Not receiving FCM messages

[BradyShober]

I have tried following the documentation in order to set up browser notifications for the application my team is currently developing. While I am able to obtain an FCM registration token, when I try to send a notification it does not appear to be received by the application. We are using the default firebase-messaging-sw.js

Version info

Ionic 3.9.2
Angular 5.2.10
Firebase ^5.5.1
AngularFire ^5.0.2

Browsers tested: Chrome 69.0.3497.100, Firefox 63.0b10

How to reproduce these conditions

Create a new Ionic project and install required packages.

app.module.ts

import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { ErrorHandler, NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { IonicApp, IonicErrorHandler, IonicModule } from 'ionic-angular';
import { SplashScreen } from '@ionic-native/splash-screen';
import { StatusBar } from '@ionic-native/status-bar';

import { MyApp } from './app.component';
import { HomePage } from '../pages/home/home';
import { FcmProvider } from '../providers/fcm/fcm';
import { NotificationProvider } from '../providers/fcm/notifications';

import * as firebase from 'firebase';

import { AngularFireModule } from '@angular/fire';

import { AngularFireMessagingModule } from '@angular/fire/messaging';


const config = {
  //Firebase configuration information
}; 

firebase.initializeApp(config);

@NgModule({
  declarations: [
    MyApp,
    HomePage
  ],
  imports: [
    BrowserModule,
    IonicModule.forRoot(MyApp),
    AngularFireModule.initializeApp(config),
    AngularFireMessagingModule
  ],
  bootstrap: [IonicApp],
  entryComponents: [
    MyApp,
    HomePage
  ],
  providers: [
    StatusBar,
    SplashScreen,
    {provide: ErrorHandler, useClass: IonicErrorHandler},
    FcmProvider,
    NotificationProvider
  ]
})
export class AppModule {}

fcm.ts provider

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { AngularFireMessaging } from '@angular/fire/messaging';
import { Platform } from 'ionic-angular';
import { mergeMapTo } from 'rxjs/operators';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs-compat';


@Injectable()
export class FcmProvider {


  constructor(private platform: Platform, private afMessaging: AngularFireMessaging) {

  }

  requestPermission(){
    return this.afMessaging.requestPermission.pipe(mergeMapTo(this.afMessaging.tokenChanges));
  }

  listen(){
    console.log("listening for messages");
    return this.afMessaging.messages;
  }

}

notification.ts provider

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { FcmProvider } from './fcm';
import { Platform } from 'ionic-angular';
import { AlertController } from 'ionic-angular';

@Injectable()
export class NotificationProvider {

    constructor(private platform: Platform, private fcm: FcmProvider, private alertCtrl: AlertController){}

    initializeNotifications(){

        this.fcm.requestPermission()
            .subscribe(token =>{
              console.log(token);
              this.fcm.listen()
                .subscribe(message => {
                console.log(message);
                this.notificationOpen(message);
                });
            });

    }

    notificationOpen(data){
        console.log(JSON.stringify(data));
        var alert;

        alert = this.alertCtrl.create({
            title: 'Request Received',
            message: 'A request has been received, would you like to accept it?',
            buttons: [
                {
                    text: 'Decline',
                    role: 'cancel'
                },
                {
                    text: 'Accept',
                    handler: () => {
                        this.acceptRequest(); 
                    }
                }
            ]
        });
        alert.present();
    }

    acceptRequest(){
        //call provider to accept request
        console.log("Request Accepted");
    }
}

home.ts

import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { NavController } from 'ionic-angular';
import { NotificationProvider } from '../../providers/fcm/notifications';

@Component({
  selector: 'page-home',
  templateUrl: 'home.html',
  providers: [
    NotificationProvider
  ]
})
export class HomePage {

  constructor(public navCtrl: NavController, private notifications: NotificationProvider) {
    notifications.initializeNotifications();

  }

}

Expected behavior

When a notification is sent we should be seeing a log entry in the console and the notification should open.

Actual behavior

There is no log message and no notification opens.

