feat: add cycle sort (#212)

* Feat: add cycle sort

* remove redundant links

* chore: apply suggestions from code review

---------

Co-authored-by: David Leal <[email protected]>

Author: BSzmolke

Diff for: en/Sorting Algorithms/Cycle Sort.md

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+# Cycle Sort
+
+#### Problem Statement
+
+Given an unsorted array of n elements, write a function to sort the array
+
+#### Approach
+
+- If the element is already at its correct position do nothing
+- Otherwise, find the correct position of a by counting the total number of elements that are less than current element
+- Insert current element into its correct position
+- Set replaced element as new current element and find its correct position
+- Continue process until array is sorted
+
+#### Time Complexity
+
+`O(n^2)` Worst case performance
+
+`O(n^2)` Best-case performance
+
+`O(n^2)` Average performance
+
+#### Space Complexity
+
+`O(n)` Worst case
+
+#### Application of algorithm
+
+- Cycle sort algorithm is useful for situations where memory write or element swap operations are costly.
+
+#### Example
+
+A single cycle of sorting array | b | d | e | a | c |
+
+```
+1. Select element for which the cycle is run, i.e. "b".
+
+|b|d|e|a|c|
+
+b - current element 
+
+2. Find correct location for current element and update current element.
+
+|b|b|e|a|c|
+
+d - current element 
+
+3. One more time, find correct location for current element and update current element.
+
+|b|b|e|d|c|
+
+a - current element 
+
+4. Current element is inserted into position of initial element "b" which ends the cycle.
+
+|a|b|e|d|c|
+
+a - current element 
+
+5. New cycle should be started for next element.
+```
+
+#### Video Explanation
+
+[A video explaining the Cycle Sort Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZNOM_yMdSQ)
+
+#### The Algorithms Page
+
+[Cycle Sort](https://the-algorithms.com/algorithm/cycle-sort)