Encode the topic name when subscribing (#220)

This should address the issue filed at: firebase/quickstart-ios#242, where a topic name containing a `%` character was failing. It turns out that the topic name was never being url-encoded.

Author: rsattar

Firebase/Messaging/FIRMMessageCode.h

@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@ typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, FIRMessagingMessageCode) {
   kFIRMessagingMessageCodeTopicOption000 = 17000,  // I-FCM017000
   kFIRMessagingMessageCodeTopicOption001 = 17001,  // I-FCM017001
   kFIRMessagingMessageCodeTopicOption002 = 17002,  // I-FCM017002
+  kFIRMessagingMessageCodeTopicOptionTopicEncodingFailed = 17003,  // I-FCM017003
   // FIRMessagingUtilities.m
   kFIRMessagingMessageCodeUtilities000 = 18000,  // I-FCM018000
   kFIRMessagingMessageCodeUtilities001 = 18001,  // I-FCM018001

Firebase/Messaging/FIRMessagingTopicOperation.m

@@ -165,15 +165,28 @@ - (void)performSubscriptionChange {
   [request setValue:appIdentifier forHTTPHeaderField:@"app"];
   [request setValue:self.checkinService.versionInfo forHTTPHeaderField:@"info"];
 
+  // Topic can contain special characters (like `%`) so encode the value.
+  NSCharacterSet *characterSet = [NSCharacterSet URLQueryAllowedCharacterSet];
+  NSString *encodedTopic =
+      [self.topic stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters:characterSet];
+  if (encodedTopic == nil) {
+    // The transformation was somehow not possible, so use the original topic.
+    FIRMessagingLoggerWarn(kFIRMessagingMessageCodeTopicOptionTopicEncodingFailed,
+                           @"Unable to encode the topic '%@' during topic subscription change. "
+                           @"Please ensure that the topic name contains only valid characters.",
+                           self.topic);
+    encodedTopic = self.topic;
+  }
+
   NSMutableString *content = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:
                               @"sender=%@&app=%@&device=%@&"
                               @"app_ver=%@&X-gcm.topic=%@&X-scope=%@",
                               self.token,
                               appIdentifier,
                               deviceAuthID,
                               FIRMessagingCurrentAppVersion(),
-                              self.topic,
-                              self.topic];
+                              encodedTopic,
+                              encodedTopic];
 
   if (self.action == FIRMessagingTopicActionUnsubscribe) {
     [content appendString:@"&delete=true"];