[kobvel]

@BradyShober any resolution here? I am facing the same issue

[thongnx6]

I have faced the same issue. After that, I tried this code, it works for me.

this.angularFireMessaging.messaging.subscribe((_messaging) => {
        _messaging.onMessage = _messaging.onMessage.bind(_messaging);
        _messaging.onTokenRefresh = _messaging.onTokenRefresh.bind(_messaging);
})

then

/**
 * hook method when new notification received in the foreground
 */
receiveMessage() {
    this.angularFireMessaging.messages.subscribe((payload) => {
        console.log("new message received. ", payload);
        this.currentMessage.next(payload);
    })
}

[fmandres92]

I have the same issue please. How can help me ??

[Shifs]

I am having the same issue . If I try CURL from Postman , it gives success response but does not store in firebase. If I directly create JSON in firebase database , then also I am not getting PUSH notification

[BradyShober]

We have since switched to react-native and are no longer using Angular, but shortly before we switched we realized that the issue we had been experiencing was due to using the firebase console to try to send notifications to web, which does not work, and found when we used the admin sdk we were able to get the notifications. Not sure if that is the same issue for others here having issues getting notifications.

[CodeByBryan]

I have only been using the web client, but have found that the only way that the client will receive messages is if it includes the Notification object. When sending a message with only the Data object it shows it was sent successfully and gives me an ID on return, but the client never receives it. I am hoping to find a solution since I really don't need the Notification functionality. If someone has figured this out, let me know!

[alihalabyah]

Any updates here? Is this project still maintained?

[Thomas0921]

I need help too, I can receive the notification in the background, but the onMessage or messages.subscribe (for foreground) is not triggering when receiving notifications.

[lancelynyrd]

Any solution on this one? i have the save issue, it was working on background but for the foreground it doesnt really being triggered.
no error, no response. but background is working.
this.afMessaging.messages.subscribe((res) => {
console.log(firebase listenMessage::, res);
}, e => console.log(error listenMessage::, e));

[sgallard]

Same for me here, working on background but for the foreground doesn't trigger

[azhararmar]

Same here, the background works and foreground doesn't.

[lancelynyrd]

@azhararmar @sgallard i have fixed my problem by matching the version of importScript inside the firebase-messaging-sw.js and the version of firebase install in package.json

[azhararmar]

@lancelynyrd I fixed the issue by changing the version of importScript from 5.x to 7.x

[khetho]

@lancelynyrd solution worked for me

[link4hy]

@azhararmar U save my ass.

[Dhamo-krish]

If still it doesn't work , Add the PublicVapidKey to _messaging which belong to FireMessaging promise of messaging.service

this.angularFireMessaging.messaging.subscribe((_messaging) => {
_messaging.usePublicVapidKey('');
})

To get key Project Settings->Cloud Messaging

[parth181195]

I guess firebase versions above 7.6.0 are not compatible with @angular/fire 5.3.0 I tried with 7.6.3 and 7.7.0 but I can't get it to work .but it works fine with 7.6.0

[AlMorton]

THIS! I've tried using anything above 7.5.0 but it wouldn't work.

[rtsdemo123]

I'm also having same issue (working great in background not working in foreground)
I tried several changes:

1. Changing the libraries from 5.5 to 7.7 or to 7.6
2. I tried also to add this code
   this.angularFireMessaging.messaging.subscribe((_messaging) => {
   _messaging.usePublicVapidKey('xxx');
   })
   xxx - is the key I placed from the web configuration under cloud messaging in the firebase project.
3. I also tried to play with the json I'm sending to the server-worker, sent a few variations
   with data + notification payload, only data, only notification.
   strangely I'm receiving the push notification only if the notification payload is present in the json
   otherwise it's not showing anything (even in the background) not sure if it's related to this
   problem.

