Feat: Added Memoize Func

Cache/Memoize.js

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+/**
+ * Memoize
+ *
+ * From [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoization),
+ * memoization is an optimization technique
+ * used primarily to speed up computer programs,
+ * by storing the results of expensive function calls
+ * and returning the cached result when the same inputs occur again
+ *
+ * This function is a first class objects,
+ * which lets us use it as [Higher-Order Function](https://eloquentjavascript.net/05_higher_order.html)
+ * and return another function
+ *
+ * @param {Function} func Original function
+ * @returns {Function} Memoized function
+ */
+export const memoize = (func) => {
+  // Initialization of a slot to store the function result
+  const cache = {}
+
+  return (...args) => {
+    // Retrieving the first argument of the function
+    const [arg] = args
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if the argument is already present in the cache,
+     * then return the associated value / result
+     */
+    if (arg in cache) {
+      return cache[arg]
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the argument is not yet present in the cache,
+     * execute original function and save its value / result in cache,
+     * finally return it
+     */
+    const result = func(arg)
+    cache[arg] = result
+    return result
+  }
+}

Cache/test/Memoize.test.js

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+import { memoize } from '../Memoize'
+
+const fibonacci = (n) => {
+  if (n < 2) {
+    return n
+  }
+
+  return fibonacci(n - 2) + fibonacci(n - 1)
+}
+
+const factorial = (n) => {
+  if (n === 0) {
+    return 1
+  }
+
+  return n * factorial(n - 1)
+}
+
+describe('Memoize', () => {
+  it('expects the fibonacci function to use the cache on the second call', () => {
+    const memoFibonacci = memoize(fibonacci)
+
+    expect(memoFibonacci(5)).toEqual(fibonacci(5))
+    expect(memoFibonacci(5)).toEqual(5)
+    expect(memoFibonacci(10)).toEqual(fibonacci(10))
+    expect(memoFibonacci(10)).toEqual(55)
+  })
+
+  it('expects the factorial function to use the cache on the second call', () => {
+    const memoFactorial = memoize(factorial)
+
+    expect(memoFactorial(5)).toEqual(factorial(5))
+    expect(memoFactorial(5)).toEqual(120)
+    expect(memoFactorial(10)).toEqual(factorial(10))
+    expect(memoFactorial(10)).toEqual(3628800)
+  })
+})