refactor: simple improvements and cleanup for different sorts

[alxkm]

Some simple improvements were introduced:

• changing names of different naming of sorted array to just simple array
• making some variables like final to make them not editable and mark this
• some minor other changes

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• All filenames are in PascalCase.
• All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 42.34%. Comparing base (2837585) to head (a364ebb).

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #5320      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     42.27%   42.34%   +0.07%     
- Complexity     2626     2631       +5     
============================================
  Files           522      522              
  Lines         15540    15528      -12     
  Branches       2965     2964       -1     
============================================
+ Hits           6570     6576       +6     
+ Misses         8672     8655      -17     
+ Partials        298      297       -1     

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