Initialise union of static lifetime with zeros

regression/cbmc/Union_Initialization5/main.c

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 #include <assert.h>
 
+union U_ok {
+  int x;
+  int y;
+} u_ok = {.x = 1, .y = 2};
+
 #ifndef _MSC_VER
 union U {
   int x;
@@ -8,11 +13,13 @@ union U {
 
 int main()
 {
+  assert(u_ok.y == 2);
   // the excess initializer (2) is ignored
   assert(u.x == 1);
 }
 #else
 int main()
 {
+  assert(u_ok.y == 2);
 }
 #endif

regression/cbmc/union1/test.desc

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-KNOWNBUG
+CORE
 main.c
 
 ^EXIT=0$

regression/goto-instrument/dump-union/main.c

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include <assert.h>
+
+union U {
+  int *p;
+  unsigned long long p_int;
+} u = {.p_int = 42};
+
+int main()
+{
+  assert(u.p_int == 42);
+}

regression/goto-instrument/dump-union/test.desc

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+CORE
+main.c
+--dump-c
+=(\(signed int \*\))?42
+VERIFICATION SUCCESSFUL
+^EXIT=0$
+^SIGNAL=0$
+--
+^warning: ignoring
+irep
+--
+This test must pass compiling the output generated using dump-c, which implies
+that no irep strings can occur.

src/ansi-c/c_typecheck_initializer.cpp

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ Author: Daniel Kroening, [email protected]
 #include "c_typecheck_base.h"
 
 #include <util/arith_tools.h>
+#include <util/byte_operators.h>
 #include <util/c_types.h>
 #include <util/config.h>
 #include <util/cprover_prefix.h>
@@ -71,7 +72,10 @@ exprt c_typecheck_baset::do_initializer_rec(
   }
 
   if(value.id()==ID_initializer_list)
-    return do_initializer_list(value, type, force_constant);
+  {
+    return simplify_expr(
+      do_initializer_list(value, type, force_constant), *this);
+  }
 
   if(
     value.id() == ID_array && value.get_bool(ID_C_string_constant) &&
@@ -520,13 +524,15 @@ exprt::operandst::const_iterator c_typecheck_baset::do_designated_initializer(
       {
         // Already right union component. We can initialize multiple submembers,
         // so do not overwrite this.
+        dest = &(to_union_expr(*dest).op());
       }
       else
       {
         // The first component is not the maximum member, which the (default)
         // zero initializer prepared. Replace this by a component-specific
         // initializer; other bytes have an unspecified value (C Standard
-        // 6.2.6.1(7)).
+        // 6.2.6.1(7)). In practice, objects of static lifetime are fully zero
+        // initialized.
         const auto zero =
           zero_initializer(component.type(), value.source_location(), *this);
         if(!zero.has_value())
@@ -536,12 +542,23 @@ exprt::operandst::const_iterator c_typecheck_baset::do_designated_initializer(
                   << to_string(component.type()) << "'" << eom;
           throw 0;
         }
-        union_exprt union_expr(component.get_name(), *zero, type);
-        union_expr.add_source_location()=value.source_location();
-        *dest=union_expr;
-      }
 
-      dest = &(to_union_expr(*dest).op());
+        if(current_symbol.is_static_lifetime)
+        {
+          byte_update_exprt byte_update{
+            byte_update_id(), *dest, from_integer(0, index_type()), *zero};
+          byte_update.add_source_location() = value.source_location();
+          *dest = std::move(byte_update);
+          dest = &(to_byte_update_expr(*dest).op2());
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          union_exprt union_expr(component.get_name(), *zero, type);
+          union_expr.add_source_location() = value.source_location();
+          *dest = std::move(union_expr);
+          dest = &(to_union_expr(*dest).op());
+        }
+      }
     }
     else
       UNREACHABLE;

src/ansi-c/expr2c.cpp

@@ -1911,12 +1911,8 @@ std::string expr2ct::convert_constant(
       if(type.subtype().id()!=ID_empty)
         dest="(("+convert(type)+")"+dest+")";
     }
-    else
+    else if(src.operands().size() == 1)
     {
-      // we prefer the annotation
-      if(src.operands().size()!=1)
-        return convert_norep(src, precedence);
-
       const auto &annotation = to_unary_expr(src).op();
 
