refactor: BinaryToDecimal

[alxkm]

Refactoring BinaryToDecimal.
Adding tests for incorrect cases.

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• All filenames are in PascalCase.
• All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 42.68%. Comparing base (c20375a) to head (4e171c6).

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #5330      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     42.67%   42.68%   +0.01%     
  Complexity     2646     2646              
============================================
  Files           522      522              
  Lines         15488    15485       -3     
  Branches       2950     2951       +1     
============================================
+ Hits           6609     6610       +1     
+ Misses         8596     8591       -5     
- Partials        283      284       +1     

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