test_indexing.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from __future__ import print_function

from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta
from warnings import catch_warnings, simplefilter

import numpy as np
import pytest

from pandas._libs.tslib import iNaT
from pandas.compat import long, lrange, lzip, map, range, zip

from pandas.core.dtypes.common import is_float_dtype, is_integer, is_scalar
from pandas.core.dtypes.dtypes import CategoricalDtype

import pandas as pd
from pandas import (
    Categorical, DataFrame, DatetimeIndex, Index, MultiIndex, Series,
    Timestamp, compat, date_range, isna, notna)
import pandas.core.common as com
from pandas.core.indexing import IndexingError
from pandas.tests.frame.common import TestData
import pandas.util.testing as tm
from pandas.util.testing import (
    assert_almost_equal, assert_frame_equal, assert_series_equal)

from pandas.tseries.offsets import BDay


class TestDataFrameIndexing(TestData):

    def test_getitem(self):
        # Slicing
        sl = self.frame[:20]
        assert len(sl.index) == 20

        # Column access
        for _, series in compat.iteritems(sl):
            assert len(series.index) == 20
            assert tm.equalContents(series.index, sl.index)

        for key, _ in compat.iteritems(self.frame._series):
            assert self.frame[key] is not None

        assert 'random' not in self.frame
        with pytest.raises(KeyError, match='random'):
            self.frame['random']

        df = self.frame.copy()
        df['$10'] = np.random.randn(len(df))

        ad = np.random.randn(len(df))
        df['@awesome_domain'] = ad

        with pytest.raises(KeyError):
            df.__getitem__('df["$10"]')

        res = df['@awesome_domain']
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(ad, res.values)

    def test_getitem_dupe_cols(self):
        df = DataFrame([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], columns=['a', 'a', 'b'])
        with pytest.raises(KeyError):
            df[['baf']]

    def test_get(self):
        b = self.frame.get('B')
        assert_series_equal(b, self.frame['B'])

        assert self.frame.get('foo') is None
        assert_series_equal(self.frame.get('foo', self.frame['B']),
                            self.frame['B'])

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("df", [
        DataFrame(),
        DataFrame(columns=list("AB")),
        DataFrame(columns=list("AB"), index=range(3))
    ])
    def test_get_none(self, df):
        # see gh-5652
        assert df.get(None) is None

    def test_loc_iterable(self):
        idx = iter(['A', 'B', 'C'])
        result = self.frame.loc[:, idx]
        expected = self.frame.loc[:, ['A', 'B', 'C']]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "idx_type",
        [list, iter, Index, set,
         lambda l: dict(zip(l, range(len(l)))),
         lambda l: dict(zip(l, range(len(l)))).keys()],
        ids=["list", "iter", "Index", "set", "dict", "dict_keys"])
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("levels", [1, 2])
    def test_getitem_listlike(self, idx_type, levels):
        # GH 21294

        if levels == 1:
            frame, missing = self.frame, 'food'
        else:
            # MultiIndex columns
            frame = DataFrame(np.random.randn(8, 3),
                              columns=Index([('foo', 'bar'), ('baz', 'qux'),
                                             ('peek', 'aboo')],
                                            name=('sth', 'sth2')))
            missing = ('good', 'food')

        keys = [frame.columns[1], frame.columns[0]]
        idx = idx_type(keys)
        idx_check = list(idx_type(keys))

        result = frame[idx]

        expected = frame.loc[:, idx_check]
        expected.columns.names = frame.columns.names

        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        idx = idx_type(keys + [missing])
        with pytest.raises(KeyError, match='not in index'):
            frame[idx]

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("val,expected", [
        (2**63 - 1, Series([1])),
        (2**63, Series([2])),
    ])
    def test_loc_uint64(self, val, expected):
        # see gh-19399
        df = DataFrame([1, 2], index=[2**63 - 1, 2**63])
        result = df.loc[val]

        expected.name = val
        tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)

    def test_getitem_callable(self):
        # GH 12533
        result = self.frame[lambda x: 'A']
        tm.assert_series_equal(result, self.frame.loc[:, 'A'])

        result = self.frame[lambda x: ['A', 'B']]
        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, self.frame.loc[:, ['A', 'B']])

        df = self.frame[:3]
        result = df[lambda x: [True, False, True]]
        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, self.frame.iloc[[0, 2], :])

    def test_setitem_list(self):

        self.frame['E'] = 'foo'
        data = self.frame[['A', 'B']]
        self.frame[['B', 'A']] = data

        assert_series_equal(self.frame['B'], data['A'], check_names=False)
        assert_series_equal(self.frame['A'], data['B'], check_names=False)

        msg = 'Columns must be same length as key'
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
            data[['A']] = self.frame[['A', 'B']]

        msg = 'Length of values does not match length of index'
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
            data['A'] = range(len(data.index) - 1)

        df = DataFrame(0, lrange(3), ['tt1', 'tt2'], dtype=np.int_)
        df.loc[1, ['tt1', 'tt2']] = [1, 2]

        result = df.loc[df.index[1], ['tt1', 'tt2']]
        expected = Series([1, 2], df.columns, dtype=np.int_, name=1)
        assert_series_equal(result, expected)

        df['tt1'] = df['tt2'] = '0'
        df.loc[df.index[1], ['tt1', 'tt2']] = ['1', '2']
        result = df.loc[df.index[1], ['tt1', 'tt2']]
        expected = Series(['1', '2'], df.columns, name=1)
        assert_series_equal(result, expected)

    def test_setitem_list_not_dataframe(self):
        data = np.random.randn(len(self.frame), 2)
        self.frame[['A', 'B']] = data
        assert_almost_equal(self.frame[['A', 'B']].values, data)

    def test_setitem_list_of_tuples(self):
        tuples = lzip(self.frame['A'], self.frame['B'])
        self.frame['tuples'] = tuples

        result = self.frame['tuples']
        expected = Series(tuples, index=self.frame.index, name='tuples')
        assert_series_equal(result, expected)

    def test_setitem_mulit_index(self):
        # GH7655, test that assigning to a sub-frame of a frame
        # with multi-index columns aligns both rows and columns
        it = ['jim', 'joe', 'jolie'], ['first', 'last'], \
             ['left', 'center', 'right']

        cols = MultiIndex.from_product(it)
        index = pd.date_range('20141006', periods=20)
        vals = np.random.randint(1, 1000, (len(index), len(cols)))
        df = pd.DataFrame(vals, columns=cols, index=index)

        i, j = df.index.values.copy(), it[-1][:]

        np.random.shuffle(i)
        df['jim'] = df['jolie'].loc[i, ::-1]
        assert_frame_equal(df['jim'], df['jolie'])

        np.random.shuffle(j)
        df[('joe', 'first')] = df[('jolie', 'last')].loc[i, j]
        assert_frame_equal(df[('joe', 'first')], df[('jolie', 'last')])

        np.random.shuffle(j)
        df[('joe', 'last')] = df[('jolie', 'first')].loc[i, j]
        assert_frame_equal(df[('joe', 'last')], df[('jolie', 'first')])

    def test_setitem_callable(self):
        # GH 12533
        df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3, 4], 'B': [5, 6, 7, 8]})
        df[lambda x: 'A'] = [11, 12, 13, 14]

        exp = pd.DataFrame({'A': [11, 12, 13, 14], 'B': [5, 6, 7, 8]})
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp)

    def test_setitem_other_callable(self):
        # GH 13299
        def inc(x):
            return x + 1

        df = pd.DataFrame([[-1, 1], [1, -1]])
        df[df > 0] = inc

        expected = pd.DataFrame([[-1, inc], [inc, -1]])
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)

    def test_getitem_boolean(self):
        # boolean indexing
        d = self.tsframe.index[10]
        indexer = self.tsframe.index > d
        indexer_obj = indexer.astype(object)

        subindex = self.tsframe.index[indexer]
        subframe = self.tsframe[indexer]

        tm.assert_index_equal(subindex, subframe.index)
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='Item wrong length'):
            self.tsframe[indexer[:-1]]

        subframe_obj = self.tsframe[indexer_obj]
        assert_frame_equal(subframe_obj, subframe)

        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='boolean values only'):
            self.tsframe[self.tsframe]

        # test that Series work
        indexer_obj = Series(indexer_obj, self.tsframe.index)

        subframe_obj = self.tsframe[indexer_obj]
        assert_frame_equal(subframe_obj, subframe)

        # test that Series indexers reindex
        # we are producing a warning that since the passed boolean
        # key is not the same as the given index, we will reindex
        # not sure this is really necessary
        with tm.assert_produces_warning(UserWarning, check_stacklevel=False):
            indexer_obj = indexer_obj.reindex(self.tsframe.index[::-1])
            subframe_obj = self.tsframe[indexer_obj]
            assert_frame_equal(subframe_obj, subframe)

        # test df[df > 0]
        for df in [self.tsframe, self.mixed_frame,
                   self.mixed_float, self.mixed_int]:
            if compat.PY3 and df is self.mixed_frame:
                continue

            data = df._get_numeric_data()
            bif = df[df > 0]
            bifw = DataFrame({c: np.where(data[c] > 0, data[c], np.nan)
                              for c in data.columns},
                             index=data.index, columns=data.columns)

            # add back other columns to compare
            for c in df.columns:
                if c not in bifw:
                    bifw[c] = df[c]
            bifw = bifw.reindex(columns=df.columns)

            assert_frame_equal(bif, bifw, check_dtype=False)
            for c in df.columns:
                if bif[c].dtype != bifw[c].dtype:
                    assert bif[c].dtype == df[c].dtype

    def test_getitem_boolean_casting(self):

        # don't upcast if we don't need to
        df = self.tsframe.copy()
        df['E'] = 1
        df['E'] = df['E'].astype('int32')
        df['E1'] = df['E'].copy()
        df['F'] = 1
        df['F'] = df['F'].astype('int64')
        df['F1'] = df['F'].copy()

        casted = df[df > 0]
        result = casted.get_dtype_counts()
        expected = Series({'float64': 4, 'int32': 2, 'int64': 2})
        assert_series_equal(result, expected)

        # int block splitting
        df.loc[df.index[1:3], ['E1', 'F1']] = 0
        casted = df[df > 0]
        result = casted.get_dtype_counts()
        expected = Series({'float64': 6, 'int32': 1, 'int64': 1})
        assert_series_equal(result, expected)

        # where dtype conversions
        # GH 3733
        df = DataFrame(data=np.random.randn(100, 50))
        df = df.where(df > 0)  # create nans
        bools = df > 0
        mask = isna(df)
        expected = bools.astype(float).mask(mask)
        result = bools.mask(mask)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    def test_getitem_boolean_list(self):
        df = DataFrame(np.arange(12).reshape(3, 4))

        def _checkit(lst):
            result = df[lst]
            expected = df.loc[df.index[lst]]
            assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        _checkit([True, False, True])
        _checkit([True, True, True])
        _checkit([False, False, False])

    def test_getitem_boolean_iadd(self):
        arr = np.random.randn(5, 5)

        df = DataFrame(arr.copy(), columns=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'])

        df[df < 0] += 1
        arr[arr < 0] += 1

        assert_almost_equal(df.values, arr)

    def test_boolean_index_empty_corner(self):
        # #2096
        blah = DataFrame(np.empty([0, 1]), columns=['A'],
                         index=DatetimeIndex([]))

        # both of these should succeed trivially
        k = np.array([], bool)

        blah[k]
        blah[k] = 0

    def test_getitem_ix_mixed_integer(self):
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(4, 3),
                       index=[1, 10, 'C', 'E'], columns=[1, 2, 3])

        result = df.iloc[:-1]
        expected = df.loc[df.index[:-1]]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            result = df.ix[[1, 10]]
            expected = df.ix[Index([1, 10], dtype=object)]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        # 11320
        df = pd.DataFrame({"rna": (1.5, 2.2, 3.2, 4.5),
                           -1000: [11, 21, 36, 40],
                           0: [10, 22, 43, 34],
                           1000: [0, 10, 20, 30]},
                          columns=['rna', -1000, 0, 1000])
        result = df[[1000]]
        expected = df.iloc[:, [3]]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
        result = df[[-1000]]
        expected = df.iloc[:, [1]]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    def test_getitem_setitem_ix_negative_integers(self):
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            result = self.frame.ix[:, -1]
        assert_series_equal(result, self.frame['D'])

