Make CBMC and JBMC share solver-related command-line parsing

[tautschnig]

The actual options are evaluated by (shared) solver_factoryt. Hence,
both tools should permit the same set of command-line options.

• Each commit message has a non-empty body, explaining why the change was made.
• Methods or procedures I have added are documented, following the guidelines provided in CODING_STANDARD.md.
• n/a The feature or user visible behaviour I have added or modified has been documented in the User Guide in doc/cprover-manual/
• Regression or unit tests are included, or existing tests cover the modified code (in this case I have detailed which ones those are in the commit message).
• n/a My commit message includes data points confirming performance improvements (if claimed).
• My PR is restricted to a single feature or bugfix.
• n/a White-space or formatting changes outside the feature-related changed lines are in commits of their own.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #6680 (e9680db) into develop (222d266) will increase coverage by 0.01%.
The diff coverage is 93.80%.

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           develop    #6680      +/-   ##
===========================================
+ Coverage    76.82%   76.83%   +0.01%     
===========================================
  Files         1582     1582              
  Lines       182767   182728      -39     
===========================================
- Hits        140403   140396       -7     
+ Misses       42364    42332      -32     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/goto-checker/solver_factory.h	100.00% <ø> (ø)
src/goto-programs/string_abstraction.h	100.00% <ø> (ø)
unit/util/piped_process.cpp	31.29% <33.33%> (ø)
jbmc/src/jbmc/jbmc_parse_options.cpp	76.02% <50.00%> (+3.56%)	⬆️
src/ansi-c/c_typecheck_expr.cpp	76.45% <50.00%> (ø)
src/cbmc/cbmc_parse_options.cpp	78.72% <50.00%> (+1.16%)	⬆️
src/goto-checker/solver_factory.cpp	76.55% <75.38%> (+0.55%)	⬆️
src/goto-programs/string_abstraction.cpp	92.46% <90.90%> (ø)
...solvers/smt2_incremental/smt_bit_vector_theory.cpp	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...rc/solvers/smt2_incremental/smt_solver_process.cpp	68.57% <100.00%> (ø)
... and 10 more

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[TGWDB]

Nice cleanup