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Update spec references.
Fixes #50.
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common/algorithm-terms.html

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@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@
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copied into a new <a>processor state</a> when entering a new
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<a>JSON object</a>.</dd>
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<dt><dfn data-lt="promises">promise</dfn></dt><dd>
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A <a data-cite="ECMASCRIPT-6.0#sec-promise-objects" class="externalDFN">promise</a> is an object that represents the eventual result of a single asynchronous operation.
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Promises are defined in [[ECMASCRIPT-6.0]].</dd>
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A <a data-cite="ECMASCRIPT#sec-promise-objects" class="externalDFN">promise</a> is an object that represents the eventual result of a single asynchronous operation.
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Promises are defined in [[ECMASCRIPT]].</dd>
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<dt><dfn>require all flag</dfn></dt><dd>
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A flag specifying that all properties present in the <a>input frame</a>
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MUST either have a default value or be present in the <a>JSON-LD

common/terms.html

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<a data-cite="JSON-LD11#sets-and-lists" class="externalDFN">Sets and Lists</a> in
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the JSON-LD Syntax specification [[JSON-LD11]]).</dd>
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<dt><dfn data-lt="JSON objects">JSON object</dfn></dt><dd>
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In the JSON serialization, an <a data-cite="RFC7159#section-4" class="externalDFN">object</a> structure is represented as a pair of curly brackets surrounding zero or
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In the JSON serialization, an <a data-cite="RFC8259#section-4" class="externalDFN">object</a> structure is represented as a pair of curly brackets surrounding zero or
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more key-value pairs. A key is a <a>string</a>. A single colon comes after
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each key, separating the key from the value. A single comma separates a value
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from a following key. In JSON-LD the keys in an object MUST be unique.
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In the <a>internal representation</a> a <a>JSON object</a> is equivalent to a
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<dfn data-cite="WEBIDL#dfn-dictionary" data-lt="dictionaries" class="preserve">dictionary</dfn> (see [[WEBIDL]]).</dd>
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<dfn data-cite="WEBIDL#dfn-dictionary" data-lt="dictionaries" class="preserve">dictionary</dfn> (see [[!WEBIDL]]).</dd>
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<dt class="changed"><dfn data-lt="internal representation">JSON-LD internal representation</dfn></dt><dd class="changed">The JSON-LD
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internal representation is the result of transforming a JSON syntactic structure
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into the core data structures suitable for direct processing:
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<a>arrays</a>, <a>dictionaries</a>,
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<a>strings</a>, <a>numbers</a>, <a>booleans</a>, and <a>null</a>.</dd>
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<dt><dfn>null</dfn></dt><dd>
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The use of the <a data-cite="RFC7159#section-3" class="externalDFN">null</a> value within JSON-LD is used to
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The use of the <a data-cite="RFC8259#section-3" class="externalDFN">null</a> value within JSON-LD is used to
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ignore or reset values. A key-value pair in the <code>@context</code> where
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the value, or the <code>@id</code> of the value, is <code>null</code>
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explicitly decouples a term's association with an IRI. A key-value pair in
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<code>null</code> in expanded form, then the entire <a>JSON
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object</a> is ignored.</dd>
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<dt><dfn data-lt="numbers|JSON number|JSON numbers">number</dfn></dt><dd>
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In the JSON serialization, a <a data-cite="RFC7159#section-6" class="externalDFN">number</a> is similar to that used in most programming languages, except
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In the JSON serialization, a <a data-cite="RFC8259#section-6" class="externalDFN">number</a> is similar to that used in most programming languages, except
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that the octal and hexadecimal formats are not used and that leading
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zeros are not allowed.