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            result = self.frame.ix[:, [-1]]
        assert_frame_equal(result, self.frame[['D']])

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            result = self.frame.ix[:, [-1, -2]]
        assert_frame_equal(result, self.frame[['D', 'C']])

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            self.frame.ix[:, [-1]] = 0
        assert (self.frame['D'] == 0).all()

        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(8, 4))
        # ix does label-based indexing when having an integer index
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            with pytest.raises(KeyError):
                df.ix[[-1]]

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            with pytest.raises(KeyError):
                df.ix[:, [-1]]

        # #1942
        a = DataFrame(np.random.randn(20, 2),
                      index=[chr(x + 65) for x in range(20)])
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            a.ix[-1] = a.ix[-2]

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            assert_series_equal(a.ix[-1], a.ix[-2], check_names=False)
            assert a.ix[-1].name == 'T'
            assert a.ix[-2].name == 'S'

    def test_getattr(self):
        assert_series_equal(self.frame.A, self.frame['A'])
        pytest.raises(AttributeError, getattr, self.frame,
                      'NONEXISTENT_NAME')

    def test_setattr_column(self):
        df = DataFrame({'foobar': 1}, index=lrange(10))

        df.foobar = 5
        assert (df.foobar == 5).all()

    def test_setitem(self):
        # not sure what else to do here
        series = self.frame['A'][::2]
        self.frame['col5'] = series
        assert 'col5' in self.frame

        assert len(series) == 15
        assert len(self.frame) == 30

        exp = np.ravel(np.column_stack((series.values, [np.nan] * 15)))
        exp = Series(exp, index=self.frame.index, name='col5')
        tm.assert_series_equal(self.frame['col5'], exp)

        series = self.frame['A']
        self.frame['col6'] = series
        tm.assert_series_equal(series, self.frame['col6'], check_names=False)

        with pytest.raises(KeyError):
            self.frame[np.random.randn(len(self.frame) + 1)] = 1

        # set ndarray
        arr = np.random.randn(len(self.frame))
        self.frame['col9'] = arr
        assert (self.frame['col9'] == arr).all()

        self.frame['col7'] = 5
        assert((self.frame['col7'] == 5).all())

        self.frame['col0'] = 3.14
        assert((self.frame['col0'] == 3.14).all())

        self.frame['col8'] = 'foo'
        assert((self.frame['col8'] == 'foo').all())

        # this is partially a view (e.g. some blocks are view)
        # so raise/warn
        smaller = self.frame[:2]

        with pytest.raises(com.SettingWithCopyError):
            smaller['col10'] = ['1', '2']

        assert smaller['col10'].dtype == np.object_
        assert (smaller['col10'] == ['1', '2']).all()

        # dtype changing GH4204
        df = DataFrame([[0, 0]])
        df.iloc[0] = np.nan
        expected = DataFrame([[np.nan, np.nan]])
        assert_frame_equal(df, expected)

        df = DataFrame([[0, 0]])
        df.loc[0] = np.nan
        assert_frame_equal(df, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", ["int32", "int64", "float32", "float64"])
    def test_setitem_dtype(self, dtype):
        arr = np.random.randn(len(self.frame))

        self.frame[dtype] = np.array(arr, dtype=dtype)
        assert self.frame[dtype].dtype.name == dtype

    def test_setitem_tuple(self):
        self.frame['A', 'B'] = self.frame['A']
        assert_series_equal(self.frame['A', 'B'], self.frame[
                            'A'], check_names=False)

    def test_setitem_always_copy(self):
        s = self.frame['A'].copy()
        self.frame['E'] = s

        self.frame['E'][5:10] = np.nan
        assert notna(s[5:10]).all()

    def test_setitem_boolean(self):
        df = self.frame.copy()
        values = self.frame.values

        df[df['A'] > 0] = 4
        values[values[:, 0] > 0] = 4
        assert_almost_equal(df.values, values)

        # test that column reindexing works
        series = df['A'] == 4
        series = series.reindex(df.index[::-1])
        df[series] = 1
        values[values[:, 0] == 4] = 1
        assert_almost_equal(df.values, values)

        df[df > 0] = 5
        values[values > 0] = 5
        assert_almost_equal(df.values, values)

        df[df == 5] = 0
        values[values == 5] = 0
        assert_almost_equal(df.values, values)

        # a df that needs alignment first
        df[df[:-1] < 0] = 2
        np.putmask(values[:-1], values[:-1] < 0, 2)
        assert_almost_equal(df.values, values)

        # indexed with same shape but rows-reversed df
        df[df[::-1] == 2] = 3
        values[values == 2] = 3
        assert_almost_equal(df.values, values)

        msg = "Must pass DataFrame or 2-d ndarray with boolean values only"
        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
            df[df * 0] = 2

        # index with DataFrame
        mask = df > np.abs(df)
        expected = df.copy()
        df[df > np.abs(df)] = np.nan
        expected.values[mask.values] = np.nan
        assert_frame_equal(df, expected)

        # set from DataFrame
        expected = df.copy()
        df[df > np.abs(df)] = df * 2
        np.putmask(expected.values, mask.values, df.values * 2)
        assert_frame_equal(df, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "mask_type",
        [lambda df: df > np.abs(df) / 2,
         lambda df: (df > np.abs(df) / 2).values],
        ids=['dataframe', 'array'])
    def test_setitem_boolean_mask(self, mask_type):

        # Test for issue #18582
        df = self.frame.copy()
        mask = mask_type(df)

        # index with boolean mask
        result = df.copy()
        result[mask] = np.nan

        expected = df.copy()
        expected.values[np.array(mask)] = np.nan
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    def test_setitem_cast(self):
        self.frame['D'] = self.frame['D'].astype('i8')
        assert self.frame['D'].dtype == np.int64

        # #669, should not cast?
        # this is now set to int64, which means a replacement of the column to
        # the value dtype (and nothing to do with the existing dtype)
        self.frame['B'] = 0
        assert self.frame['B'].dtype == np.int64

        # cast if pass array of course
        self.frame['B'] = np.arange(len(self.frame))
        assert issubclass(self.frame['B'].dtype.type, np.integer)

        self.frame['foo'] = 'bar'
        self.frame['foo'] = 0
        assert self.frame['foo'].dtype == np.int64

        self.frame['foo'] = 'bar'
        self.frame['foo'] = 2.5
        assert self.frame['foo'].dtype == np.float64

        self.frame['something'] = 0
        assert self.frame['something'].dtype == np.int64
        self.frame['something'] = 2
        assert self.frame['something'].dtype == np.int64
        self.frame['something'] = 2.5
        assert self.frame['something'].dtype == np.float64

        # GH 7704
        # dtype conversion on setting
        df = DataFrame(np.random.rand(30, 3), columns=tuple('ABC'))
        df['event'] = np.nan
        df.loc[10, 'event'] = 'foo'
        result = df.get_dtype_counts().sort_values()
        expected = Series({'float64': 3, 'object': 1}).sort_values()
        assert_series_equal(result, expected)

        # Test that data type is preserved . #5782
        df = DataFrame({'one': np.arange(6, dtype=np.int8)})
        df.loc[1, 'one'] = 6
        assert df.dtypes.one == np.dtype(np.int8)
        df.one = np.int8(7)
        assert df.dtypes.one == np.dtype(np.int8)

    def test_setitem_boolean_column(self):
        expected = self.frame.copy()
        mask = self.frame['A'] > 0

        self.frame.loc[mask, 'B'] = 0
        expected.values[mask.values, 1] = 0

        assert_frame_equal(self.frame, expected)

    def test_frame_setitem_timestamp(self):
        # GH#2155
        columns = date_range(start='1/1/2012', end='2/1/2012', freq=BDay())
        index = lrange(10)
        data = DataFrame(columns=columns, index=index)
        t = datetime(2012, 11, 1)
        ts = Timestamp(t)
        data[ts] = np.nan  # works, mostly a smoke-test
        assert np.isnan(data[ts]).all()

    def test_setitem_corner(self):
        # corner case
        df = DataFrame({'B': [1., 2., 3.],
                        'C': ['a', 'b', 'c']},
                       index=np.arange(3))
        del df['B']
        df['B'] = [1., 2., 3.]
        assert 'B' in df
        assert len(df.columns) == 2

        df['A'] = 'beginning'
        df['E'] = 'foo'
        df['D'] = 'bar'
        df[datetime.now()] = 'date'
        df[datetime.now()] = 5.

        # what to do when empty frame with index
        dm = DataFrame(index=self.frame.index)
        dm['A'] = 'foo'
        dm['B'] = 'bar'
        assert len(dm.columns) == 2
        assert dm.values.dtype == np.object_

        # upcast
        dm['C'] = 1
        assert dm['C'].dtype == np.int64

        dm['E'] = 1.
        assert dm['E'].dtype == np.float64

        # set existing column
        dm['A'] = 'bar'
        assert 'bar' == dm['A'][0]

        dm = DataFrame(index=np.arange(3))
        dm['A'] = 1
        dm['foo'] = 'bar'
        del dm['foo']
        dm['foo'] = 'bar'
        assert dm['foo'].dtype == np.object_

        dm['coercable'] = ['1', '2', '3']
        assert dm['coercable'].dtype == np.object_

    def test_setitem_corner2(self):
        data = {"title": ['foobar', 'bar', 'foobar'] + ['foobar'] * 17,
                "cruft": np.random.random(20)}

        df = DataFrame(data)
        ix = df[df['title'] == 'bar'].index

        df.loc[ix, ['title']] = 'foobar'
        df.loc[ix, ['cruft']] = 0

        assert df.loc[1, 'title'] == 'foobar'
        assert df.loc[1, 'cruft'] == 0

    def test_setitem_ambig(self):
        # Difficulties with mixed-type data
        from decimal import Decimal

        # Created as float type
        dm = DataFrame(index=lrange(3), columns=lrange(3))

        coercable_series = Series([Decimal(1) for _ in range(3)],
                                  index=lrange(3))
        uncoercable_series = Series(['foo', 'bzr', 'baz'], index=lrange(3))

        dm[0] = np.ones(3)
        assert len(dm.columns) == 3

        dm[1] = coercable_series
        assert len(dm.columns) == 3

        dm[2] = uncoercable_series
        assert len(dm.columns) == 3
        assert dm[2].dtype == np.object_

    def test_setitem_clear_caches(self):
        # see gh-304
        df = DataFrame({'x': [1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1], 'y': [5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1]},
                       index=[0, 1, 2, 3])
        df.insert(2, 'z', np.nan)

        # cache it
        foo = df['z']
        df.loc[df.index[2:], 'z'] = 42

        expected = Series([np.nan, np.nan, 42, 42], index=df.index, name='z')

        assert df['z'] is not foo
        tm.assert_series_equal(df['z'], expected)

    def test_setitem_None(self):
        # GH #766
        self.frame[None] = self.frame['A']
        assert_series_equal(
            self.frame.iloc[:, -1], self.frame['A'], check_names=False)
        assert_series_equal(self.frame.loc[:, None], self.frame[
                            'A'], check_names=False)
        assert_series_equal(self.frame[None], self.frame[
                            'A'], check_names=False)
        repr(self.frame)

    def test_setitem_empty(self):
        # GH 9596
        df = pd.DataFrame({'a': ['1', '2', '3'],
                           'b': ['11', '22', '33'],
                           'c': ['111', '222', '333']})

        result = df.copy()
        result.loc[result.b.isna(), 'a'] = result.a
        assert_frame_equal(result, df)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", ["float", "int64"])
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("kwargs", [
        dict(),
        dict(index=[1]),
        dict(columns=["A"])
    ])
    def test_setitem_empty_frame_with_boolean(self, dtype, kwargs):
        # see gh-10126
        kwargs["dtype"] = dtype
        df = DataFrame(**kwargs)

        df2 = df.copy()
        df[df > df2] = 47
        assert_frame_equal(df, df2)

    def test_setitem_scalars_no_index(self):
        # GH16823 / 17894
        df = DataFrame()
        df['foo'] = 1
        expected = DataFrame(columns=['foo']).astype(np.int64)
        assert_frame_equal(df, expected)

    def test_getitem_empty_frame_with_boolean(self):
        # Test for issue #11859

        df = pd.DataFrame()
        df2 = df[df > 0]
        assert_frame_equal(df, df2)

    def test_delitem_corner(self):
        f = self.frame.copy()
        del f['D']
        assert len(f.columns) == 3
        pytest.raises(KeyError, f.__delitem__, 'D')
        del f['B']
        assert len(f.columns) == 2

    def test_getitem_fancy_2d(self):
        f = self.frame

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            assert_frame_equal(f.ix[:, ['B', 'A']],
                               f.reindex(columns=['B', 'A']))

        subidx = self.frame.index[[5, 4, 1]]
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            assert_frame_equal(f.ix[subidx, ['B', 'A']],
                               f.reindex(index=subidx, columns=['B', 'A']))

        # slicing rows, etc.
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            assert_frame_equal(f.ix[5:10], f[5:10])
            assert_frame_equal(f.ix[5:10, :], f[5:10])
            assert_frame_equal(f.ix[:5, ['A', 'B']],
                               f.reindex(index=f.index[:5],
                                         columns=['A', 'B']))

        # slice rows with labels, inclusive!
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            expected = f.ix[5:11]
            result = f.ix[f.index[5]:f.index[10]]
        assert_frame_equal(expected, result)

        # slice columns
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            assert_frame_equal(f.ix[:, :2], f.reindex(columns=['A', 'B']))

        # get view
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            exp = f.copy()
            f.ix[5:10].values[:] = 5
            exp.values[5:10] = 5
            assert_frame_equal(f, exp)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            pytest.raises(ValueError, f.ix.__getitem__, f > 0.5)

    def test_slice_floats(self):
        index = [52195.504153, 52196.303147, 52198.369883]
        df = DataFrame(np.random.rand(3, 2), index=index)

        s1 = df.loc[52195.1:52196.5]
        assert len(s1) == 2

        s1 = df.loc[52195.1:52196.6]
        assert len(s1) == 2

        s1 = df.loc[52195.1:52198.9]
        assert len(s1) == 3

    def test_getitem_fancy_slice_integers_step(self):
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(10, 5))

        # this is OK
        result = df.iloc[:8:2]  # noqa
        df.iloc[:8:2] = np.nan
        assert isna(df.iloc[:8:2]).values.all()

    def test_getitem_setitem_integer_slice_keyerrors(self):
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(10, 5), index=lrange(0, 20, 2))

        # this is OK
        cp = df.copy()
        cp.iloc[4:10] = 0
        assert (cp.iloc[4:10] == 0).values.all()

        # so is this
        cp = df.copy()
        cp.iloc[3:11] = 0
        assert (cp.iloc[3:11] == 0).values.all()

        result = df.iloc[2:6]
        result2 = df.loc[3:11]
        expected = df.reindex([4, 6, 8, 10])

        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
        assert_frame_equal(result2, expected)

        # non-monotonic, raise KeyError
        df2 = df.iloc[lrange(5) + lrange(5, 10)[::-1]]
        pytest.raises(KeyError, df2.loc.__getitem__, slice(3, 11))
        pytest.raises(KeyError, df2.loc.__setitem__, slice(3, 11), 0)

    def test_setitem_fancy_2d(self):

        # case 1
        frame = self.frame.copy()
        expected = frame.copy()

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            frame.ix[:, ['B', 'A']] = 1
        expected['B'] = 1.
        expected['A'] = 1.
        assert_frame_equal(frame, expected)

        # case 2
        frame = self.frame.copy()
        frame2 = self.frame.copy()

        expected = frame.copy()

        subidx = self.frame.index[[5, 4, 1]]
        values = np.random.randn(3, 2)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            frame.ix[subidx, ['B', 'A']] = values
            frame2.ix[[5, 4, 1], ['B', 'A']] = values

            expected['B'].ix[subidx] = values[:, 0]
            expected['A'].ix[subidx] = values[:, 1]

        assert_frame_equal(frame, expected)
        assert_frame_equal(frame2, expected)

        # case 3: slicing rows, etc.
        frame = self.frame.copy()

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            expected1 = self.frame.copy()
            frame.ix[5:10] = 1.
            expected1.values[5:10] = 1.
        assert_frame_equal(frame, expected1)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            expected2 = self.frame.copy()
            arr = np.random.randn(5, len(frame.columns))
            frame.ix[5:10] = arr
            expected2.values[5:10] = arr
        assert_frame_equal(frame, expected2)

        # case 4
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            frame = self.frame.copy()
            frame.ix[5:10, :] = 1.
            assert_frame_equal(frame, expected1)
            frame.ix[5:10, :] = arr
        assert_frame_equal(frame, expected2)

        # case 5
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            frame = self.frame.copy()
            frame2 = self.frame.copy()

            expected = self.frame.copy()
            values = np.random.randn(5, 2)

            frame.ix[:5, ['A', 'B']] = values
            expected['A'][:5] = values[:, 0]
            expected['B'][:5] = values[:, 1]
        assert_frame_equal(frame, expected)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            frame2.ix[:5, [0, 1]] = values
        assert_frame_equal(frame2, expected)

        # case 6: slice rows with labels, inclusive!
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            frame = self.frame.copy()
            expected = self.frame.copy()

            frame.ix[frame.index[5]:frame.index[10]] = 5.
            expected.values[5:11] = 5
        assert_frame_equal(frame, expected)

        # case 7: slice columns
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            frame = self.frame.copy()
            frame2 = self.frame.copy()
            expected = self.frame.copy()

            # slice indices
            frame.ix[:, 1:3] = 4.
            expected.values[:, 1:3] = 4.
            assert_frame_equal(frame, expected)

            # slice with labels
            frame.ix[:, 'B':'C'] = 4.
            assert_frame_equal(frame, expected)

        # new corner case of boolean slicing / setting
        frame = DataFrame(lzip([2, 3, 9, 6, 7], [np.nan] * 5),
                          columns=['a', 'b'])
        lst = [100]
        lst.extend([np.nan] * 4)
        expected = DataFrame(lzip([100, 3, 9, 6, 7], lst),
                             columns=['a', 'b'])
        frame[frame['a'] == 2] = 100
        assert_frame_equal(frame, expected)

    def test_fancy_getitem_slice_mixed(self):
        sliced = self.mixed_frame.iloc[:, -3:]
        assert sliced['D'].dtype == np.float64

        # get view with single block
        # setting it triggers setting with copy
        sliced = self.frame.iloc[:, -3:]

        with pytest.raises(com.SettingWithCopyError):
            sliced['C'] = 4.

        assert (self.frame['C'] == 4).all()

    def test_fancy_setitem_int_labels(self):
        # integer index defers to label-based indexing

        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(10, 5), index=np.arange(0, 20, 2))

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            tmp = df.copy()
            exp = df.copy()
            tmp.ix[[0, 2, 4]] = 5
            exp.values[:3] = 5
        assert_frame_equal(tmp, exp)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            tmp = df.copy()
            exp = df.copy()
            tmp.ix[6] = 5
            exp.values[3] = 5
        assert_frame_equal(tmp, exp)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            tmp = df.copy()
            exp = df.copy()
            tmp.ix[:, 2] = 5

        # tmp correctly sets the dtype
        # so match the exp way
        exp[2] = 5
        assert_frame_equal(tmp, exp)

    def test_fancy_getitem_int_labels(self):
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(10, 5), index=np.arange(0, 20, 2))

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            result = df.ix[[4, 2, 0], [2, 0]]
            expected = df.reindex(index=[4, 2, 0], columns=[2, 0])
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            result = df.ix[[4, 2, 0]]
            expected = df.reindex(index=[4, 2, 0])
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            result = df.ix[4]
            expected = df.xs(4)
        assert_series_equal(result, expected)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            result = df.ix[:, 3]
            expected = df[3]
        assert_series_equal(result, expected)

    def test_fancy_index_int_labels_exceptions(self):
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(10, 5), index=np.arange(0, 20, 2))

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)

            # labels that aren't contained
            pytest.raises(KeyError, df.ix.__setitem__,
                          ([0, 1, 2], [2, 3, 4]), 5)

            # try to set indices not contained in frame
            pytest.raises(KeyError, self.frame.ix.__setitem__,
                          ['foo', 'bar', 'baz'], 1)
            pytest.raises(KeyError, self.frame.ix.__setitem__,
                          (slice(None, None), ['E']), 1)

            # partial setting now allows this GH2578
            # pytest.raises(KeyError, self.frame.ix.__setitem__,
            #               (slice(None, None), 'E'), 1)

    def test_setitem_fancy_mixed_2d(self):

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            self.mixed_frame.ix[:5, ['C', 'B', 'A']] = 5
            result = self.mixed_frame.ix[:5, ['C', 'B', 'A']]
            assert (result.values == 5).all()

            self.mixed_frame.ix[5] = np.nan
            assert isna(self.mixed_frame.ix[5]).all()

            self.mixed_frame.ix[5] = self.mixed_frame.ix[6]
            assert_series_equal(self.mixed_frame.ix[5], self.mixed_frame.ix[6],
                                check_names=False)

        # #1432
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            df = DataFrame({1: [1., 2., 3.],
                            2: [3, 4, 5]})
            assert df._is_mixed_type

            df.ix[1] = [5, 10]

            expected = DataFrame({1: [1., 5., 3.],
                                  2: [3, 10, 5]})

            assert_frame_equal(df, expected)

    def test_ix_align(self):
        b = Series(np.random.randn(10), name=0).sort_values()
        df_orig = DataFrame(np.random.randn(10, 4))
        df = df_orig.copy()

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            df.ix[:, 0] = b
            assert_series_equal(df.ix[:, 0].reindex(b.index), b)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            dft = df_orig.T
            dft.ix[0, :] = b
            assert_series_equal(dft.ix[0, :].reindex(b.index), b)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            df = df_orig.copy()
            df.ix[:5, 0] = b
            s = df.ix[:5, 0]
            assert_series_equal(s, b.reindex(s.index))

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            dft = df_orig.T
            dft.ix[0, :5] = b
            s = dft.ix[0, :5]
            assert_series_equal(s, b.reindex(s.index))

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            df = df_orig.copy()
            idx = [0, 1, 3, 5]
            df.ix[idx, 0] = b
            s = df.ix[idx, 0]
            assert_series_equal(s, b.reindex(s.index))

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            dft = df_orig.T
            dft.ix[0, idx] = b
            s = dft.ix[0, idx]
            assert_series_equal(s, b.reindex(s.index))

    def test_ix_frame_align(self):
        b = DataFrame(np.random.randn(3, 4))
        df_orig = DataFrame(np.random.randn(10, 4))
        df = df_orig.copy()

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            df.ix[:3] = b
            out = b.ix[:3]
            assert_frame_equal(out, b)

        b.sort_index(inplace=True)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            df = df_orig.copy()
            df.ix[[0, 1, 2]] = b
            out = df.ix[[0, 1, 2]].reindex(b.index)
            assert_frame_equal(out, b)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            df = df_orig.copy()
            df.ix[:3] = b
            out = df.ix[:3]
            assert_frame_equal(out, b.reindex(out.index))

    def test_getitem_setitem_non_ix_labels(self):
        df = tm.makeTimeDataFrame()

        start, end = df.index[[5, 10]]

        result = df.loc[start:end]
        result2 = df[start:end]
        expected = df[5:11]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
        assert_frame_equal(result2, expected)

        result = df.copy()
        result.loc[start:end] = 0
        result2 = df.copy()
        result2[start:end] = 0
        expected = df.copy()
        expected[5:11] = 0
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
        assert_frame_equal(result2, expected)

    def test_ix_multi_take(self):
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(3, 2))
        rs = df.loc[df.index == 0, :]
        xp = df.reindex([0])
        assert_frame_equal(rs, xp)

        """ #1321
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(3, 2))
        rs = df.loc[df.index==0, df.columns==1]
        xp = df.reindex([0], [1])
        assert_frame_equal(rs, xp)
        """

    def test_ix_multi_take_nonint_index(self):
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(3, 2), index=['x', 'y', 'z'],
                       columns=['a', 'b'])
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            rs = df.ix[[0], [0]]
        xp = df.reindex(['x'], columns=['a'])
        assert_frame_equal(rs, xp)

    def test_ix_multi_take_multiindex(self):
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(3, 2), index=['x', 'y', 'z'],
                       columns=[['a', 'b'], ['1', '2']])
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            rs = df.ix[[0], [0]]
        xp = df.reindex(['x'], columns=[('a', '1')])
        assert_frame_equal(rs, xp)

    def test_ix_dup(self):
        idx = Index(['a', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'd'])
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(len(idx), 3), idx)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            sub = df.ix[:'d']
            assert_frame_equal(sub, df)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            sub = df.ix['a':'c']
            assert_frame_equal(sub, df.ix[0:4])

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            sub = df.ix['b':'d']
            assert_frame_equal(sub, df.ix[2:])

    def test_getitem_fancy_1d(self):
        f = self.frame

        # return self if no slicing...for now
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            assert f.ix[:, :] is f

        # low dimensional slice
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            xs1 = f.ix[2, ['C', 'B', 'A']]
        xs2 = f.xs(f.index[2]).reindex(['C', 'B', 'A'])
        tm.assert_series_equal(xs1, xs2)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            ts1 = f.ix[5:10, 2]
        ts2 = f[f.columns[2]][5:10]
        tm.assert_series_equal(ts1, ts2)

        # positional xs
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            xs1 = f.ix[0]
        xs2 = f.xs(f.index[0])
        tm.assert_series_equal(xs1, xs2)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            xs1 = f.ix[f.index[5]]
        xs2 = f.xs(f.index[5])
        tm.assert_series_equal(xs1, xs2)

        # single column
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            assert_series_equal(f.ix[:, 'A'], f['A'])

        # return view
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            exp = f.copy()
            exp.values[5] = 4
            f.ix[5][:] = 4
        tm.assert_frame_equal(exp, f)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            exp.values[:, 1] = 6
            f.ix[:, 1][:] = 6
        tm.assert_frame_equal(exp, f)

        # slice of mixed-frame
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            xs = self.mixed_frame.ix[5]
        exp = self.mixed_frame.xs(self.mixed_frame.index[5])
        tm.assert_series_equal(xs, exp)

    def test_setitem_fancy_1d(self):

        # case 1: set cross-section for indices
        frame = self.frame.copy()
        expected = self.frame.copy()

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            frame.ix[2, ['C', 'B', 'A']] = [1., 2., 3.]
        expected['C'][2] = 1.
        expected['B'][2] = 2.
        expected['A'][2] = 3.
        assert_frame_equal(frame, expected)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            frame2 = self.frame.copy()
            frame2.ix[2, [3, 2, 1]] = [1., 2., 3.]
        assert_frame_equal(frame, expected)

        # case 2, set a section of a column
        frame = self.frame.copy()
        expected = self.frame.copy()

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            vals = np.random.randn(5)
            expected.values[5:10, 2] = vals
            frame.ix[5:10, 2] = vals
        assert_frame_equal(frame, expected)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            frame2 = self.frame.copy()
            frame2.ix[5:10, 'B'] = vals
        assert_frame_equal(frame, expected)

        # case 3: full xs
        frame = self.frame.copy()
        expected = self.frame.copy()

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            frame.ix[4] = 5.
            expected.values[4] = 5.
        assert_frame_equal(frame, expected)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            frame.ix[frame.index[4]] = 6.
            expected.values[4] = 6.
        assert_frame_equal(frame, expected)

        # single column
        frame = self.frame.copy()
        expected = self.frame.copy()

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            frame.ix[:, 'A'] = 7.
            expected['A'] = 7.
        assert_frame_equal(frame, expected)

    def test_getitem_fancy_scalar(self):
        f = self.frame
        ix = f.loc

        # individual value
        for col in f.columns:
            ts = f[col]
            for idx in f.index[::5]:
                assert ix[idx, col] == ts[idx]

    def test_setitem_fancy_scalar(self):
        f = self.frame
        expected = self.frame.copy()
        ix = f.loc

        # individual value
        for j, col in enumerate(f.columns):
            ts = f[col]  # noqa
            for idx in f.index[::5]:
                i = f.index.get_loc(idx)
                val = np.random.randn()
                expected.values[i, j] = val

                ix[idx, col] = val
                assert_frame_equal(f, expected)

    def test_getitem_fancy_boolean(self):
        f = self.frame
        ix = f.loc

        expected = f.reindex(columns=['B', 'D'])
        result = ix[:, [False, True, False, True]]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        expected = f.reindex(index=f.index[5:10], columns=['B', 'D'])
        result = ix[f.index[5:10], [False, True, False, True]]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        boolvec = f.index > f.index[7]
        expected = f.reindex(index=f.index[boolvec])
        result = ix[boolvec]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
        result = ix[boolvec, :]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        result = ix[boolvec, f.columns[2:]]
        expected = f.reindex(index=f.index[boolvec],
                             columns=['C', 'D'])
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    def test_setitem_fancy_boolean(self):
        # from 2d, set with booleans
        frame = self.frame.copy()
        expected = self.frame.copy()

        mask = frame['A'] > 0
        frame.loc[mask] = 0.
        expected.values[mask.values] = 0.
        assert_frame_equal(frame, expected)

        frame = self.frame.copy()
        expected = self.frame.copy()
        frame.loc[mask, ['A', 'B']] = 0.
        expected.values[mask.values, :2] = 0.
        assert_frame_equal(frame, expected)

    def test_getitem_fancy_ints(self):
        result = self.frame.iloc[[1, 4, 7]]
        expected = self.frame.loc[self.frame.index[[1, 4, 7]]]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        result = self.frame.iloc[:, [2, 0, 1]]
        expected = self.frame.loc[:, self.frame.columns[[2, 0, 1]]]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    def test_getitem_setitem_fancy_exceptions(self):
        ix = self.frame.iloc
        with pytest.raises(IndexingError, match='Too many indexers'):
            ix[:, :, :]

        with pytest.raises(IndexingError):
            ix[:, :, :] = 1

    def test_getitem_setitem_boolean_misaligned(self):
        # boolean index misaligned labels
        mask = self.frame['A'][::-1] > 1

        result = self.frame.loc[mask]
        expected = self.frame.loc[mask[::-1]]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        cp = self.frame.copy()
        expected = self.frame.copy()
        cp.loc[mask] = 0
        expected.loc[mask] = 0
        assert_frame_equal(cp, expected)

    def test_getitem_setitem_boolean_multi(self):
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(3, 2))

        # get
        k1 = np.array([True, False, True])
        k2 = np.array([False, True])
        result = df.loc[k1, k2]
        expected = df.loc[[0, 2], [1]]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        expected = df.copy()
        df.loc[np.array([True, False, True]),
               np.array([False, True])] = 5
        expected.loc[[0, 2], [1]] = 5
        assert_frame_equal(df, expected)

    def test_getitem_setitem_float_labels(self):
        index = Index([1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5])
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(5, 5), index=index)

        result = df.loc[1.5:4]
        expected = df.reindex([1.5, 2, 3, 4])
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
        assert len(result) == 4

        result = df.loc[4:5]
        expected = df.reindex([4, 5])  # reindex with int
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected, check_index_type=False)
        assert len(result) == 2

        result = df.loc[4:5]
        expected = df.reindex([4.0, 5.0])  # reindex with float
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
        assert len(result) == 2

        # loc_float changes this to work properly
        result = df.loc[1:2]
        expected = df.iloc[0:2]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        df.loc[1:2] = 0
        result = df[1:2]
        assert (result == 0).all().all()

        # #2727
        index = Index([1.0, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.0])
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(5, 5), index=index)

        # positional slicing only via iloc!
        pytest.raises(TypeError, lambda: df.iloc[1.0:5])

        result = df.iloc[4:5]
        expected = df.reindex([5.0])
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
        assert len(result) == 1

        cp = df.copy()

        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            cp.iloc[1.0:5] = 0

        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            result = cp.iloc[1.0:5] == 0  # noqa

        assert result.values.all()
        assert (cp.iloc[0:1] == df.iloc[0:1]).values.all()

        cp = df.copy()
        cp.iloc[4:5] = 0
        assert (cp.iloc[4:5] == 0).values.all()
        assert (cp.iloc[0:4] == df.iloc[0:4]).values.all()

        # float slicing
        result = df.loc[1.0:5]
        expected = df
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
        assert len(result) == 5

        result = df.loc[1.1:5]
        expected = df.reindex([2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.0])
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
        assert len(result) == 4

        result = df.loc[4.51:5]
        expected = df.reindex([5.0])
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
        assert len(result) == 1

        result = df.loc[1.0:5.0]
        expected = df.reindex([1.0, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.0])
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
        assert len(result) == 5

        cp = df.copy()
        cp.loc[1.0:5.0] = 0
        result = cp.loc[1.0:5.0]
        assert (result == 0).values.all()

    def test_setitem_single_column_mixed(self):
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(5, 3), index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'],
                       columns=['foo', 'bar', 'baz'])
        df['str'] = 'qux'
        df.loc[df.index[::2], 'str'] = np.nan
        expected = np.array([np.nan, 'qux', np.nan, 'qux', np.nan],
                            dtype=object)
        assert_almost_equal(df['str'].values, expected)

    def test_setitem_single_column_mixed_datetime(self):
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(5, 3), index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'],
                       columns=['foo', 'bar', 'baz'])

        df['timestamp'] = Timestamp('20010102')

        # check our dtypes
        result = df.get_dtype_counts()
        expected = Series({'float64': 3, 'datetime64[ns]': 1})
        assert_series_equal(result, expected)

        # set an allowable datetime64 type
        df.loc['b', 'timestamp'] = iNaT
        assert isna(df.loc['b', 'timestamp'])

        # allow this syntax
        df.loc['c', 'timestamp'] = np.nan
        assert isna(df.loc['c', 'timestamp'])

        # allow this syntax
        df.loc['d', :] = np.nan
        assert not isna(df.loc['c', :]).all()

        # as of GH 3216 this will now work!
        # try to set with a list like item
        # pytest.raises(
        #    Exception, df.loc.__setitem__, ('d', 'timestamp'), [np.nan])

    def test_setitem_mixed_datetime(self):
        # GH 9336
        expected = DataFrame({'a': [0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14],
                              'b': [pd.datetime(2012, 1, 1),
                                    1,
                                    'x',
                                    'y',
                                    pd.datetime(2013, 1, 1),
                                    pd.datetime(2014, 1, 1)]})
        df = pd.DataFrame(0, columns=list('ab'), index=range(6))
        df['b'] = pd.NaT
        df.loc[0, 'b'] = pd.datetime(2012, 1, 1)
        df.loc[1, 'b'] = 1
        df.loc[[2, 3], 'b'] = 'x', 'y'
        A = np.array([[13, np.datetime64('2013-01-01T00:00:00')],
                      [14, np.datetime64('2014-01-01T00:00:00')]])
        df.loc[[4, 5], ['a', 'b']] = A
        assert_frame_equal(df, expected)

    def test_setitem_frame(self):
        piece = self.frame.loc[self.frame.index[:2], ['A', 'B']]
        self.frame.loc[self.frame.index[-2]:, ['A', 'B']] = piece.values
        result = self.frame.loc[self.frame.index[-2:], ['A', 'B']].values
        expected = piece.values
        assert_almost_equal(result, expected)

        # GH 3216

        # already aligned
        f = self.mixed_frame.copy()
        piece = DataFrame([[1., 2.], [3., 4.]],
                          index=f.index[0:2], columns=['A', 'B'])
        key = (slice(None, 2), ['A', 'B'])
        f.loc[key] = piece
        assert_almost_equal(f.loc[f.index[0:2], ['A', 'B']].values,
                            piece.values)

        # rows unaligned
        f = self.mixed_frame.copy()
        piece = DataFrame([[1., 2.], [3., 4.], [5., 6.], [7., 8.]],
                          index=list(f.index[0:2]) + ['foo', 'bar'],
                          columns=['A', 'B'])
        key = (slice(None, 2), ['A', 'B'])
        f.loc[key] = piece
        assert_almost_equal(f.loc[f.index[0:2:], ['A', 'B']].values,
                            piece.values[0:2])

        # key is unaligned with values
        f = self.mixed_frame.copy()
        piece = f.loc[f.index[:2], ['A']]
        piece.index = f.index[-2:]
        key = (slice(-2, None), ['A', 'B'])
        f.loc[key] = piece
        piece['B'] = np.nan
        assert_almost_equal(f.loc[f.index[-2:], ['A', 'B']].values,
                            piece.values)

        # ndarray
        f = self.mixed_frame.copy()
        piece = self.mixed_frame.loc[f.index[:2], ['A', 'B']]
        key = (slice(-2, None), ['A', 'B'])
        f.loc[key] = piece.values
        assert_almost_equal(f.loc[f.index[-2:], ['A', 'B']].values,
                            piece.values)

        # needs upcasting
        df = DataFrame([[1, 2, 'foo'], [3, 4, 'bar']], columns=['A', 'B', 'C'])
        df2 = df.copy()
        df2.loc[:, ['A', 'B']] = df.loc[:, ['A', 'B']] + 0.5
        expected = df.reindex(columns=['A', 'B'])
        expected += 0.5
        expected['C'] = df['C']
        assert_frame_equal(df2, expected)

    def test_setitem_frame_align(self):
        piece = self.frame.loc[self.frame.index[:2], ['A', 'B']]
        piece.index = self.frame.index[-2:]
        piece.columns = ['A', 'B']
        self.frame.loc[self.frame.index[-2:], ['A', 'B']] = piece
        result = self.frame.loc[self.frame.index[-2:], ['A', 'B']].values
        expected = piece.values
        assert_almost_equal(result, expected)

    def test_getitem_setitem_ix_duplicates(self):
        # #1201
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(5, 3),
                       index=['foo', 'foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'bar'])

        result = df.loc['foo']
        expected = df[:2]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        result = df.loc['bar']
        expected = df.iloc[[2, 4]]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        result = df.loc['baz']
        expected = df.iloc[3]
        assert_series_equal(result, expected)

    def test_getitem_ix_boolean_duplicates_multiple(self):
        # #1201
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(5, 3),
                       index=['foo', 'foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'bar'])

        result = df.loc[['bar']]
        exp = df.iloc[[2, 4]]
        assert_frame_equal(result, exp)

        result = df.loc[df[1] > 0]
        exp = df[df[1] > 0]
        assert_frame_equal(result, exp)

        result = df.loc[df[0] > 0]
        exp = df[df[0] > 0]
        assert_frame_equal(result, exp)

    def test_getitem_setitem_ix_bool_keyerror(self):
        # #2199
        df = DataFrame({'a': [1, 2, 3]})

        pytest.raises(KeyError, df.loc.__getitem__, False)
        pytest.raises(KeyError, df.loc.__getitem__, True)

        pytest.raises(KeyError, df.loc.__setitem__, False, 0)
        pytest.raises(KeyError, df.loc.__setitem__, True, 0)

    def test_getitem_list_duplicates(self):
        # #1943
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(4, 4), columns=list('AABC'))
        df.columns.name = 'foo'

        result = df[['B', 'C']]
        assert result.columns.name == 'foo'

        expected = df.iloc[:, 2:]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    def test_get_value(self):
        for idx in self.frame.index:
            for col in self.frame.columns:
                with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning,
                                                check_stacklevel=False):
                    result = self.frame.get_value(idx, col)
                expected = self.frame[col][idx]
                assert result == expected

    def test_lookup(self):
        def alt(df, rows, cols, dtype):
            with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning,
                                            check_stacklevel=False):
                result = [df.get_value(r, c) for r, c in zip(rows, cols)]
            return np.array(result, dtype=dtype)

        def testit(df):
            rows = list(df.index) * len(df.columns)
            cols = list(df.columns) * len(df.index)
            result = df.lookup(rows, cols)
            expected = alt(df, rows, cols, dtype=np.object_)
            tm.assert_almost_equal(result, expected, check_dtype=False)

        testit(self.mixed_frame)
        testit(self.frame)

        df = DataFrame({'label': ['a', 'b', 'a', 'c'],
                        'mask_a': [True, True, False, True],
                        'mask_b': [True, False, False, False],
                        'mask_c': [False, True, False, True]})
        df['mask'] = df.lookup(df.index, 'mask_' + df['label'])
        exp_mask = alt(df, df.index, 'mask_' + df['label'], dtype=np.bool_)
        tm.assert_series_equal(df['mask'], pd.Series(exp_mask, name='mask'))
        assert df['mask'].dtype == np.bool_

        with pytest.raises(KeyError):
            self.frame.lookup(['xyz'], ['A'])

        with pytest.raises(KeyError):
            self.frame.lookup([self.frame.index[0]], ['xyz'])

        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='same size'):
            self.frame.lookup(['a', 'b', 'c'], ['a'])

    def test_set_value(self):
        for idx in self.frame.index:
            for col in self.frame.columns:
                with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning,
                                                check_stacklevel=False):
                    self.frame.set_value(idx, col, 1)
                assert self.frame[col][idx] == 1

    def test_set_value_resize(self):

        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning,
                                        check_stacklevel=False):
            res = self.frame.set_value('foobar', 'B', 0)
        assert res is self.frame
        assert res.index[-1] == 'foobar'
        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning,
                                        check_stacklevel=False):
            assert res.get_value('foobar', 'B') == 0

        self.frame.loc['foobar', 'qux'] = 0
        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning,
                                        check_stacklevel=False):
            assert self.frame.get_value('foobar', 'qux') == 0

        res = self.frame.copy()
        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning,
                                        check_stacklevel=False):
            res3 = res.set_value('foobar', 'baz', 'sam')
        assert res3['baz'].dtype == np.object_

        res = self.frame.copy()
        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning,
                                        check_stacklevel=False):
            res3 = res.set_value('foobar', 'baz', True)
        assert res3['baz'].dtype == np.object_

        res = self.frame.copy()
        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning,
                                        check_stacklevel=False):
            res3 = res.set_value('foobar', 'baz', 5)
        assert is_float_dtype(res3['baz'])
        assert isna(res3['baz'].drop(['foobar'])).all()
        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning,
                                        check_stacklevel=False):
            pytest.raises(ValueError, res3.set_value, 'foobar', 'baz', 'sam')

    def test_set_value_with_index_dtype_change(self):
        df_orig = DataFrame(np.random.randn(3, 3),
                            index=lrange(3), columns=list('ABC'))

        # this is actually ambiguous as the 2 is interpreted as a positional
        # so column is not created
        df = df_orig.copy()
        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning,
                                        check_stacklevel=False):
            df.set_value('C', 2, 1.0)
        assert list(df.index) == list(df_orig.index) + ['C']
        # assert list(df.columns) == list(df_orig.columns) + [2]

        df = df_orig.copy()
        df.loc['C', 2] = 1.0
        assert list(df.index) == list(df_orig.index) + ['C']
        # assert list(df.columns) == list(df_orig.columns) + [2]

        # create both new
        df = df_orig.copy()
        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning,
                                        check_stacklevel=False):
            df.set_value('C', 'D', 1.0)
        assert list(df.index) == list(df_orig.index) + ['C']
        assert list(df.columns) == list(df_orig.columns) + ['D']

        df = df_orig.copy()
        df.loc['C', 'D'] = 1.0
        assert list(df.index) == list(df_orig.index) + ['C']
        assert list(df.columns) == list(df_orig.columns) + ['D']

    def test_get_set_value_no_partial_indexing(self):
        # partial w/ MultiIndex raise exception
        index = MultiIndex.from_tuples([(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 1), (1, 2)])
        df = DataFrame(index=index, columns=lrange(4))
        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning,
                                        check_stacklevel=False):
            pytest.raises(KeyError, df.get_value, 0, 1)

    def test_single_element_ix_dont_upcast(self):
        self.frame['E'] = 1
        assert issubclass(self.frame['E'].dtype.type, (int, np.integer))

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            result = self.frame.ix[self.frame.index[5], 'E']
            assert is_integer(result)

        result = self.frame.loc[self.frame.index[5], 'E']
        assert is_integer(result)

        # GH 11617
        df = pd.DataFrame(dict(a=[1.23]))
        df["b"] = 666

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            result = df.ix[0, "b"]
        assert is_integer(result)
        result = df.loc[0, "b"]
        assert is_integer(result)

        expected = Series([666], [0], name='b')
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            result = df.ix[[0], "b"]
        assert_series_equal(result, expected)
        result = df.loc[[0], "b"]
        assert_series_equal(result, expected)

    def test_iloc_row(self):
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(10, 4), index=lrange(0, 20, 2))

        result = df.iloc[1]
        exp = df.loc[2]
        assert_series_equal(result, exp)

        result = df.iloc[2]
        exp = df.loc[4]
        assert_series_equal(result, exp)

        # slice
        result = df.iloc[slice(4, 8)]
        expected = df.loc[8:14]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        # verify slice is view
        # setting it makes it raise/warn
        with pytest.raises(com.SettingWithCopyError):
            result[2] = 0.

        exp_col = df[2].copy()
        exp_col[4:8] = 0.
        assert_series_equal(df[2], exp_col)

        # list of integers
        result = df.iloc[[1, 2, 4, 6]]
        expected = df.reindex(df.index[[1, 2, 4, 6]])
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    def test_iloc_col(self):

        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(4, 10), columns=lrange(0, 20, 2))

        result = df.iloc[:, 1]
        exp = df.loc[:, 2]
        assert_series_equal(result, exp)

        result = df.iloc[:, 2]
        exp = df.loc[:, 4]
        assert_series_equal(result, exp)

        # slice
        result = df.iloc[:, slice(4, 8)]
        expected = df.loc[:, 8:14]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        # verify slice is view
        # and that we are setting a copy
        with pytest.raises(com.SettingWithCopyError):
            result[8] = 0.

        assert (df[8] == 0).all()

        # list of integers
        result = df.iloc[:, [1, 2, 4, 6]]
        expected = df.reindex(columns=df.columns[[1, 2, 4, 6]])
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    def test_iloc_duplicates(self):

        df = DataFrame(np.random.rand(3, 3), columns=list('ABC'),
                       index=list('aab'))

        result = df.iloc[0]
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            result2 = df.ix[0]
        assert isinstance(result, Series)
        assert_almost_equal(result.values, df.values[0])
        assert_series_equal(result, result2)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            result = df.T.iloc[:, 0]
            result2 = df.T.ix[:, 0]
        assert isinstance(result, Series)
        assert_almost_equal(result.values, df.values[0])
        assert_series_equal(result, result2)

        # multiindex
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(3, 3),
                       columns=[['i', 'i', 'j'], ['A', 'A', 'B']],
                       index=[['i', 'i', 'j'], ['X', 'X', 'Y']])

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            rs = df.iloc[0]
            xp = df.ix[0]
        assert_series_equal(rs, xp)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            rs = df.iloc[:, 0]
            xp = df.T.ix[0]
        assert_series_equal(rs, xp)

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            rs = df.iloc[:, [0]]
            xp = df.ix[:, [0]]
        assert_frame_equal(rs, xp)

        # #2259
        df = DataFrame([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], columns=[1, 1, 2])
        result = df.iloc[:, [0]]
        expected = df.take([0], axis=1)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    def test_loc_duplicates(self):
        # gh-17105

        # insert a duplicate element to the index
        trange = pd.date_range(start=pd.Timestamp(year=2017, month=1, day=1),
                               end=pd.Timestamp(year=2017, month=1, day=5))

        trange = trange.insert(loc=5,
                               item=pd.Timestamp(year=2017, month=1, day=5))

        df = pd.DataFrame(0, index=trange, columns=["A", "B"])
        bool_idx = np.array([False, False, False, False, False, True])

        # assignment
        df.loc[trange[bool_idx], "A"] = 6

        expected = pd.DataFrame({'A': [0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 6],
                                 'B': [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]},
                                index=trange)
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)

        # in-place
        df = pd.DataFrame(0, index=trange, columns=["A", "B"])
        df.loc[trange[bool_idx], "A"] += 6
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)

    def test_iloc_sparse_propegate_fill_value(self):
        from pandas.core.sparse.api import SparseDataFrame
        df = SparseDataFrame({'A': [999, 1]}, default_fill_value=999)
        assert len(df['A'].sp_values) == len(df.iloc[:, 0].sp_values)

    def test_iat(self):

        for i, row in enumerate(self.frame.index):
            for j, col in enumerate(self.frame.columns):
                result = self.frame.iat[i, j]
                expected = self.frame.at[row, col]
                assert result == expected

    def test_nested_exception(self):
        # Ignore the strange way of triggering the problem
        # (which may get fixed), it's just a way to trigger
        # the issue or reraising an outer exception without
        # a named argument
        df = DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6],
                        "c": [7, 8, 9]}).set_index(["a", "b"])
        index = list(df.index)
        index[0] = ["a", "b"]
        df.index = index

        try:
            repr(df)
        except Exception as e:
            assert type(e) != UnboundLocalError

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("method,expected_values", [
        ("nearest", [0, 1, 1, 2]),
        ("pad", [np.nan, 0, 1, 1]),
        ("backfill", [0, 1, 2, 2])
    ])
    def test_reindex_methods(self, method, expected_values):
        df = pd.DataFrame({"x": list(range(5))})
        target = np.array([-0.1, 0.9, 1.1, 1.5])

        expected = pd.DataFrame({'x': expected_values}, index=target)
        actual = df.reindex(target, method=method)
        assert_frame_equal(expected, actual)

        actual = df.reindex_like(df, method=method, tolerance=0)
        assert_frame_equal(df, actual)
        actual = df.reindex_like(df, method=method, tolerance=[0, 0, 0, 0])
        assert_frame_equal(df, actual)

        actual = df.reindex(target, method=method, tolerance=1)
        assert_frame_equal(expected, actual)
        actual = df.reindex(target, method=method, tolerance=[1, 1, 1, 1])
        assert_frame_equal(expected, actual)

        e2 = expected[::-1]
        actual = df.reindex(target[::-1], method=method)
        assert_frame_equal(e2, actual)

        new_order = [3, 0, 2, 1]
        e2 = expected.iloc[new_order]
        actual = df.reindex(target[new_order], method=method)
        assert_frame_equal(e2, actual)

        switched_method = ('pad' if method == 'backfill'
                           else 'backfill' if method == 'pad'
                           else method)
        actual = df[::-1].reindex(target, method=switched_method)
        assert_frame_equal(expected, actual)

    def test_reindex_methods_nearest_special(self):
        df = pd.DataFrame({"x": list(range(5))})
        target = np.array([-0.1, 0.9, 1.1, 1.5])

        expected = pd.DataFrame({"x": [0, 1, 1, np.nan]}, index=target)
        actual = df.reindex(target, method="nearest", tolerance=0.2)
        assert_frame_equal(expected, actual)

        expected = pd.DataFrame({"x": [0, np.nan, 1, np.nan]}, index=target)
        actual = df.reindex(target, method="nearest",
                            tolerance=[0.5, 0.01, 0.4, 0.1])
        assert_frame_equal(expected, actual)

    def test_reindex_frame_add_nat(self):
        rng = date_range('1/1/2000 00:00:00', periods=10, freq='10s')
        df = DataFrame({'A': np.random.randn(len(rng)), 'B': rng})

        result = df.reindex(lrange(15))
        assert np.issubdtype(result['B'].dtype, np.dtype('M8[ns]'))

        mask = com.isna(result)['B']
        assert mask[-5:].all()
        assert not mask[:-5].any()

    def test_set_dataframe_column_ns_dtype(self):
        x = DataFrame([datetime.now(), datetime.now()])
        assert x[0].dtype == np.dtype('M8[ns]')

    def test_non_monotonic_reindex_methods(self):
        dr = pd.date_range('2013-08-01', periods=6, freq='B')
        data = np.random.randn(6, 1)
        df = pd.DataFrame(data, index=dr, columns=list('A'))
        df_rev = pd.DataFrame(data, index=dr[[3, 4, 5] + [0, 1, 2]],
                              columns=list('A'))
        # index is not monotonic increasing or decreasing
        pytest.raises(ValueError, df_rev.reindex, df.index, method='pad')
        pytest.raises(ValueError, df_rev.reindex, df.index, method='ffill')
        pytest.raises(ValueError, df_rev.reindex, df.index, method='bfill')
        pytest.raises(ValueError, df_rev.reindex, df.index, method='nearest')

    def test_reindex_level(self):
        from itertools import permutations
        icol = ['jim', 'joe', 'jolie']

        def verify_first_level(df, level, idx, check_index_type=True):
            def f(val):
                return np.nonzero((df[level] == val).to_numpy())[0]
            i = np.concatenate(list(map(f, idx)))
            left = df.set_index(icol).reindex(idx, level=level)
            right = df.iloc[i].set_index(icol)
            assert_frame_equal(left, right, check_index_type=check_index_type)

        def verify(df, level, idx, indexer, check_index_type=True):
            left = df.set_index(icol).reindex(idx, level=level)
            right = df.iloc[indexer].set_index(icol)
            assert_frame_equal(left, right, check_index_type=check_index_type)

        df = pd.DataFrame({'jim': list('B' * 4 + 'A' * 2 + 'C' * 3),
                           'joe': list('abcdeabcd')[::-1],
                           'jolie': [10, 20, 30] * 3,
                           'joline': np.random.randint(0, 1000, 9)})

        target = [['C', 'B', 'A'], ['F', 'C', 'A', 'D'], ['A'],
                  ['A', 'B', 'C'], ['C', 'A', 'B'], ['C', 'B'], ['C', 'A'],
                  ['A', 'B'], ['B', 'A', 'C']]

        for idx in target:
            verify_first_level(df, 'jim', idx)

        # reindex by these causes different MultiIndex levels
        for idx in [['D', 'F'], ['A', 'C', 'B']]:
            verify_first_level(df, 'jim', idx, check_index_type=False)

        verify(df, 'joe', list('abcde'), [3, 2, 1, 0, 5, 4, 8, 7, 6])
        verify(df, 'joe', list('abcd'), [3, 2, 1, 0, 5, 8, 7, 6])
        verify(df, 'joe', list('abc'), [3, 2, 1, 8, 7, 6])
        verify(df, 'joe', list('eca'), [1, 3, 4, 6, 8])
        verify(df, 'joe', list('edc'), [0, 1, 4, 5, 6])
        verify(df, 'joe', list('eadbc'), [3, 0, 2, 1, 4, 5, 8, 7, 6])
        verify(df, 'joe', list('edwq'), [0, 4, 5])
        verify(df, 'joe', list('wq'), [], check_index_type=False)

        df = DataFrame({'jim': ['mid'] * 5 + ['btm'] * 8 + ['top'] * 7,
                        'joe': ['3rd'] * 2 + ['1st'] * 3 + ['2nd'] * 3 +
                        ['1st'] * 2 + ['3rd'] * 3 + ['1st'] * 2 +
                        ['3rd'] * 3 + ['2nd'] * 2,
                        # this needs to be jointly unique with jim and joe or
                        # reindexing will fail ~1.5% of the time, this works
                        # out to needing unique groups of same size as joe
                        'jolie': np.concatenate([
                            np.random.choice(1000, x, replace=False)
                            for x in [2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2]]),
                        'joline': np.random.randn(20).round(3) * 10})

        for idx in permutations(df['jim'].unique()):
            for i in range(3):
                verify_first_level(df, 'jim', idx[:i + 1])

        i = [2, 3, 4, 0, 1, 8, 9, 5, 6, 7, 10,
             11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 15, 16, 17]
        verify(df, 'joe', ['1st', '2nd', '3rd'], i)

        i = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, 5, 6,
             7, 8, 9, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 13, 14]
        verify(df, 'joe', ['3rd', '2nd', '1st'], i)

        i = [0, 1, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 18, 19, 15, 16, 17]
        verify(df, 'joe', ['2nd', '3rd'], i)

        i = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, 8, 9, 15, 16, 17, 13, 14]
        verify(df, 'joe', ['3rd', '1st'], i)

    def test_getitem_ix_float_duplicates(self):
        df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(3, 3),
                          index=[0.1, 0.2, 0.2], columns=list('abc'))
        expect = df.iloc[1:]
        assert_frame_equal(df.loc[0.2], expect)
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            assert_frame_equal(df.ix[0.2], expect)

        expect = df.iloc[1:, 0]
        assert_series_equal(df.loc[0.2, 'a'], expect)

        df.index = [1, 0.2, 0.2]
        expect = df.iloc[1:]
        assert_frame_equal(df.loc[0.2], expect)
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            assert_frame_equal(df.ix[0.2], expect)

        expect = df.iloc[1:, 0]
        assert_series_equal(df.loc[0.2, 'a'], expect)

        df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(4, 3),
                          index=[1, 0.2, 0.2, 1], columns=list('abc'))
        expect = df.iloc[1:-1]
        assert_frame_equal(df.loc[0.2], expect)
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            assert_frame_equal(df.ix[0.2], expect)

        expect = df.iloc[1:-1, 0]
        assert_series_equal(df.loc[0.2, 'a'], expect)

        df.index = [0.1, 0.2, 2, 0.2]
        expect = df.iloc[[1, -1]]
        assert_frame_equal(df.loc[0.2], expect)
        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            assert_frame_equal(df.ix[0.2], expect)

        expect = df.iloc[[1, -1], 0]
        assert_series_equal(df.loc[0.2, 'a'], expect)

    def test_getitem_sparse_column(self):
        # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/23559
        data = pd.SparseArray([0, 1])
        df = pd.DataFrame({"A": data})
        expected = pd.Series(data, name="A")
        result = df['A']
        tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)

        result = df.iloc[:, 0]
        tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)

        result = df.loc[:, 'A']
        tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)

    def test_setitem_with_sparse_value(self):
        # GH8131
        df = pd.DataFrame({'c_1': ['a', 'b', 'c'], 'n_1': [1., 2., 3.]})
        sp_array = pd.SparseArray([0, 0, 1])
        df['new_column'] = sp_array
        assert_series_equal(df['new_column'],
                            pd.Series(sp_array, name='new_column'),
                            check_names=False)

    def test_setitem_with_unaligned_sparse_value(self):
        df = pd.DataFrame({'c_1': ['a', 'b', 'c'], 'n_1': [1., 2., 3.]})
        sp_series = pd.Series(pd.SparseArray([0, 0, 1]), index=[2, 1, 0])
        df['new_column'] = sp_series
        exp = pd.Series(pd.SparseArray([1, 0, 0]), name='new_column')
        assert_series_equal(df['new_column'], exp)

    def test_setitem_with_unaligned_tz_aware_datetime_column(self):
        # GH 12981
        # Assignment of unaligned offset-aware datetime series.
        # Make sure timezone isn't lost
        column = pd.Series(pd.date_range('2015-01-01', periods=3, tz='utc'),
                           name='dates')
        df = pd.DataFrame({'dates': column})
        df['dates'] = column[[1, 0, 2]]
        assert_series_equal(df['dates'], column)

        df = pd.DataFrame({'dates': column})
        df.loc[[0, 1, 2], 'dates'] = column[[1, 0, 2]]
        assert_series_equal(df['dates'], column)

    def test_setitem_datetime_coercion(self):
        # gh-1048
        df = pd.DataFrame({'c': [pd.Timestamp('2010-10-01')] * 3})
        df.loc[0:1, 'c'] = np.datetime64('2008-08-08')
        assert pd.Timestamp('2008-08-08') == df.loc[0, 'c']
        assert pd.Timestamp('2008-08-08') == df.loc[1, 'c']
        df.loc[2, 'c'] = date(2005, 5, 5)
        assert pd.Timestamp('2005-05-05') == df.loc[2, 'c']

    def test_setitem_datetimelike_with_inference(self):
        # GH 7592
        # assignment of timedeltas with NaT

        one_hour = timedelta(hours=1)
        df = DataFrame(index=date_range('20130101', periods=4))
        df['A'] = np.array([1 * one_hour] * 4, dtype='m8[ns]')
        df.loc[:, 'B'] = np.array([2 * one_hour] * 4, dtype='m8[ns]')
        df.loc[:3, 'C'] = np.array([3 * one_hour] * 3, dtype='m8[ns]')
        df.loc[:, 'D'] = np.array([4 * one_hour] * 4, dtype='m8[ns]')
        df.loc[df.index[:3], 'E'] = np.array([5 * one_hour] * 3,
                                             dtype='m8[ns]')
        df['F'] = np.timedelta64('NaT')
        df.loc[df.index[:-1], 'F'] = np.array([6 * one_hour] * 3,
                                              dtype='m8[ns]')
        df.loc[df.index[-3]:, 'G'] = date_range('20130101', periods=3)
        df['H'] = np.datetime64('NaT')
        result = df.dtypes
        expected = Series([np.dtype('timedelta64[ns]')] * 6 +
                          [np.dtype('datetime64[ns]')] * 2,
                          index=list('ABCDEFGH'))
        assert_series_equal(result, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('idxer', ['var', ['var']])
    def test_setitem_datetimeindex_tz(self, idxer, tz_naive_fixture):
        # GH 11365
        tz = tz_naive_fixture
        idx = date_range(start='2015-07-12', periods=3, freq='H', tz=tz)
        expected = DataFrame(1.2, index=idx, columns=['var'])
        result = DataFrame(index=idx, columns=['var'])
        result.loc[:, idxer] = expected
        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    def test_at_time_between_time_datetimeindex(self):
        index = date_range("2012-01-01", "2012-01-05", freq='30min')
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(len(index), 5), index=index)
        akey = time(12, 0, 0)
        bkey = slice(time(13, 0, 0), time(14, 0, 0))
        ainds = [24, 72, 120, 168]
        binds = [26, 27, 28, 74, 75, 76, 122, 123, 124, 170, 171, 172]

        result = df.at_time(akey)
        expected = df.loc[akey]
        expected2 = df.iloc[ainds]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected2)
        assert len(result) == 4

        result = df.between_time(bkey.start, bkey.stop)
        expected = df.loc[bkey]
        expected2 = df.iloc[binds]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected2)
        assert len(result) == 12

        result = df.copy()
        result.loc[akey] = 0
        result = result.loc[akey]
        expected = df.loc[akey].copy()
        expected.loc[:] = 0
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        result = df.copy()
        result.loc[akey] = 0
        result.loc[akey] = df.iloc[ainds]
        assert_frame_equal(result, df)

        result = df.copy()
        result.loc[bkey] = 0
        result = result.loc[bkey]
        expected = df.loc[bkey].copy()
        expected.loc[:] = 0
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        result = df.copy()
        result.loc[bkey] = 0
        result.loc[bkey] = df.iloc[binds]
        assert_frame_equal(result, df)

    def test_xs(self):
        idx = self.frame.index[5]
        xs = self.frame.xs(idx)
        for item, value in compat.iteritems(xs):
            if np.isnan(value):
                assert np.isnan(self.frame[item][idx])
            else:
                assert value == self.frame[item][idx]

        # mixed-type xs
        test_data = {
            'A': {'1': 1, '2': 2},
            'B': {'1': '1', '2': '2', '3': '3'},
        }
        frame = DataFrame(test_data)
        xs = frame.xs('1')
        assert xs.dtype == np.object_
        assert xs['A'] == 1
        assert xs['B'] == '1'

        with pytest.raises(KeyError):
            self.tsframe.xs(self.tsframe.index[0] - BDay())

        # xs get column
        series = self.frame.xs('A', axis=1)
        expected = self.frame['A']
        assert_series_equal(series, expected)

        # view is returned if possible
        series = self.frame.xs('A', axis=1)
        series[:] = 5
        assert (expected == 5).all()

    def test_xs_corner(self):
        # pathological mixed-type reordering case
        df = DataFrame(index=[0])
        df['A'] = 1.
        df['B'] = 'foo'
        df['C'] = 2.
        df['D'] = 'bar'
        df['E'] = 3.

        xs = df.xs(0)
        exp = pd.Series([1., 'foo', 2., 'bar', 3.],
                        index=list('ABCDE'), name=0)
        tm.assert_series_equal(xs, exp)

        # no columns but Index(dtype=object)
        df = DataFrame(index=['a', 'b', 'c'])
        result = df.xs('a')
        expected = Series([], name='a', index=pd.Index([], dtype=object))
        assert_series_equal(result, expected)

    def test_xs_duplicates(self):
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(5, 2), index=['b', 'b', 'c', 'b', 'a'])

        cross = df.xs('c')
        exp = df.iloc[2]
        assert_series_equal(cross, exp)

    def test_xs_keep_level(self):
        df = (DataFrame({'day': {0: 'sat', 1: 'sun'},
                         'flavour': {0: 'strawberry', 1: 'strawberry'},
                         'sales': {0: 10, 1: 12},
                         'year': {0: 2008, 1: 2008}})
              .set_index(['year', 'flavour', 'day']))
        result = df.xs('sat', level='day', drop_level=False)
        expected = df[:1]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        result = df.xs([2008, 'sat'], level=['year', 'day'], drop_level=False)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    def test_xs_view(self):
        # in 0.14 this will return a view if possible a copy otherwise, but
        # this is numpy dependent

        dm = DataFrame(np.arange(20.).reshape(4, 5),
                       index=lrange(4), columns=lrange(5))

        dm.xs(2)[:] = 10
        assert (dm.xs(2) == 10).all()

    def test_index_namedtuple(self):
        from collections import namedtuple
        IndexType = namedtuple("IndexType", ["a", "b"])
        idx1 = IndexType("foo", "bar")
        idx2 = IndexType("baz", "bof")
        index = Index([idx1, idx2],
                      name="composite_index", tupleize_cols=False)
        df = DataFrame([(1, 2), (3, 4)], index=index, columns=["A", "B"])

        with catch_warnings(record=True):
            simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
            result = df.ix[IndexType("foo", "bar")]["A"]
        assert result == 1

        result = df.loc[IndexType("foo", "bar")]["A"]
        assert result == 1

    def test_boolean_indexing(self):
        idx = lrange(3)
        cols = ['A', 'B', 'C']
        df1 = DataFrame(index=idx, columns=cols,
                        data=np.array([[0.0, 0.5, 1.0],
                                       [1.5, 2.0, 2.5],
                                       [3.0, 3.5, 4.0]],
                                      dtype=float))
        df2 = DataFrame(index=idx, columns=cols,
                        data=np.ones((len(idx), len(cols))))

        expected = DataFrame(index=idx, columns=cols,
                             data=np.array([[0.0, 0.5, 1.0],
                                            [1.5, 2.0, -1],
                                            [-1, -1, -1]], dtype=float))

        df1[df1 > 2.0 * df2] = -1
        assert_frame_equal(df1, expected)
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='Item wrong length'):
            df1[df1.index[:-1] > 2] = -1

    def test_boolean_indexing_mixed(self):
        df = DataFrame({
            long(0): {35: np.nan, 40: np.nan, 43: np.nan,
                      49: np.nan, 50: np.nan},
            long(1): {35: np.nan,
                      40: 0.32632316859446198,
                      43: np.nan,
                      49: 0.32632316859446198,
                      50: 0.39114724480578139},
            long(2): {35: np.nan, 40: np.nan, 43: 0.29012581014105987,
                      49: np.nan, 50: np.nan},
            long(3): {35: np.nan, 40: np.nan, 43: np.nan, 49: np.nan,
                      50: np.nan},
            long(4): {35: 0.34215328467153283, 40: np.nan, 43: np.nan,
                      49: np.nan, 50: np.nan},
            'y': {35: 0, 40: 0, 43: 0, 49: 0, 50: 1}})

        # mixed int/float ok
        df2 = df.copy()
        df2[df2 > 0.3] = 1
        expected = df.copy()
        expected.loc[40, 1] = 1
        expected.loc[49, 1] = 1
        expected.loc[50, 1] = 1
        expected.loc[35, 4] = 1
        assert_frame_equal(df2, expected)

        df['foo'] = 'test'
        msg = ("boolean setting on mixed-type|"
               "not supported between|"
               "unorderable types")
        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
            # TODO: This message should be the same in PY2/PY3
            df[df > 0.3] = 1

    def test_where(self):
        default_frame = DataFrame(np.random.randn(5, 3),
                                  columns=['A', 'B', 'C'])

        def _safe_add(df):
            # only add to the numeric items
            def is_ok(s):
                return (issubclass(s.dtype.type, (np.integer, np.floating)) and
                        s.dtype != 'uint8')

            return DataFrame(dict((c, s + 1) if is_ok(s) else (c, s)
                                  for c, s in compat.iteritems(df)))

        def _check_get(df, cond, check_dtypes=True):
            other1 = _safe_add(df)
            rs = df.where(cond, other1)
            rs2 = df.where(cond.values, other1)
            for k, v in rs.iteritems():
                exp = Series(
                    np.where(cond[k], df[k], other1[k]), index=v.index)
                assert_series_equal(v, exp, check_names=False)
            assert_frame_equal(rs, rs2)

            # dtypes
            if check_dtypes:
                assert (rs.dtypes == df.dtypes).all()

        # check getting
        for df in [default_frame, self.mixed_frame,
                   self.mixed_float, self.mixed_int]:
            if compat.PY3 and df is self.mixed_frame:
                with pytest.raises(TypeError):
                    df > 0
                continue
            cond = df > 0
            _check_get(df, cond)

        # upcasting case (GH # 2794)
        df = DataFrame({c: Series([1] * 3, dtype=c)
                        for c in ['float32', 'float64',
                                  'int32', 'int64']})
        df.iloc[1, :] = 0
        result = df.where(df >= 0).get_dtype_counts()

        # when we don't preserve boolean casts
        #
        # expected = Series({ 'float32' : 1, 'float64' : 3 })

        expected = Series({'float32': 1, 'float64': 1, 'int32': 1, 'int64': 1})
        assert_series_equal(result, expected)

