Add get value response validation for smt bv constant descriptors

[thomasspriggs]

This PR adds get value response validation for smt bv constant descriptors. These changes are split from #6866

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• Methods or procedures I have added are documented, following the guidelines provided in CODING_STANDARD.md.
• The feature or user visible behaviour I have added or modified has been documented in the User Guide in doc/cprover-manual/
• Regression or unit tests are included, or existing tests cover the modified code (in this case I have detailed which ones those are in the commit message).
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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #6879 (79169e0) into develop (f9456fe) will increase coverage by 0.00%.
The diff coverage is 88.82%.

@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##           develop    #6879   +/-   ##
========================================
  Coverage    77.79%   77.80%           
========================================
  Files         1567     1567           
  Lines       179818   179915   +97     
========================================
+ Hits        139895   139987   +92     
- Misses       39923    39928    +5     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...goto-harness/memory_snapshot_harness_generator.cpp	76.17% <0.00%> (ø)
src/goto-programs/string_instrumentation.cpp	25.11% <0.00%> (-0.06%)	⬇️
src/cpp/expr2cpp.cpp	42.97% <33.33%> (+0.28%)	⬆️
src/cpp/cpp_typecheck_conversions.cpp	84.97% <52.94%> (-0.18%)	⬇️
src/pointer-analysis/value_set_fi.cpp	69.82% <71.42%> (-0.02%)	⬇️
...lvers/smt2_incremental/smt_response_validation.cpp	97.87% <97.82%> (+0.53%)	⬆️
jbmc/src/java_bytecode/ci_lazy_methods_needed.cpp	98.41% <100.00%> (ø)
jbmc/src/java_bytecode/convert_java_nondet.cpp	79.72% <100.00%> (+0.27%)	⬆️
jbmc/src/java_bytecode/expr2java.cpp	86.25% <100.00%> (ø)
...bmc/src/java_bytecode/java_bytecode_parse_tree.cpp	9.90% <100.00%> (ø)
... and 9 more

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