       if(annotation.id() == ID_constant)
@@ -1933,6 +1929,12 @@ std::string expr2ct::convert_constant(
       else
         return convert_with_precedence(annotation, precedence);
     }
+    else
+    {
+      const auto width = to_pointer_type(type).get_width();
+      mp_integer int_value = bvrep2integer(value, width, false);
+      return "(" + convert(type) + ")" + integer2string(int_value);
+    }
   }
   else if(type.id()==ID_string)
   {
@@ -2280,10 +2282,36 @@ std::string expr2ct::convert_designated_initializer(const exprt &src)
     return convert_norep(src, precedence);
   }
 
-  std::string dest=".";
-  // TODO it->find(ID_member)
+  const exprt &value = to_unary_expr(src).op();
+
+  const exprt &designator = static_cast<const exprt &>(src.find(ID_designator));
+  if(designator.operands().size() != 1)
+  {
+    unsigned precedence;
+    return convert_norep(src, precedence);
+  }
+
+  const exprt &designator_id = to_unary_expr(designator).op();
+
+  std::string dest;
+
+  if(designator_id.id() == ID_member)
+  {
+    dest = "." + id2string(designator_id.get(ID_component_name));
+  }
+  else if(
+    designator_id.id() == ID_index && designator_id.operands().size() == 1)
+  {
+    dest = "[" + convert(to_unary_expr(designator_id).op()) + "]";
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    unsigned precedence;
+    return convert_norep(src, precedence);
+  }
+
   dest+='=';
-  dest += convert(to_unary_expr(src).op());
+  dest += convert(value);
 
   return dest;
 }

src/ansi-c/parser.y

@@ -439,12 +439,11 @@ offsetof:
 offsetof_member_designator:
           member_name
         {
-          init($$, ID_designated_initializer);
-          parser_stack($$).operands().resize(1);
-          auto &op = to_unary_expr(parser_stack($$)).op();
-          op.id(ID_member);
+          init($$);
+          exprt op{ID_member};
           op.add_source_location()=parser_stack($1).source_location();
           op.set(ID_component_name, parser_stack($1).get(ID_C_base_name));
+          parser_stack($$).add_to_operands(std::move(op));
         }
         | offsetof_member_designator '.' member_name
         {

src/goto-instrument/dump_c.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ Author: Daniel Kroening, [email protected]
 
 #include "dump_c.h"
 
+#include <util/byte_operators.h>
 #include <util/config.h>
 #include <util/find_symbols.h>
 #include <util/get_base_name.h>
@@ -1413,6 +1414,60 @@ void dump_ct::cleanup_expr(exprt &expr)
     }
     #endif
   }
+  else if(
+    expr.id() == ID_byte_update_little_endian ||
+    expr.id() == ID_byte_update_big_endian)
+  {
+    const byte_update_exprt &bu = to_byte_update_expr(expr);
+
+    if(bu.op().id() == ID_union && bu.offset().is_zero())
+    {
+      const union_exprt &union_expr = to_union_expr(bu.op());
+      const union_typet &union_type =
+        to_union_type(ns.follow(union_expr.type()));
+
+      for(const auto &comp : union_type.components())
+      {
+        if(bu.value().type() == comp.type())
+        {
+          exprt member1{ID_member};
+          member1.set(ID_component_name, union_expr.get_component_name());
+          exprt designated_initializer1{ID_designated_initializer};
+          designated_initializer1.add_to_operands(union_expr.op());
+          designated_initializer1.add(ID_designator).move_to_sub(member1);
+
+          exprt member2{ID_member};
+          member2.set(ID_component_name, comp.get_name());
+          exprt designated_initializer2{ID_designated_initializer};
+          designated_initializer2.add_to_operands(bu.value());
+          designated_initializer2.add(ID_designator).move_to_sub(member2);
+
+          binary_exprt initializer_list{std::move(designated_initializer1),
+                                        ID_initializer_list,
+                                        std::move(designated_initializer2)};
+          expr.swap(initializer_list);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    else if(
+      bu.op().id() == ID_side_effect &&
+      to_side_effect_expr(bu.op()).get_statement() == ID_nondet &&
+      ns.follow(bu.op().type()).id() == ID_union && bu.offset().is_zero())
+    {
+      const union_typet &union_type = to_union_type(ns.follow(bu.op().type()));
+
+      for(const auto &comp : union_type.components())
+      {
+        if(bu.value().type() == comp.type())
+        {
+          union_exprt union_expr{comp.get_name(), bu.value(), bu.op().type()};
+          expr.swap(union_expr);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 void dump_ct::cleanup_type(typet &type)

