BUG: can't resample if bin goes into negative numbers

[MarcoGorelli]

Pandas version checks

• I have checked that this issue has not already been reported.

• I have confirmed this bug exists on the latest version of pandas.

• I have confirmed this bug exists on the main branch of pandas.

Reproducible Example

idx = pd.date_range('0300-01-01', '2000-01-01', unit='s')
ser = Series(np.ones(len(idx)), index=idx)
ser.resample('299Y').mean()  # works
ser.resample('300Y').mean()  # fails

# NOTE: this requires https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/51274 to have gone in first, else they both fail

Issue Description

fails with:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "t.py", line 17, in <module>
    print(ser.resample('300Y').mean())
  File "/home/marcogorelli/pandas-dev/pandas/core/series.py", line 5671, in resample
    return super().resample(
  File "/home/marcogorelli/pandas-dev/pandas/core/generic.py", line 8872, in resample
    return get_resampler(
  File "/home/marcogorelli/pandas-dev/pandas/core/resample.py", line 1518, in get_resampler
    return tg._get_resampler(obj, kind=kind)
  File "/home/marcogorelli/pandas-dev/pandas/core/resample.py", line 1682, in _get_resampler
    return DatetimeIndexResampler(
  File "/home/marcogorelli/pandas-dev/pandas/core/resample.py", line 171, in __init__
    self.binner, self.grouper = self._get_binner()
  File "/home/marcogorelli/pandas-dev/pandas/core/resample.py", line 233, in _get_binner
    binner, bins, binlabels = self._get_binner_for_time()
  File "/home/marcogorelli/pandas-dev/pandas/core/resample.py", line 1252, in _get_binner_for_time
    return self._timegrouper._get_time_bins(self.ax)
  File "/home/marcogorelli/pandas-dev/pandas/core/resample.py", line 1732, in _get_time_bins
    first, last = _get_timestamp_range_edges(
  File "/home/marcogorelli/pandas-dev/pandas/core/resample.py", line 2035, in _get_timestamp_range_edges
    first = Timestamp(first - freq)
  File "pandas/_libs/tslibs/offsets.pyx", line 504, in pandas._libs.tslibs.offsets.BaseOffset.__sub__
    return (-other).__add__(self)
  File "pandas/_libs/tslibs/offsets.pyx", line 488, in pandas._libs.tslibs.offsets.BaseOffset.__add__
    return self._apply(other)
  File "pandas/_libs/tslibs/offsets.pyx", line 163, in pandas._libs.tslibs.offsets.apply_wraps.wrapper
    result = func(self, other)
  File "pandas/_libs/tslibs/offsets.pyx", line 2225, in pandas._libs.tslibs.offsets.YearOffset._apply
    return shift_month(other, months, self._day_opt)
  File "pandas/_libs/tslibs/offsets.pyx", line 4449, in pandas._libs.tslibs.offsets.shift_month
    return stamp.replace(year=year, month=month, day=day)
  File "pandas/_libs/tslibs/timestamps.pyx", line 2277, in pandas._libs.tslibs.timestamps.Timestamp.replace
    ts_input = datetime(**kwargs)
ValueError: year 0 is out of range

Expected Behavior

both should work

Installed Versions

INSTALLED VERSIONS

commit : 21899b6
python : 3.8.16.final.0
python-bits : 64
OS : Linux
OS-release : 5.10.102.1-microsoft-standard-WSL2
Version : #1 SMP Wed Mar 2 00:30:59 UTC 2022
machine : x86_64
processor : x86_64
byteorder : little
LC_ALL : None
LANG : en_GB.UTF-8
LOCALE : en_GB.UTF-8

pandas : 2.0.0.dev0+1498.g21899b63d5
numpy : 1.23.5
pytz : 2022.7.1
dateutil : 2.8.2
setuptools : 66.1.1
pip : 22.3.1
Cython : 0.29.32
pytest : 7.2.1
hypothesis : 6.64.0
sphinx : 5.3.0
blosc : 1.11.1
feather : None
xlsxwriter : 3.0.7
lxml.etree : 4.9.2
html5lib : 1.1
pymysql : 1.0.2
psycopg2 : 2.9.5
jinja2 : 3.1.2
IPython : 8.8.0
pandas_datareader: None
bs4 : 4.11.1
bottleneck : 1.3.6
brotli :
fastparquet : 2023.1.0
fsspec : 2022.11.0
gcsfs : 2022.11.0
matplotlib : 3.6.3
numba : 0.56.4
numexpr : 2.8.4
odfpy : None
openpyxl : 3.0.10
pandas_gbq : None
pyarrow : 10.0.1
pyreadstat : 1.2.0
pyxlsb : 1.0.10
s3fs : 2022.11.0
scipy : 1.10.0
snappy :
sqlalchemy : 1.4.45
tables : 3.8.0
tabulate : 0.9.0
xarray : 2023.1.0
xlrd : 2.0.1
zstandard : 0.19.0
tzdata : 2022.7
qtpy : None
pyqt5 : None
None

[MarcoGorelli]

It's because the Python standard library's datetime is limited to years between 1 and 9999, and that's what we go through here:

pandas/pandas/_libs/tslibs/timestamps.pyx

Lines 2263 to 2277 in b37321c

	# reconstruct & check bounds
	if tzobj is not None and treat_tz_as_pytz(tzobj):
	# replacing across a DST boundary may induce a new tzinfo object
	# see GH#18319
	ts_input = tzobj.localize(datetime(dts.year, dts.month, dts.day,
	dts.hour, dts.min, dts.sec,
	dts.us),
	is_dst=not bool(fold))
	tzobj = ts_input.tzinfo
	else:
	kwargs = {"year": dts.year, "month": dts.month, "day": dts.day,
	"hour": dts.hour, "minute": dts.min, "second": dts.sec,
	"microsecond": dts.us, "tzinfo": tzobj,
	"fold": fold}
	ts_input = datetime(**kwargs)

[MarcoGorelli]

simpler reproducer:

In [3]: Timestamp('0300-01-01').replace(year=0)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[3], line 1
----> 1 Timestamp('0300-01-01').replace(year=0)

File ~/pandas-dev/pandas/_libs/tslibs/timestamps.pyx:2277, in pandas._libs.tslibs.timestamps.Timestamp.replace()
   2275               "microsecond": dts.us, "tzinfo": tzobj,
   2276               "fold": fold}
-> 2277     ts_input = datetime(**kwargs)
   2278 
   2279 ts = convert_datetime_to_tsobject(

ValueError: year 0 is out of range

[MarcoGorelli]

this was fixed in #50348