```python In [1]: import pandas as pd In [2]: c = pd.Series(pd.Categorical(['a', 'a']), index=[0, 1, 2]) In [3]: c Out[3]: 0 a 1 a 2 dtype: category Categories (1, object): [a] In [4]: len(c) Out[4]: 3 In [5]: len(c.values) Out[5]: 2 ``` This should probably raise.