src/solvers/flattening/bv_pointers.cpp

@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ bvt bv_pointerst::convert_pointer_type(const exprt &expr)
       encode(pointer_logic.get_null_object(), bv);
     else
     {
-      mp_integer i=string2integer(id2string(value), 2);
+      mp_integer i = bvrep2integer(value, bits, false);
       bv=bv_utils.build_constant(i, bits);
     }
 

src/util/simplify_expr.cpp

@@ -1753,6 +1753,40 @@ simplify_exprt::simplify_byte_update(const byte_update_exprt &expr)
     return changed(simplify_byte_extract(be));
   }
 
+  // update bits in a constant
+  const auto offset_int = numeric_cast<mp_integer>(offset);
+  if(
+    root_size.has_value() && *root_size >= 0 && val_size.has_value() &&
+    *val_size >= 0 && offset_int.has_value() && *offset_int >= 0 &&
+    *offset_int + *val_size <= *root_size)
+  {
+    auto root_bits =
+      expr2bits(root, expr.id() == ID_byte_update_little_endian, ns);
+
+    if(root_bits.has_value())
+    {
+      const auto val_bits =
+        expr2bits(value, expr.id() == ID_byte_update_little_endian, ns);
+
+      if(val_bits.has_value())
+      {
+        root_bits->replace(
+          numeric_cast_v<std::size_t>(*offset_int * 8),
+          numeric_cast_v<std::size_t>(*val_size),
+          *val_bits);
+
+        auto tmp = bits2expr(
+          *root_bits,
+          expr.type(),
+          expr.id() == ID_byte_update_little_endian,
+          ns);
+
+        if(tmp.has_value())
+          return std::move(*tmp);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   /*
    * byte_update(root, offset,
    *             extract(root, offset) WITH component:=value)
@@ -1836,7 +1870,6 @@ simplify_exprt::simplify_byte_update(const byte_update_exprt &expr)
   }
 
   // the following require a constant offset
-  const auto offset_int = numeric_cast<mp_integer>(offset);
   if(!offset_int.has_value() || *offset_int < 0)
     return unchanged(expr);
 

src/util/simplify_utils.cpp

@@ -185,15 +185,29 @@ optionalt<exprt> bits2expr(
   // bits start at lowest memory address
   auto type_bits = pointer_offset_bits(type, ns);
 
-  if(!type_bits.has_value() || *type_bits != bits.size())
+  if(
+    !type_bits.has_value() ||
+    (type.id() != ID_union && type.id() != ID_union_tag &&
+     *type_bits != bits.size()) ||
+    ((type.id() == ID_union || type.id() == ID_union_tag) &&
+     *type_bits < bits.size()))
+  {
     return {};
+  }
 
   if(
     type.id() == ID_unsignedbv || type.id() == ID_signedbv ||
     type.id() == ID_floatbv || type.id() == ID_fixedbv ||
     type.id() == ID_c_bit_field || type.id() == ID_pointer ||
     type.id() == ID_bv || type.id() == ID_c_bool)
   {
+    if(
+      type.id() == ID_pointer && config.ansi_c.NULL_is_zero &&
+      bits.find('1') == std::string::npos)
+    {
+      return null_pointer_exprt(to_pointer_type(type));
+    }
+
     endianness_mapt map(type, little_endian, ns);
 
     std::string tmp = bits;
@@ -403,7 +417,7 @@ expr2bits(const exprt &expr, bool little_endian, const namespacet &ns)
     else if(type.id() == ID_pointer)
     {
       if(value == ID_NULL && config.ansi_c.NULL_is_zero)
-        return std::string('0', to_bitvector_type(type).get_width());
+        return std::string(to_bitvector_type(type).get_width(), '0');
       else
         return {};
     }