refactor: LowestBasePalindrome

[alxkm]

Class cleanup.
Readability improvements.
Tests cleanup.

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• All filenames are in PascalCase.
• All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 47.27%. Comparing base (0b0b26e) to head (d6a2d26).

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #5385      +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage     47.27%   47.27%   -0.01%     
+ Complexity     2918     2917       -1     
============================================
  Files           525      525              
  Lines         15333    15335       +2     
  Branches       2906     2907       +1     
============================================
  Hits           7249     7249              
- Misses         7783     7784       +1     
- Partials        301      302       +1     

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