fix: Fix image_uris.retrieve() function to return ValueError when framework is not allowed for an instance_type

[knikure]

Issue #, if available:

Description of changes:

Testing done:

Merge Checklist

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• I certify that the changes I am introducing will be backward compatible, and I have discussed concerns about this, if any, with the Python SDK team
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Tests

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[sagemaker-bot]

AWS CodeBuild CI Report

• CodeBuild project: sagemaker-python-sdk-pr
• Commit ID: df165e7
• Result: SUCCEEDED
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[sagemaker-bot]

AWS CodeBuild CI Report

• CodeBuild project: sagemaker-python-sdk-unit-tests
• Commit ID: df165e7
• Result: SUCCEEDED
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[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #3716 (df165e7) into master (9f74fbc) will decrease coverage by 0.76%.
The diff coverage is 91.66%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #3716      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   89.82%   89.07%   -0.76%     
==========================================
  Files         980      231     -749     
  Lines       92212    22829   -69383     
==========================================
- Hits        82828    20334   -62494     
+ Misses       9384     2495    -6889     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/sagemaker/jumpstart/artifacts.py	92.30% <85.71%> (ø)
src/sagemaker/metric_definitions.py	90.90% <90.90%> (ø)
src/sagemaker/image_uris.py	98.41% <100.00%> (ø)
src/sagemaker/jumpstart/types.py	95.03% <100.00%> (ø)

... and 1207 files with indirect coverage changes

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[sagemaker-bot]

AWS CodeBuild CI Report

• CodeBuild project: sagemaker-python-sdk-local-mode-tests
• Commit ID: df165e7
• Result: SUCCEEDED
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[sagemaker-bot]

AWS CodeBuild CI Report

• CodeBuild project: sagemaker-python-sdk-notebook-tests
• Commit ID: df165e7
• Result: SUCCEEDED
• Build Logs (available for 30 days)

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[sagemaker-bot]

AWS CodeBuild CI Report

• CodeBuild project: sagemaker-python-sdk-slow-tests
• Commit ID: df165e7
• Result: FAILED
• Build Logs (available for 30 days)

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