsspec : 2024.6.0
gcsfs : 2024.6.0
matplotlib : 3.8.4
numba : 0.59.1
numexpr : 2.10.0
odfpy : None
openpyxl : 3.1.2
pyarrow : 16.1.0
pyreadstat : 1.2.7
python-calamine : None
pyxlsb : 1.0.10
s3fs : 2024.6.0
scipy : 1.13.1
sqlalchemy : 2.0.31
tables : 3.9.2
tabulate : 0.9.0
xarray : 2024.6.0
xlrd : 2.0.1
zstandard : 0.22.0
tzdata : 2024.1
qtpy : None
pyqt5 : None