feat: add temperature unit conversions

[vil02]

This PR adds a framework to work with unit conversions. I did not want to make the things too complicated so I only handle the case, when relation between units is linear.

Please review this very carefully, because probably many people would like to add more types of unit conversions in the future. Please pay special attention to:

• UnitConversionsTest - I did not want to make it too complicated. It is not perfect, because adding a new quantity (like mass, length, time etc.) requiters adding 3 methods. But I think that it is still reasonable,
• UnitConversions - my idea is to have static members like TEMPERATURE, LENGTH, MASS, TIME etc. there. Feels a bit weird to me, but nothing else comes to my mind,
• UnitsConverter.computeAllConversions - probably it not the most efficient way, but there are not that many units in general. I guess it can be optimized in the future without changing the API,
• is it fine to represent units as Strings?

Please let's do not rush here.

This PR is partially inspired by #5048.

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• All filenames are in PascalCase.
• All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 98.24561% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 45.65%. Comparing base (5149051) to head (97e90a7).

Files	Patch %	Lines
...com/thealgorithms/conversions/AffineConverter.java	88.88%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #5315      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     45.44%   45.65%   +0.20%     
- Complexity     2817     2840      +23     
============================================
  Files           522      525       +3     
  Lines         15368    15425      +57     
  Branches       2915     2921       +6     
============================================
+ Hits           6984     7042      +58     
+ Misses         8090     8089       -1     
  Partials        294      294              

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[BamaCharanChhandogi]

LGTM, thanks.