This is the code of my messaing.service.ts so far:

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { AngularFireDatabase } from '@angular/fire/database';
import { AngularFireAuth } from '@angular/fire/auth';
import { AngularFireMessaging } from '@angular/fire/messaging';
import { mergeMapTo } from 'rxjs/operators';
import { take } from 'rxjs/operators';
import { BehaviorSubject } from 'rxjs'

@Injectable()
export class MessagingService {

  currentMessage = new BehaviorSubject(null);

  constructor(
    private angularFireDB: AngularFireDatabase,
    private angularFireAuth: AngularFireAuth,
    private angularFireMessaging: AngularFireMessaging) {
    this.angularFireMessaging.messaging.subscribe(
      (_messaging) => {
        _messaging.onMessage = _messaging.onMessage.bind(_messaging);
        _messaging.onTokenRefresh = _messaging.onTokenRefresh.bind(_messaging);
      }
    )
  }

  /**
   * update token in firebase database
   *
   * @param userId userId as a key
   * @param token token as a value
   */
  updateToken(userId, token) {
    // we can change this function to request our backend service
    this.angularFireAuth.authState.pipe(take(1)).subscribe(
      () => {
        const data = {};
        data[userId] = token
        this.angularFireDB.object('fcmTokens/').update(data)
      })
  }

  /**
   * request permission for notification from firebase cloud messaging
   *
   * @param userId userId
   */
  requestPermission(userId) {
    this.angularFireMessaging.requestToken.subscribe(
      (token) => {
        console.log(token);
        this.updateToken(userId, token);
      },
      (err) => {
        console.error('Unable to get permission to notify.', err);
      }
    );
  }

  /**
   * hook method when new notification received in foreground
   */
  receiveMessage() {
    this.angularFireMessaging.messages.subscribe(
      (payload) => {
        console.log("new message received. ", payload);
        this.currentMessage.next(payload);
      })

      this.angularFireMessaging.messaging.subscribe((_messaging) => {
        _messaging.usePublicVapidKey('xxx');
      })
  }
}

[vincepunkrock]

I guess firebase versions above 7.6.0 are not compatible with @angular/fire 5.3.0 I tried with 7.6.3 and 7.7.0 but I can't get it to work .but it works fine with 7.6.0

It would be great if Angular Fire would tell exactly which version of firebase to use.

[vincepunkrock]

I indeed fixed it temporarily by using firebase 7.6.0 with angular/fire 5.4.0. 7.8.0 wouldn't work.

[rachitsakhidas]

There is workaround for it.

You need to modify your custom messaging service little bit.

Inside constructor you need to replace following code

this.angularFireMessaging.messaging.subscribe(
(_messaging: any) => {
_messaging.onMessage = _messaging.onMessage.bind(_messaging);
messaging._next = (payload: any) => {
console.log(payload);
};
_messaging.onTokenRefresh = _messaging.onTokenRefresh.bind(_messaging);
}
);
with that

this.angularFireMessaging.messaging.subscribe(
(_messaging: any) => {
// _messaging.onMessage = _messaging.onMessage.bind(_messaging);
_messaging._next = (payload: any) => {
console.log(payload);
};
_messaging.onTokenRefresh = _messaging.onTokenRefresh.bind(_messaging);
}
);
Then you will get push notification even you are in fore-ground.

Thanks & Regards Rachit V. Sakhidas

[rtsdemo123]

thanks @rachitsakhidas but it did not help. I use postman in order to test push notifications: this is how I push notifications in the test website that I'm currently testing...

I have two headers, one of which is the authorization which consists of "key=with the key from the firebase console" another field is Content-Type that is equal to application/json

The body (json) of the request is:

{

"collapse_key" : "type_a",
"notification" : {
"body" : "Body of Your Notification45545544545",
"title": "Title of Your Notification",
"action":"www.google.com"
},
"data" : {
"channel": "default",
"id": 123,
"title": "Test Notification with action",
"body": "Force touch to reply",
"sound": "default",
"priority": "high",
"click_action": "com.myapp.MyCategory",
"badge": 10,
"number": 10,
"ticker": "My Notification Ticker",
"auto_cancel": true,
"large_icon":
"https://image.freepik.com/free-icon/small-boy-cartoon_318-38077.jpg",
"icon": "ic_launcher",
"big_text": "Show when notification is expanded",
"sub_text": "This is a subText",
"color": "red",
"vibrate": 300,
"wake_screen": true,
"group": "group",
"picture":
"https://www.google.com/images/branding/googlelogo/2x/googlelogo_color_150x54dp.png",
"ongoing": true,
"my_custom_data": "my_custom_field_value",
"lights": true,
"show_in_foreground": true
},
"to": "fSrmQgaSEd4kduQG-" a unique identifier from firebase.
}

thanks for your help!

