[New Lecture] Python Static Typing

[mmcky]

It would be good to add a new lecture on python type hints syntax.

It has a number of good applications including:

1. improving efficiency of JIT compilers
2. useful in software design projects to better record interface types for methods and functions
3. LLM's are now returning code with type hints, so teaching it will reduce confusion for new programmers
4. help to catch errors (in some IDE's) and using software like pyrefly

Some notes when preparing the lecture

numba: to date Numba doesn't make use of them -- instead you still need to use the Numba decorator to declare types for JIT compilation.

jax: here is the roadmap for python type hints for the jax project

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It could be either a new lecture, or as a new section in https://python-programming.quantecon.org/python_advanced_features.html

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Things to check out:

1. pyrefly
2. warp kernel
3. https://www.reddit.com/r/nvidia/comments/1jrfjkl/nvidia_adds_native_python_support_to_cuda/