Add tests, remove main, enhance docs in MatrixChainMultiplication

DIRECTORY.md

@@ -814,6 +814,7 @@
             * [LongestIncreasingSubsequenceTests](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/LongestIncreasingSubsequenceTests.java)
             * [LongestPalindromicSubstringTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/LongestPalindromicSubstringTest.java)
             * [LongestValidParenthesesTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/LongestValidParenthesesTest.java)
+            * [MatrixChainMultiplicationTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/MatrixChainMultiplicationTest.java)
             * [MinimumPathSumTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/MinimumPathSumTest.java)
             * [MinimumSumPartitionTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/MinimumSumPartitionTest.java)
             * [OptimalJobSchedulingTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/OptimalJobSchedulingTest.java)

src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/MatrixChainMultiplication.java

@@ -2,38 +2,32 @@
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Scanner;
 
+/**
+ * The MatrixChainMultiplication class provides functionality to compute the
+ * optimal way to multiply a sequence of matrices. The optimal multiplication
+ * order is determined using dynamic programming, which minimizes the total
+ * number of scalar multiplications required.
+ */
 public final class MatrixChainMultiplication {
     private MatrixChainMultiplication() {
     }
 
-    private static final Scanner SCANNER = new Scanner(System.in);
-    private static final ArrayList<Matrix> MATRICES = new ArrayList<>();
-    private static int size;
+    // Matrices to store minimum multiplication costs and split points
     private static int[][] m;
     private static int[][] s;
     private static int[] p;
 
-    public static void main(String[] args) {
-        int count = 1;
-        while (true) {
-            String[] mSize = input("input size of matrix A(" + count + ") ( ex. 10 20 ) : ");
-            int col = Integer.parseInt(mSize[0]);
-            if (col == 0) {
-                break;
-            }
-            int row = Integer.parseInt(mSize[1]);
-
-            Matrix matrix = new Matrix(count, col, row);
-            MATRICES.add(matrix);
-            count++;
-        }
-        for (Matrix m : MATRICES) {
-            System.out.format("A(%d)  =  %2d  x  %2d%n", m.count(), m.col(), m.row());
-        }
-
-        size = MATRICES.size();
+    /**
+     * Calculates the optimal order for multiplying a given list of matrices.
+     *
+     * @param matrices an ArrayList of Matrix objects representing the matrices
+     *                 to be multiplied.
+     * @return a Result object containing the matrices of minimum costs and
+     *         optimal splits.
+     */
+    public static Result calculateMatrixChainOrder(ArrayList<Matrix> matrices) {
+        int size = matrices.size();
         m = new int[size + 1][size + 1];
         s = new int[size + 1][size + 1];
         p = new int[size + 1];
@@ -44,51 +38,20 @@ public static void main(String[] args) {
         }
 
         for (int i = 0; i < p.length; i++) {
-            p[i] = i == 0 ? MATRICES.get(i).col() : MATRICES.get(i - 1).row();
+            p[i] = i == 0 ? matrices.get(i).col() : matrices.get(i - 1).row();
         }
 
-        matrixChainOrder();
-        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-            System.out.print("-------");
-        }
-        System.out.println();
-        printArray(m);
-        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-            System.out.print("-------");
-        }
-        System.out.println();
-        printArray(s);
-        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-            System.out.print("-------");
-        }
-        System.out.println();
-
-        System.out.println("Optimal solution : " + m[1][size]);
-        System.out.print("Optimal parens : ");
-        printOptimalParens(1, size);
-    }
-
-    private static void printOptimalParens(int i, int j) {
-        if (i == j) {
-            System.out.print("A" + i);
-        } else {
-            System.out.print("(");
-            printOptimalParens(i, s[i][j]);
-            printOptimalParens(s[i][j] + 1, j);
-            System.out.print(")");
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static void printArray(int[][] array) {
-        for (int i = 1; i < size + 1; i++) {
-            for (int j = 1; j < size + 1; j++) {
-                System.out.printf("%7d", array[i][j]);
-            }
-            System.out.println();
-        }
+        matrixChainOrder(size);
+        return new Result(m, s);
     }
 
-    private static void matrixChainOrder() {
+    /**
+     * A helper method that computes the minimum cost of multiplying
+     * the matrices using dynamic programming.
+     *
+     * @param size the number of matrices in the multiplication sequence.
+     */
+    private static void matrixChainOrder(int size) {
         for (int i = 1; i < size + 1; i++) {
             m[i][i] = 0;
         }
@@ -109,33 +72,92 @@ private static void matrixChainOrder() {
         }
     }
 
