fix(eslint-plugin): [strict-boolean-expressions] consider assertion function argument a boolean context (#9074)

* [strict-boolean-expressions] Consider assertion function argument a boolean context

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Josh Goldberg ✨ <[email protected]>

* extract to function

* gross tests

* myAssert => assert

* suggestions

* codecov

* no call signatures

* 100% cov

---------

Co-authored-by: Josh Goldberg ✨ <[email protected]>

Author: kirkwaiblinger

Diff for: packages/eslint-plugin/docs/rules/strict-boolean-expressions.mdx

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ The following nodes are considered boolean expressions and their type is checked
 - Operands of logical binary operators (`lhs || rhs` and `lhs && rhs`).
   - Right-hand side operand is ignored when it's not a descendant of another boolean expression.
     This is to allow usage of boolean operators for their short-circuiting behavior.
+- Asserted argument of an assertion function (`assert(arg)`).
 
 ## Examples
 
@@ -55,6 +56,11 @@ let obj = {};
 while (obj) {
   obj = getObj();
 }
+
+// assertion functions without an `is` are boolean contexts.
+declare function assert(value: unknown): asserts value;
+let maybeString = Math.random() > 0.5 ? '' : undefined;
+assert(maybeString);
 ```
 
 </TabItem>

Diff for: packages/eslint-plugin/src/rules/strict-boolean-expressions.ts

@@ -189,6 +189,7 @@ export default createRule<Options, MessageId>({
       WhileStatement: traverseTestExpression,
       'LogicalExpression[operator!="??"]': traverseLogicalExpression,
       'UnaryExpression[operator="!"]': traverseUnaryLogicalExpression,
+      CallExpression: traverseCallExpression,
     };
 
     type TestExpression =
@@ -232,10 +233,139 @@ export default createRule<Options, MessageId>({
       // left argument is always treated as a condition
       traverseNode(node.left, true);
       // if the logical expression is used for control flow,
-      // then it's right argument is used for it's side effects only
+      // then its right argument is used for its side effects only
       traverseNode(node.right, isCondition);
     }
 
+    function traverseCallExpression(node: TSESTree.CallExpression): void {
+      const assertedArgument = findAssertedArgument(node);
+      if (assertedArgument != null) {
+        traverseNode(assertedArgument, true);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inspect a call expression to see if it's a call to an assertion function.
+     * If it is, return the node of the argument that is asserted.
+     */
+    function findAssertedArgument(
+      node: TSESTree.CallExpression,
+    ): TSESTree.Expression | undefined {
+      // If the call looks like `assert(expr1, expr2, ...c, d, e, f)`, then we can
+      // only care if `expr1` or `expr2` is asserted, since anything that happens
+      // within or after a spread argument is out of scope to reason about.
+      const checkableArguments: TSESTree.Expression[] = [];
+      for (const argument of node.arguments) {
+        if (argument.type === AST_NODE_TYPES.SpreadElement) {
+          break;
+        }
+
+        checkableArguments.push(argument);
+      }
+
+      // nothing to do
+      if (checkableArguments.length === 0) {
+        return undefined;
+      }
+
+      // Game plan: we're going to check the type of the callee. If it has call
+      // signatures and they _ALL_ agree that they assert on a parameter at the
+      // _SAME_ position, we'll consider the argument in that position to be an
+      // asserted argument.
+      const calleeType = getConstrainedTypeAtLocation(services, node.callee);
+      const callSignatures = tsutils.getCallSignaturesOfType(calleeType);
+
+      let assertedParameterIndex: number | undefined = undefined;
+      for (const signature of callSignatures) {
+        const declaration = signature.getDeclaration();
+        const returnTypeAnnotation = declaration.type;
+
+        // Be sure we're dealing with a truthiness assertion function.
+        if (
+          !(
+            returnTypeAnnotation != null &&
+            ts.isTypePredicateNode(returnTypeAnnotation) &&
+            // This eliminates things like `x is string` and `asserts x is T`
+            // leaving us with just the `asserts x` cases.
+            returnTypeAnnotation.type == null &&
+            // I think this is redundant but, still, it needs to be true
+            returnTypeAnnotation.assertsModifier != null
+          )
+        ) {
+          return undefined;
+        }
+
+        const assertionTarget = returnTypeAnnotation.parameterName;
+        if (assertionTarget.kind !== ts.SyntaxKind.Identifier) {
+          // This can happen when asserting on `this`. Ignore!
+          return undefined;
+        }
+
+        // If the first parameter is `this`, skip it, so that our index matches
+        // the index of the argument at the call site.
+        const firstParameter = declaration.parameters.at(0);
+        const nonThisParameters =
+          firstParameter?.name.kind === ts.SyntaxKind.Identifier &&
+          firstParameter.name.text === 'this'
+            ? declaration.parameters.slice(1)
+            : declaration.parameters;
+
+        // Don't bother inspecting parameters past the number of
+        // arguments we have at the call site.
+        const checkableNonThisParameters = nonThisParameters.slice(
+          0,
+          checkableArguments.length,
+        );
+
+        let assertedParameterIndexForThisSignature: number | undefined;
+        for (const [index, parameter] of checkableNonThisParameters.entries()) {
+          if (parameter.dotDotDotToken != null) {
+            // Cannot assert a rest parameter, and can't have a rest parameter
+            // before the asserted parameter. It's not only a TS error, it's
+            // not something we can logically make sense of, so give up here.
+            return undefined;
+          }
+
+          if (parameter.name.kind !== ts.SyntaxKind.Identifier) {
+            // Only identifiers are valid for assertion targets, so skip over
+            // anything like `{ destructuring: parameter }: T`
+            continue;
+          }
+
+          // we've found a match between the "target"s in
+          // `function asserts(target: T): asserts target;`
+          if (parameter.name.text === assertionTarget.text) {
+            assertedParameterIndexForThisSignature = index;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (assertedParameterIndexForThisSignature == null) {
+          // Didn't find an assertion target in this signature that could match
+          // the call site.
+          return undefined;
+        }
+
+        if (
+          assertedParameterIndex != null &&
+          assertedParameterIndex !== assertedParameterIndexForThisSignature
+        ) {
+          // The asserted parameter we found for this signature didn't match
+          // previous signatures.
+          return undefined;
+        }
+
+        assertedParameterIndex = assertedParameterIndexForThisSignature;
+      }
+
+      // Didn't find a unique assertion index.
+      if (assertedParameterIndex == null) {
+        return undefined;
+      }
+
+      return checkableArguments[assertedParameterIndex];
+    }
+
     /**
      * Inspects any node.
      *