Auto merge of rust-lang#128742 - RalfJung:miri-vtable-uniqueness, r=saethlin

miri: make vtable addresses not globally unique

Miri currently gives vtables a unique global address. That's not actually matching reality though. So this PR enables Miri to generate different addresses for the same type-trait pair.

To avoid generating an unbounded number of `AllocId` (and consuming unbounded amounts of memory), we use the "salt" technique that we also already use for giving constants non-unique addresses: the cache is keyed on a "salt" value n top of the actually relevant key, and Miri picks a random salt (currently in the range `0..16`) each time it needs to choose an `AllocId` for one of these globals -- that means we'll get up to 16 different addresses for each vtable. The salt scheme is integrated into the global allocation deduplication logic in `tcx`, and also used for functions and string literals. (So this also fixes the problem that casting the same function to a fn ptr over and over will consume unbounded memory.)

r? `@saethlin`
Fixes rust-lang/miri#3737

Author: bors

Diff for: alloc/tests/task.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use alloc::task::{LocalWake, Wake};
 use core::task::{LocalWaker, Waker};
 
 #[test]
-#[cfg_attr(miri, should_panic)] // `will_wake` doesn't guarantee that this test will work, and indeed on Miri it fails
+#[cfg_attr(miri, ignore)] // `will_wake` doesn't guarantee that this test will work, and indeed on Miri it can fail
 fn test_waker_will_wake_clone() {
     struct NoopWaker;
 
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ fn test_waker_will_wake_clone() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-#[cfg_attr(miri, should_panic)] // `will_wake` doesn't guarantee that this test will work, and indeed on Miri it fails
+#[cfg_attr(miri, ignore)] // `will_wake` doesn't guarantee that this test will work, and indeed on Miri it can fail
 fn test_local_waker_will_wake_clone() {
     struct NoopWaker;
 

Diff for: core/tests/ptr.rs

@@ -810,9 +810,12 @@ fn ptr_metadata() {
         assert_ne!(address_1, address_2);
         // Different erased type => different vtable pointer
         assert_ne!(address_2, address_3);
-        // Same erased type and same trait => same vtable pointer
-        assert_eq!(address_3, address_4);
-        assert_eq!(address_3, address_5);
+        // Same erased type and same trait => same vtable pointer.
+        // This is *not guaranteed*, so we skip it in Miri.
+        if !cfg!(miri) {
+            assert_eq!(address_3, address_4);
+            assert_eq!(address_3, address_5);
+        }
     }
 }