-    private static String[] input(String string) {
-        System.out.print(string);
-        return (SCANNER.nextLine().split(" "));
-    }
-}
-
-class Matrix {
+    /**
+     * The Result class holds the results of the matrix chain multiplication
+     * calculation, including the matrix of minimum costs and split points.
+     */
+    public static class Result {
+        private final int[][] m;
+        private final int[][] s;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs a Result object with the specified matrices of minimum
+         * costs and split points.
+         *
+         * @param m the matrix of minimum multiplication costs.
+         * @param s the matrix of optimal split points.
+         */
+        public Result(int[][] m, int[][] s) {
+            this.m = m;
+            this.s = s;
+        }
 
-    private final int count;
-    private final int col;
-    private final int row;
+        /**
+         * Returns the matrix of minimum multiplication costs.
+         *
+         * @return the matrix of minimum multiplication costs.
+         */
+        public int[][] getM() {
+            return m;
+        }
 
-    Matrix(int count, int col, int row) {
-        this.count = count;
-        this.col = col;
-        this.row = row;
+        /**
+         * Returns the matrix of optimal split points.
+         *
+         * @return the matrix of optimal split points.
+         */
+        public int[][] getS() {
+            return s;
+        }
     }
 
-    int count() {
-        return count;
-    }
+    /**
+     * The Matrix class represents a matrix with its dimensions and count.
+     */
+    public static class Matrix {
+        private final int count;
+        private final int col;
+        private final int row;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs a Matrix object with the specified count, number of columns,
+         * and number of rows.
+         *
+         * @param count the identifier for the matrix.
+         * @param col   the number of columns in the matrix.
+         * @param row   the number of rows in the matrix.
+         */
+        public Matrix(int count, int col, int row) {
+            this.count = count;
+            this.col = col;
+            this.row = row;
+        }
 
-    int col() {
-        return col;
-    }
+        /**
+         * Returns the identifier of the matrix.
+         *
+         * @return the identifier of the matrix.
+         */
+        public int count() {
+            return count;
+        }
 
-    int row() {
-        return row;
+        /**
+         * Returns the number of columns in the matrix.
+         *
+         * @return the number of columns in the matrix.
+         */
+        public int col() {
+            return col;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the number of rows in the matrix.
+         *
+         * @return the number of rows in the matrix.
+         */
+        public int row() {
+            return row;
+        }
     }
 }

src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/MatrixChainMultiplicationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.dynamicprogramming;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class MatrixChainMultiplicationTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void testMatrixCreation() {
+        MatrixChainMultiplication.Matrix matrix1 = new MatrixChainMultiplication.Matrix(1, 10, 20);
+        MatrixChainMultiplication.Matrix matrix2 = new MatrixChainMultiplication.Matrix(2, 20, 30);
+
+        assertEquals(1, matrix1.count());
+        assertEquals(10, matrix1.col());
+        assertEquals(20, matrix1.row());
+
+        assertEquals(2, matrix2.count());
+        assertEquals(20, matrix2.col());
+        assertEquals(30, matrix2.row());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testMatrixChainOrder() {
+        // Create a list of matrices to be multiplied
+        ArrayList<MatrixChainMultiplication.Matrix> matrices = new ArrayList<>();
+        matrices.add(new MatrixChainMultiplication.Matrix(1, 10, 20)); // A(1) = 10 x 20
+        matrices.add(new MatrixChainMultiplication.Matrix(2, 20, 30)); // A(2) = 20 x 30
+
+        // Calculate matrix chain order
+        MatrixChainMultiplication.Result result = MatrixChainMultiplication.calculateMatrixChainOrder(matrices);
+
+        // Expected cost of multiplying A(1) and A(2)
+        int expectedCost = 6000; // The expected optimal cost of multiplying A(1)(10x20) and A(2)(20x30)
+        int actualCost = result.getM()[1][2];
+
+        assertEquals(expectedCost, actualCost);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testOptimalParentheses() {
+        // Create a list of matrices to be multiplied
+        ArrayList<MatrixChainMultiplication.Matrix> matrices = new ArrayList<>();
+        matrices.add(new MatrixChainMultiplication.Matrix(1, 10, 20)); // A(1) = 10 x 20
+        matrices.add(new MatrixChainMultiplication.Matrix(2, 20, 30)); // A(2) = 20 x 30
+
+        // Calculate matrix chain order
+        MatrixChainMultiplication.Result result = MatrixChainMultiplication.calculateMatrixChainOrder(matrices);
+
+        // Check the optimal split for parentheses
+        assertEquals(1, result.getS()[1][2]); // s[1][2] should point to the optimal split
+    }
+}