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In the <a>internal representation</a>, a <a>number</a> is equivalent to either
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a <dfn data-cite="WEBIDL#idl-long" class="preserve">long</dfn>
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or <dfn data-cite="WEBIDL#idl-double" class="preserve">double</dfn>, depending
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on if the number has a non-zero fractional part (see [[WEBIDL]]).</dd>
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on if the number has a non-zero fractional part (see [[!WEBIDL]]).</dd>
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<dt><dfn>scalar</dfn></dt><dd>
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A scalar is either a JSON <a>string</a>, <a>number</a>, <a>true</a>,
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or <a>false</a>.</dd>
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<dt><dfn data-lt="strings">string</dfn></dt><dd>
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A <a data-cite="RFC7159#section-7" class="externalDFN">string</a> is a sequence of zero or more Unicode (UTF-8) characters,
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A <a data-cite="RFC8259#section-7" class="externalDFN">string</a> is a sequence of zero or more Unicode (UTF-8) characters,
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wrapped in double quotes, using backslash escapes (if necessary). A
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character is represented as a single character string.</dd>
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<dt><dfn>true</dfn> and <dfn>false</dfn></dt><dd>
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<a data-cite="RFC7159#section-3" class="externalDFN">Values</a> that are used to express one of two possible
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<a data-cite="RFC8259#section-3" class="externalDFN">Values</a> that are used to express one of two possible
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<dfn data-cite="WEBIDL#idl-boolean" data-lt="booleans" class="preserve">boolean</dfn> states.</dd>
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</dl>
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@@ -182,12 +182,12 @@
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section of the JSON-LD specification [[JSON-LD11]].
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A <a>linked data graph</a> is a generalized representation of an
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<a data-cite="RDF11-CONCEPTS#dfn-rdf-graph">RDF graph</a>
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as defined in [[!RDF-CONCEPTS]].</dd>
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as defined in [[!RDF11-CONCEPTS]].</dd>
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<dt><dfn data-lt="lists">list</dfn></dt><dd>
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A <a>list</a> is an ordered sequence of <a>IRIs</a>,
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<a>blank nodes</a>, and <a>JSON-LD values</a>.
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See <dfn data-cite="RDF-SCHEMA#ch_collectionvocab" data-lt="collection" class="preserve">RDF collection</dfn>
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in [[RDF-SCHEMA]].</dd>
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in [[!RDF-SCHEMA]].</dd>
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<dt><dfn data-lt="list objects">list object</dfn></dt><dd>
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A <a>list object</a> is a <a>JSON object</a> that has an <code>@list</code>
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member.</dd>
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<dt><dfn>typed literal</dfn></dt><dd>
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A <a data-cite="RDF11-CONCEPTS#dfn-typed-literal" class="externalDFN">typed literal</a> is a <a>literal</a> with an associated <a>IRI</a>
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which indicates the literal's datatype.
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See <dfn data-cite="RDF11-CONCEPTS#dfn-literal" data-lt="RDF literals" class="preserve">RDF literal</dfn> in [[!RDF-CONCEPTS]].</dd>
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See <dfn data-cite="RDF11-CONCEPTS#dfn-literal" data-lt="RDF literals" class="preserve">RDF literal</dfn> in [[!RDF11-CONCEPTS]].</dd>
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<dt><dfn data-lt="typed values">typed value</dfn></dt><dd>
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A <a>typed value</a> consists of a value, which is a <a>string</a>, and a type,
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which is an <a>IRI</a>.</dd>

index.html

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@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ <h1>Introduction</h1>
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different sites across the Web.</p>
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<p>JSON-LD is a lightweight syntax to serialize Linked Data in
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JSON [[!RFC7159]]. Its design allows existing JSON to be interpreted as
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JSON [[!RFC8259]]. Its design allows existing JSON to be interpreted as
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Linked Data with minimal changes. JSON-LD is primarily intended to be a
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way to use Linked Data in Web-based programming environments, to build
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interoperable Web services, and to store Linked Data in JSON-based storage engines. Since
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providing a standard library interface for common JSON-LD operations.</p>
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<p>To understand the basics in this specification you must first be familiar with
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<a data-cite="RFC7159">JSON</a>, which is detailed in [[!RFC7159]].</p>
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<a data-cite="RFC8259">JSON</a>, which is detailed in [[!RFC8259]].</p>
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<p>This document almost exclusively uses the term IRI
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(<a data-cite="ld-glossary#internationalized-resource-identifier">Internationalized Resource Indicator</a>)
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<section class="normative">
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<h2>Terminology</h2>
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<p>This document uses the following terms as defined in JSON [[!RFC7159]]. Refer
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to the <a data-cite="RFC7159#section-2">JSON Grammar section</a> in [[!RFC7159]] for formal definitions.</p>
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<p>This document uses the following terms as defined in JSON [[!RFC8259]]. Refer
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to the <a data-cite="RFC8259#section-2">JSON Grammar section</a> in [[!RFC8259]] for formal definitions.</p>
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<div data-include="common/terms.html"
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data-oninclude="restrictReferences">
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section <a href="#relationship-to-rdf"></a>.</p>
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<p>At the surface level, a <a>JSON-LD document</a> is simply
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<a data-cite="RFC7159">JSON</a>, detailed in [[!RFC7159]].
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<a data-cite="RFC8259">JSON</a>, detailed in [[!RFC8259]].
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For the purpose of describing the core data structures,
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this is limited to <a>arrays</a>, <a>dictionaries</a> (the parsed version of a <a>JSON Object</a>),
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<a>strings</a>, <a>numbers</a>, <a>booleans</a>, and <a>null</a>,
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<section class="informative">
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<h1>Basic Concepts</h1>
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<p>JSON [[RFC7159]] is a lightweight, language-independent data interchange format.
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<p>JSON [[RFC8259]] is a lightweight, language-independent data interchange format.
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It is easy to parse and easy to generate. However, it is difficult to integrate JSON
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from different sources as the data may contain keys that conflict with other
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data sources. Furthermore, JSON has no
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is ignored when the document is used as an external JSON-LD context document.</p>
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<p>JSON documents can be interpreted as JSON-LD without having to be modified by
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referencing a <a>context</a> via an <a data-cite="RFC5988#section-5">HTTP Link Header</a>
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referencing a <a>context</a> via an <a data-cite="RFC8288#section-3">HTTP Link Header</a>
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as described in <a class="sectionRef" href="#interpreting-json-as-json-ld"></a>. It is also
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possible to apply a custom context using the JSON-LD 1.1 API [[JSON-LD11-API]].</p>
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<p class="changed">In JSON-LD 1.1, lists of lists, where the value of
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a <a>list object</a>, may itself be a <a>list object</a>, are
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fully supported. For example, in <em>GeoJSON</em> (see [[RFC7946]]),
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fully supported. For example, in <a data-cite="RFC7946">GeoJSON</a> (see [[RFC7946]]),
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<em>coordinates</em> are an ordered list of <em>positions</em>, which are
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represented as an array of two or more numbers:</p>
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<p>Ordinary JSON documents can be interpreted as JSON-LD
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by providing an explicit JSON-LD <a>context</a> document. One way
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to provide this is by using referencing a JSON-LD
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<a>context</a> document in an <a data-cite="RFC5988#section-5">HTTP Link Header</a>.
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<a>context</a> document in an <a data-cite="RFC8288#section-3">HTTP Link Header</a>.
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Doing so allows JSON to be unambiguously machine-readable without requiring developers to drastically
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change their documents and provides an upgrade path for existing infrastructure
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without breaking existing clients that rely on the <code>application/json</code>
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media type or a media type with a <code>+json</code> suffix as defined in
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[[RFC6839]].</p>
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[[!RFC6839]].</p>
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<p>In order to use an external context with an ordinary JSON document,
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when retrieving an ordinary JSON document via HTTP, processors MUST
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retrieve any <a>JSON-LD document</a> referenced by a
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<a data-cite="RFC5988#section-5">Link Header</a> with:</p>
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<a data-cite="RFC8288#section-3">Link Header</a> with:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>rel="http://www.w3.org/ns/json-ld#context"</code>, and</li>
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of the <code>@context</code> subtree in the referenced document MUST be
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discarded. Effectively this means that the <a>active context</a> is
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initialized with the referenced external <a>context</a>. A response MUST NOT
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contain more than one <a data-cite="RFC5988#section-5">HTTP Link Header</a> [[!RFC5988]] using the
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contain more than one <a data-cite="RFC8288#section-3">HTTP Link Header</a> [[!RFC8288]] using the
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<code>http://www.w3.org/ns/json-ld#context</code> link relation.</p>
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<p>Other mechanisms for providing a JSON-LD Context MAY be described for other
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served with the <code>application/ld+json</code>
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media type MUST have all context information, including references to external
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contexts, within the body of the document. Contexts linked via a
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<code>http://www.w3.org/ns/json-ld#context</code> <a data-cite="RFC5988#section-5">HTTP Link Header</a> MUST be
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<code>http://www.w3.org/ns/json-ld#context</code> <a data-cite="RFC8288#section-3">HTTP Link Header</a> MUST be
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ignored for such documents.</p>
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</section>
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<p>JSON-LD is a serialization format for Linked Data based on JSON.
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It is therefore important to distinguish between the syntax, which is
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defined by JSON in [[!RFC7159]], and the <dfn>data model</dfn> which is
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defined by JSON in [[!RFC8259]], and the <dfn>data model</dfn> which is
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an extension of the <a data-cite="RDF11-CONCEPTS#data-model">RDF data model</a> [[!RDF11-CONCEPTS]]. The precise
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details of how JSON-LD relates to the RDF data model are given in
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<a class="sectionRef" href="#relationship-to-rdf"></a>.</p>
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<li>A <a>list</a> is a sequence of zero or more <a>IRIs</a>,
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<a>blank nodes</a>, and <a>JSON-LD values</a>.
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<a>Lists</a> are interpreted as
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<dfn data-cite="RDF11-MT#rdf-collections">RDF list structures</dfn> [[RDF11-MT]].</li>
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<dfn data-cite="RDF11-MT#rdf-collections">RDF list structures</dfn> [[!RDF11-MT]].</li>
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</ul>
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<p><a>JSON-LD documents</a> MAY contain data
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<p>This appendix restates the syntactic conventions described in the
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previous sections more formally.</p>
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<p>A <a>JSON-LD document</a> MUST be valid <a data-cite="RFC7159#section-2">JSON text</a> as described
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in [[!RFC7159]], <span class="changed">or some format that can be represented
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<p>A <a>JSON-LD document</a> MUST be valid <a data-cite="RFC8259#section-2">JSON text</a> as described
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in [[!RFC8259]], <span class="changed">or some format that can be represented
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in the <a>JSON-LD internal representation</a> that is equivalent to
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valid <a data-cite="RFC7159#section-2">JSON text</a></span>.</p>
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valid <a data-cite="RFC8259#section-2">JSON text</a></span>.</p>
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<p>A <a>JSON-LD document</a> MUST be a single <a>node object</a>,
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a <a>JSON object</a> consisting of only
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<li>In JSON-LD <a>lists</a> use native JSON syntax, either contained in a
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list object, or described as such within a context. Consequently, developers
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using the JSON representation can access list elements directly rather than
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using the vocabulary for collections described in [[RDF-SCHEMA]]..</li>
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using the vocabulary for collections described in [[!RDF-SCHEMA]]..</li>
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<li>RDF values are either typed <em>literals</em>
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(<a>typed values</a>) or
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<a>language-tagged strings</a> whereas
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<dt><code>profile</code></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>A non-empty list of space-separated URIs identifying specific
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constraints or conventions that apply to a JSON-LD document according to [[RFC6906]].
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constraints or conventions that apply to a JSON-LD document according to [[!RFC6906]].
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A profile does not change the semantics of the resource representation
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when processed without profile knowledge, so that clients both with
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and without knowledge of a profiled resource can safely use the same
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honors the profiles in the list which are recognized by the server.
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It is RECOMMENDED that profile URIs are dereferenceable and provide
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useful documentation at that URI. For more information and background
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please refer to [[RFC6906]].</p>
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please refer to [[!RFC6906]].</p>
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<p>This specification defines three values for the <code>profile</code> parameter.
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To request or specify <a href="#expanded-document-form">expanded JSON-LD document form</a>,
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the URI <code>http://www.w3.org/ns/json-ld#expanded</code> SHOULD be used.
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<dt>Encoding considerations:</dt>
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<dd>See <a data-cite="RFC6839#section-3.1">RFC&nbsp;6839, section 3.1</a>.</dd>
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<dt>Security considerations:</dt>
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<dd>See [[!RFC7159]]
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<dd>See [[!RFC8259]]
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<p>Since JSON-LD is intended to be a pure data exchange format for
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directed graphs, the serialization SHOULD NOT be passed through a
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code execution mechanism such as JavaScript's <code>eval()</code>

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