Replace all uses of goto_programt::output_instruction

[tautschnig]

output_instruction is deprecated in favour of output, which requires
less contextual information. Replace all uses of output_instruction by
calls to output and do any cleanup that is now possible.

• Each commit message has a non-empty body, explaining why the change was made.
• n/a Methods or procedures I have added are documented, following the guidelines provided in CODING_STANDARD.md.
• n/a The feature or user visible behaviour I have added or modified has been documented in the User Guide in doc/cprover-manual/
• Regression or unit tests are included, or existing tests cover the modified code (in this case I have detailed which ones those are in the commit message).
• n/a My commit message includes data points confirming performance improvements (if claimed).
• My PR is restricted to a single feature or bugfix.
• n/a White-space or formatting changes outside the feature-related changed lines are in commits of their own.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #6896 (f7a33df) into develop (b4d69dd) will decrease coverage by 0.00%.
The diff coverage is 27.08%.

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           develop    #6896      +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage    77.81%   77.81%   -0.01%     
===========================================
  Files         1568     1568              
  Lines       179980   179985       +5     
===========================================
- Hits        140055   140054       -1     
- Misses       39925    39931       +6     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/analyses/flow_insensitive_analysis.cpp	74.64% <ø> (ø)
src/analyses/local_bitvector_analysis.cpp	73.98% <0.00%> (ø)
src/analyses/local_may_alias.cpp	63.80% <0.00%> (ø)
src/analyses/sese_regions.cpp	97.05% <ø> (ø)
src/analyses/static_analysis.cpp	46.69% <ø> (ø)
src/goto-analyzer/unreachable_instructions.cpp	89.01% <ø> (ø)
src/goto-diff/change_impact.cpp	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
src/goto-diff/unified_diff.cpp	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
...ument/accelerate/enumerating_loop_acceleration.cpp	62.50% <ø> (ø)
...o-instrument/accelerate/polynomial_accelerator.cpp	0.00% <ø> (ø)
... and 13 more

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