[yanlyan]

It happens again on firebase 7.9.1 and angularfire 6.0.0-rc.1

[ijurao]

any update here? same poblem again with firebase7.13.2

[entropia-studio]

Testing with firebase 7.14.1 doesn't work neither. I was able to get the foreground notifications following this article but is a workaround really.

Here is the final code related with the article but is necessary to install the Angular Service Worker (ngsw) also.

Hope the firebase team fix this sooner because get the foreground messages is really important for the package functionality.

[FrancescoPaiola]

any update?

[pufanalexandru]

I'm having the same issue, with Firebase 7.14.2 and Angular Fire 6.0.0. Any solution?

[fenrirdrk]

Same issue with "firebase": "7.14.4" and "@angular/fire": "6.0.0". Any idea?

[ijurao]

Have You tried to register background notifications listener in worker service? It works for me El lun., 18 de mayo de 2020 11:59, Yandy Marrero Morales < [email protected]> escribió:

…

Same issue with "firebase": "7.14.4" and ***@***.***/fire": "6.0.0". Any idea? — You are receiving this because you commented. Reply to this email directly, view it on GitHub <#1904 (comment)>, or unsubscribe <https://github.com/notifications/unsubscribe-auth/APA6GSOLBSWYMPATN2FKTC3RSCI7VANCNFSM4FYEO2FQ> .

[karthik11788]

I have the same issue but its working fine on localhost but in https only working the background notification FIREBASE 7.6.0

[fenrirdrk]

I finally got this done, Im sure there is a better and proper soluciotion but, based on @rachitsakhidas, and removing worker registration from index file and make it in angular.json it worked for me:

"firebase": "^7.14.5",
"@angular/fire": "^5.4.2",

I did tried others many versions of both and theirs convinations and nothing seem to worked, so i registerd a firebase-messaging-sw.js
and as workaround to catch the push event in foreground i used the messaging callback like this:

this.afMessaging.messaging.subscribe(
        (messaging: any) => {
          messaging.onMessageCallback = (payload: any) => {
            this.alertCtrl.create({
              header: payload.notification.title,
              message: payload.notification.body,
              buttons: ['Entendido'],
              cssClass: 'confirmation-alert',
              backdropDismiss: false
            }).then(alert => {
              alert.present().then();
              alert.onDidDismiss().then(async () => {
              // do something
              });
            });
          };
          messaging.onTokenRefresh = messaging.onTokenRefresh.bind(messaging);
        });

I'm working with ionic in this case but maybe, this can save some time to someone.

[NethajiV]

Still not working for me @fenrirdrk can you please let me know what you mean by "removing worker registration from index file and make it in angular.json". Also what version of ionic framework you are using

Now I'm going to try the version you have suggested.

[NethajiV]

As suggested in https://github.com/angular/angularfire/blob/master/docs/ionic/v3.md I have installed angularfire2 using the command

npm install angularfire2 firebase promise-polyfill --save

Now my version is
"@angular/fire": "^5.4.2",
"angularfire2": "^5.4.2",
"firebase": "^7.14.5",

It seems there is bug in firebase-messaging.js event handler so only we are not receiving the messages.

Now I have commented the onMessage and added a listener in service worker, now I'm getting foreground messages to web,

Hope this will save others time, as I have spent more than one day trying different approaches and trying different versions.

Note: still not receiving the background messages on web. If anyone knows the solution please let me know.

[karthik11788]

Use angular 5.4.2 and firebade 7.6.0 it will work And for production remove the^ of 7.6.0 otherwise it will take the hire version. Regards Karthik

…

On Fri, 29 May 2020, 6:33 pm NethajiV, ***@***.***> wrote: As suggested in https://github.com/angular/angularfire/blob/master/docs/ionic/v3.md I have installed angularfire2 using the command npm install angularfire2 firebase promise-polyfill --save Now my version is ***@***.***/fire": "^5.4.2", "angularfire2": "^5.4.2", "firebase": "^7.14.5", It seems there is bug in firebase-messaging.js event handler so only we are not receiving the messages. [image: image] <https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/22527863/83262160-1d9d1e00-a1da-11ea-960d-2dc11864c044.png> Now I have commented the onMessage and added a listener in service worker, now I'm getting foreground messages to web, [image: image] <https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/22527863/83262402-8c7a7700-a1da-11ea-8cb9-892736cb921b.png> Hope this will save others time, as I have spent more than one day trying different approaches and trying different versions. Note: still not receiving the background messages on web. If anyone knows the solution please let me know. — You are receiving this because you commented. Reply to this email directly, view it on GitHub <#1904 (comment)>, or unsubscribe <https://github.com/notifications/unsubscribe-auth/AEG43POP7AMCGJ52C3KTRQTRT6XAHANCNFSM4FYEO2FQ> .

