feat: exponential random retry

[rhajek]

Proposed Changes

Improves exponential random retry strategy in write api like in python client influxdata/influxdb-client-python#225

Delay is computed using random exponential backoff as a random value within the interval retryInterval * exponentialBase^(attempts-1) and retryInterval * exponentialBase^(attempts).

Example for retryInterval=5_000, exponentialBase=2, maxRetryDelay=125_000, total=5

Retry delays are random distributed values within the ranges of [5_000-10_000, 10_000-20_000, 20_000-40_000, 40_000-80_000, 80_000-125_000]

Checklist

• CHANGELOG.md updated
• Rebased/mergeable
• A test has been added if appropriate
• dotnet test completes successfully
• Commit messages are in semantic format
• Sign CLA (if not already signed)

[bednar]

Thanks for your PR 👍. There is only one requirement that should be satisfy before we accept the PR: