[CI] Upgraded Runners to Ubuntu 24.04

Upgraded the GitHub-hosted runners from Ubuntu 22.04 to Ubuntu 24.04.
This ensures that all changes to VTR will work on the most recent
version of Ubuntu (as well as being warning clean).

Removed the prior tests for Ubuntu 24.04.

Added a tests to ensure Ubuntu 22.04 remains warning clean as well.

Author: AlexandreSinger

.github/scripts/install_dependencies.sh

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ sudo apt install -y \
   binutils-gold \
   build-essential \
   capnproto \
-  ament-cmake \
   exuberant-ctags \
   curl \
   doxygen \
@@ -52,10 +51,10 @@ sudo apt install -y \
   gcc-11 \
   g++-12 \
   gcc-12 \
-  clang-11 \
-  clang-12 \
-  clang-13 \
+  g++-13 \
+  gcc-13 \
   clang-14 \
+  clang-18 \
   clang-format-14 \
   libtbb-dev