[karthik11788]

Higher :) On Sun, 31 May 2020, 12:23 am Karthik S Kumar, <[email protected]> wrote:

…

Use angular 5.4.2 and firebade 7.6.0 it will work And for production remove the^ of 7.6.0 otherwise it will take the hire version. Regards Karthik On Fri, 29 May 2020, 6:33 pm NethajiV, ***@***.***> wrote: > As suggested in > https://github.com/angular/angularfire/blob/master/docs/ionic/v3.md I > have installed angularfire2 using the command > > npm install angularfire2 firebase promise-polyfill --save > > Now my version is > ***@***.***/fire": "^5.4.2", > "angularfire2": "^5.4.2", > "firebase": "^7.14.5", > > It seems there is bug in firebase-messaging.js event handler so only we > are not receiving the messages. > > [image: image] > <https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/22527863/83262160-1d9d1e00-a1da-11ea-960d-2dc11864c044.png> > > Now I have commented the onMessage and added a listener in service > worker, now I'm getting foreground messages to web, > > [image: image] > <https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/22527863/83262402-8c7a7700-a1da-11ea-8cb9-892736cb921b.png> > > Hope this will save others time, as I have spent more than one day trying > different approaches and trying different versions. > > Note: still not receiving the background messages on web. If anyone knows > the solution please let me know. > > — > You are receiving this because you commented. > Reply to this email directly, view it on GitHub > <#1904 (comment)>, > or unsubscribe > <https://github.com/notifications/unsubscribe-auth/AEG43POP7AMCGJ52C3KTRQTRT6XAHANCNFSM4FYEO2FQ> > . >

[jperezg86]

For me the @fenrirdrk solution worked great! Using the same versions and using the event listener:

messaging.onMessageCallback = (payload: any) => {
console.log(payload);
}

Thanks!

[Radecom]

I finally got this done, Im sure there is a better and proper soluciotion but, based on @rachitsakhidas, and removing worker registration from index file and make it in angular.json it worked for me:

"firebase": "^7.14.5", "@angular/fire": "^5.4.2",

I did tried others many versions of both and theirs convinations and nothing seem to worked, so i registerd a firebase-messaging-sw.js
and as workaround to catch the push event in foreground i used the messaging callback like this:

this.afMessaging.messaging.subscribe(
        (messaging: any) => {
          messaging.onMessageCallback = (payload: any) => {
            this.alertCtrl.create({
              header: payload.notification.title,
              message: payload.notification.body,
              buttons: ['Entendido'],
              cssClass: 'confirmation-alert',
              backdropDismiss: false
            }).then(alert => {
              alert.present().then();
              alert.onDidDismiss().then(async () => {
              // do something
              });
            });
          };
          messaging.onTokenRefresh = messaging.onTokenRefresh.bind(messaging);
        });

I'm working with ionic in this case but maybe, this can save some time to someone.

Work for me, Thanks!

[quocthanh2694]

It works for me with version:
"firebase": "^7.14.5", "@angular/fire": "^5.4.2",
and this code:

if (navigator && navigator.serviceWorker) {
            navigator.serviceWorker.addEventListener('message', this.onReceiveMsg.bind(this));
        }

onReceiveMsg(fcmMessage: FCMMessageRaw) {
        logger.debug('foreground', fcmMessage);
}

[hiepxanh]

PR is coming #2497

[hiepxanh]

PR is close, since that firebase have new update:

version 7.16 of firebase was fix this bug. Please update to the newest version and try this:

Remember to update your firebase in package.json. and the version must me matching with the firebase-messaging-sw.js or the notification will not fire in foreground

for who was confuse with firebase-messaging-sw.js you need to create a file and update the angular.json follow the instruction:

[fermdotnet]

7.17.1 and the same problem.
Thanks @NethajiV . You saved me hours and days!

constructor(private messagingSvc:AngularFireMessaging){
    if(navigator && navigator.serviceWorker)
      navigator.serviceWorker.addEventListener('message', this.onReceiveMsg.bind(this));
}

onReceiveMsg(event){
   if(event.data && event.data['firebase-messaging-msg-data']){
      const {data} = event.data['firebase-messaging-msg-data'];
      console.log({data});
   }
}

[MUKESHGUPTA-dev]

I m using firebase 7.22.1 version and @angular/fore 5.4.0 i m getting response when call API but not getting Pop-up Notification
i tried each solution mentioned here except using firebase version 7.6.0 please help me out.

[karthi-the-programmer]

this.angularFireMessaging.messaging.subscribe(
(_messaging: any) => {
// _messaging.onMessage = _messaging.onMessage.bind(_messaging);
_messaging._next = (payload: any) => {
console.log(payload);
};
_messaging.onTokenRefresh = _messaging.onTokenRefresh.bind(_messaging);
}
);

which firebase and @angular/fire versions ?

[Seabird22]

For people still having this problem : We have this setup inside an Ionic / Angular app. We use the native cordova FCM plugin for mobile devices, but solely for developing purposes we wanted to have the notifications triggered in web too.

Notifications composer in Firebase console does not seem to work with AngularFire in web. We tried instead with a custom .NET testclient, and there it works. So if you are trying with the notifications compose: don't waste your time.

I am receiving both foreground and background notification messages with following setup:

(make sure you install "@angular/fire": "^6.0.5", "firebase": "8.0.2", )

firebase-messaging-sw.js

importScripts('https://www.gstatic.com/firebasejs/8.0.2/firebase-app.js');
importScripts('https://www.gstatic.com/firebasejs/8.0.2/firebase-messaging.js');

 // Initialize the Firebase app in the service worker by passing in
 // your app's Firebase config object.
 // https://firebase.google.com/docs/web/setup#config-object

 initializeFirebase();

function initializeFirebase() {
 var firebaseConfig = {
    apiKey: "",
    authDomain: "",
    databaseURL: "",
    projectId: "",
    storageBucket: "",
    messagingSenderId: "",
    appId: "",
    measurementId: ""
  };
  // Initialize Firebase
  var firebaseApp = firebase.initializeApp(firebaseConfig);
  var messaging = firebase.messaging();

messaging.onBackgroundMessage(function(payload) {
    console.log('[firebase-messaging-sw.js] Received background message ', payload);
    // Customize notification here
    const notificationTitle = 'Background Message Title';
    const notificationOptions = {
      body: 'Background Message body.',
      icon: '/firebase-logo.png'
    };
  
    self.registration.showNotification(notificationTitle,
      notificationOptions);
  });

app.component.ts (or wherever you want this in your app)

 
import { AngularFireMessaging } from '@angular/fire/messaging';

constructor(
    private firebaseMessaging: AngularFireMessaging,
  ) {
  }

this.platform.ready().then(() => {
       this.firebaseMessaging.requestPermission
      .pipe(mergeMapTo(this.firebaseMessaging.tokenChanges))
      .subscribe(
        (token) => { console.log('Permission granted!    Token:', token); },
        (error) => { console.error(error); },
      );
    this.firebaseMessaging.messages.subscribe(
      (message) => {
        console.log('Message received:', message);
      },
      (error) => { console.log("failed to subscribe to firebase messaging") }
    );
  }
    });

angular.json

 "architect": {
        "build": {
          "options": {
            "assets": [
              "src/firebase-messaging-sw.js"
            ],

[jamesdaniels]

Things should be much better now, more to work on (out of box support with NGSW) but I we support VAPID_KEY and SERVICE_WORKER via DI tokens now.

[mafei-dev]

in the new versions use don't need to messaging.subscribe part.
Remove everything in the constructor, and update your package.json into the latest version. ant rut it.

[dodomui]

@mafei-dev
does afMessaging.messages.subscribe not working anymore?
I didn't receive any return when there's a new push notification come in.