        # aligning
        def _check_align(df, cond, other, check_dtypes=True):
            rs = df.where(cond, other)
            for i, k in enumerate(rs.columns):
                result = rs[k]
                d = df[k].values
                c = cond[k].reindex(df[k].index).fillna(False).values

                if is_scalar(other):
                    o = other
                else:
                    if isinstance(other, np.ndarray):
                        o = Series(other[:, i], index=result.index).values
                    else:
                        o = other[k].values

                new_values = d if c.all() else np.where(c, d, o)
                expected = Series(new_values, index=result.index, name=k)

                # since we can't always have the correct numpy dtype
                # as numpy doesn't know how to downcast, don't check
                assert_series_equal(result, expected, check_dtype=False)

            # dtypes
            # can't check dtype when other is an ndarray

            if check_dtypes and not isinstance(other, np.ndarray):
                assert (rs.dtypes == df.dtypes).all()

        for df in [self.mixed_frame, self.mixed_float, self.mixed_int]:
            if compat.PY3 and df is self.mixed_frame:
                with pytest.raises(TypeError):
                    df > 0
                continue

            # other is a frame
            cond = (df > 0)[1:]
            _check_align(df, cond, _safe_add(df))

            # check other is ndarray
            cond = df > 0
            _check_align(df, cond, (_safe_add(df).values))

            # integers are upcast, so don't check the dtypes
            cond = df > 0
            check_dtypes = all(not issubclass(s.type, np.integer)
                               for s in df.dtypes)
            _check_align(df, cond, np.nan, check_dtypes=check_dtypes)

        # invalid conditions
        df = default_frame
        err1 = (df + 1).values[0:2, :]
        pytest.raises(ValueError, df.where, cond, err1)

        err2 = cond.iloc[:2, :].values
        other1 = _safe_add(df)
        pytest.raises(ValueError, df.where, err2, other1)

        pytest.raises(ValueError, df.mask, True)
        pytest.raises(ValueError, df.mask, 0)

        # where inplace
        def _check_set(df, cond, check_dtypes=True):
            dfi = df.copy()
            econd = cond.reindex_like(df).fillna(True)
            expected = dfi.mask(~econd)

            dfi.where(cond, np.nan, inplace=True)
            assert_frame_equal(dfi, expected)

            # dtypes (and confirm upcasts)x
            if check_dtypes:
                for k, v in compat.iteritems(df.dtypes):
                    if issubclass(v.type, np.integer) and not cond[k].all():
                        v = np.dtype('float64')
                    assert dfi[k].dtype == v

        for df in [default_frame, self.mixed_frame, self.mixed_float,
                   self.mixed_int]:
            if compat.PY3 and df is self.mixed_frame:
                with pytest.raises(TypeError):
                    df > 0
                continue

            cond = df > 0
            _check_set(df, cond)

            cond = df >= 0
            _check_set(df, cond)

            # aligining
            cond = (df >= 0)[1:]
            _check_set(df, cond)

        # GH 10218
        # test DataFrame.where with Series slicing
        df = DataFrame({'a': range(3), 'b': range(4, 7)})
        result = df.where(df['a'] == 1)
        expected = df[df['a'] == 1].reindex(df.index)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("klass", [list, tuple, np.array])
    def test_where_array_like(self, klass):
        # see gh-15414
        df = DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})
        cond = [[False], [True], [True]]
        expected = DataFrame({"a": [np.nan, 2, 3]})

        result = df.where(klass(cond))
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        df["b"] = 2
        expected["b"] = [2, np.nan, 2]
        cond = [[False, True], [True, False], [True, True]]

        result = df.where(klass(cond))
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("cond", [
        [[1], [0], [1]],
        Series([[2], [5], [7]]),
        DataFrame({"a": [2, 5, 7]}),
        [["True"], ["False"], ["True"]],
        [[Timestamp("2017-01-01")],
         [pd.NaT], [Timestamp("2017-01-02")]]
    ])
    def test_where_invalid_input_single(self, cond):
        # see gh-15414: only boolean arrays accepted
        df = DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})
        msg = "Boolean array expected for the condition"

        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
            df.where(cond)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("cond", [
        [[0, 1], [1, 0], [1, 1]],
        Series([[0, 2], [5, 0], [4, 7]]),
        [["False", "True"], ["True", "False"],
         ["True", "True"]],
        DataFrame({"a": [2, 5, 7], "b": [4, 8, 9]}),
        [[pd.NaT, Timestamp("2017-01-01")],
         [Timestamp("2017-01-02"), pd.NaT],
         [Timestamp("2017-01-03"), Timestamp("2017-01-03")]]
    ])
    def test_where_invalid_input_multiple(self, cond):
        # see gh-15414: only boolean arrays accepted
        df = DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [2, 2, 2]})
        msg = "Boolean array expected for the condition"

        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
            df.where(cond)

    def test_where_dataframe_col_match(self):
        df = DataFrame([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
        cond = DataFrame([[True, False, True], [False, False, True]])

        result = df.where(cond)
        expected = DataFrame([[1.0, np.nan, 3], [np.nan, np.nan, 6]])
        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        # this *does* align, though has no matching columns
        cond.columns = ["a", "b", "c"]
        result = df.where(cond)
        expected = DataFrame(np.nan, index=df.index, columns=df.columns)
        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    def test_where_ndframe_align(self):
        msg = "Array conditional must be same shape as self"
        df = DataFrame([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])

        cond = [True]
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
            df.where(cond)

        expected = DataFrame([[1, 2, 3], [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan]])

        out = df.where(Series(cond))
        tm.assert_frame_equal(out, expected)

        cond = np.array([False, True, False, True])
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
            df.where(cond)

        expected = DataFrame([[np.nan, np.nan, np.nan], [4, 5, 6]])

        out = df.where(Series(cond))
        tm.assert_frame_equal(out, expected)

    def test_where_bug(self):
        # see gh-2793
        df = DataFrame({'a': [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0], 'b': [
                       4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0]}, dtype='float64')
        expected = DataFrame({'a': [np.nan, np.nan, 3.0, 4.0], 'b': [
                             4.0, 3.0, np.nan, np.nan]}, dtype='float64')
        result = df.where(df > 2, np.nan)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        result = df.copy()
        result.where(result > 2, np.nan, inplace=True)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    def test_where_bug_mixed(self, sint_dtype):
        # see gh-2793
        df = DataFrame({"a": np.array([1, 2, 3, 4], dtype=sint_dtype),
                        "b": np.array([4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0],
                                      dtype="float64")})

        expected = DataFrame({"a": [np.nan, np.nan, 3.0, 4.0],
                              "b": [4.0, 3.0, np.nan, np.nan]},
                             dtype="float64")

        result = df.where(df > 2, np.nan)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        result = df.copy()
        result.where(result > 2, np.nan, inplace=True)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    def test_where_bug_transposition(self):
        # see gh-7506
        a = DataFrame({0: [1, 2], 1: [3, 4], 2: [5, 6]})
        b = DataFrame({0: [np.nan, 8], 1: [9, np.nan], 2: [np.nan, np.nan]})
        do_not_replace = b.isna() | (a > b)

        expected = a.copy()
        expected[~do_not_replace] = b

        result = a.where(do_not_replace, b)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        a = DataFrame({0: [4, 6], 1: [1, 0]})
        b = DataFrame({0: [np.nan, 3], 1: [3, np.nan]})
        do_not_replace = b.isna() | (a > b)

        expected = a.copy()
        expected[~do_not_replace] = b

        result = a.where(do_not_replace, b)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    def test_where_datetime(self):

        # GH 3311
        df = DataFrame(dict(A=date_range('20130102', periods=5),
                            B=date_range('20130104', periods=5),
                            C=np.random.randn(5)))

        stamp = datetime(2013, 1, 3)
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            df > stamp

        result = df[df.iloc[:, :-1] > stamp]

        expected = df.copy()
        expected.loc[[0, 1], 'A'] = np.nan
        expected.loc[:, 'C'] = np.nan
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    def test_where_none(self):
        # GH 4667
        # setting with None changes dtype
        df = DataFrame({'series': Series(range(10))}).astype(float)
        df[df > 7] = None
        expected = DataFrame(
            {'series': Series([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, np.nan, np.nan])})
        assert_frame_equal(df, expected)

        # GH 7656
        df = DataFrame([{'A': 1, 'B': np.nan, 'C': 'Test'}, {
                       'A': np.nan, 'B': 'Test', 'C': np.nan}])
        msg = 'boolean setting on mixed-type'

        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
            df.where(~isna(df), None, inplace=True)

    def test_where_empty_df_and_empty_cond_having_non_bool_dtypes(self):
        # see gh-21947
        df = pd.DataFrame(columns=["a"])
        cond = df.applymap(lambda x: x > 0)

        result = df.where(cond)
        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, df)

    def test_where_align(self):

        def create():
            df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(10, 3))
            df.iloc[3:5, 0] = np.nan
            df.iloc[4:6, 1] = np.nan
            df.iloc[5:8, 2] = np.nan
            return df

        # series
        df = create()
        expected = df.fillna(df.mean())
        result = df.where(pd.notna(df), df.mean(), axis='columns')
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        df.where(pd.notna(df), df.mean(), inplace=True, axis='columns')
        assert_frame_equal(df, expected)

        df = create().fillna(0)
        expected = df.apply(lambda x, y: x.where(x > 0, y), y=df[0])
        result = df.where(df > 0, df[0], axis='index')
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
        result = df.where(df > 0, df[0], axis='rows')
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        # frame
        df = create()
        expected = df.fillna(1)
        result = df.where(pd.notna(df), DataFrame(
            1, index=df.index, columns=df.columns))
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    def test_where_complex(self):
        # GH 6345
        expected = DataFrame(
            [[1 + 1j, 2], [np.nan, 4 + 1j]], columns=['a', 'b'])
        df = DataFrame([[1 + 1j, 2], [5 + 1j, 4 + 1j]], columns=['a', 'b'])
        df[df.abs() >= 5] = np.nan
        assert_frame_equal(df, expected)

    def test_where_axis(self):
        # GH 9736
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(2, 2))
        mask = DataFrame([[False, False], [False, False]])
        s = Series([0, 1])

        expected = DataFrame([[0, 0], [1, 1]], dtype='float64')
        result = df.where(mask, s, axis='index')
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        result = df.copy()
        result.where(mask, s, axis='index', inplace=True)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        expected = DataFrame([[0, 1], [0, 1]], dtype='float64')
        result = df.where(mask, s, axis='columns')
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        result = df.copy()
        result.where(mask, s, axis='columns', inplace=True)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        # Upcast needed
        df = DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]], dtype='int64')
        mask = DataFrame([[False, False], [False, False]])
        s = Series([0, np.nan])

        expected = DataFrame([[0, 0], [np.nan, np.nan]], dtype='float64')
        result = df.where(mask, s, axis='index')
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        result = df.copy()
        result.where(mask, s, axis='index', inplace=True)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        expected = DataFrame([[0, np.nan], [0, np.nan]])
        result = df.where(mask, s, axis='columns')
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        expected = DataFrame({0: np.array([0, 0], dtype='int64'),
                              1: np.array([np.nan, np.nan], dtype='float64')})
        result = df.copy()
        result.where(mask, s, axis='columns', inplace=True)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        # Multiple dtypes (=> multiple Blocks)
        df = pd.concat([
            DataFrame(np.random.randn(10, 2)),
            DataFrame(np.random.randint(0, 10, size=(10, 2)), dtype='int64')],
            ignore_index=True, axis=1)
        mask = DataFrame(False, columns=df.columns, index=df.index)
        s1 = Series(1, index=df.columns)
        s2 = Series(2, index=df.index)

        result = df.where(mask, s1, axis='columns')
        expected = DataFrame(1.0, columns=df.columns, index=df.index)
        expected[2] = expected[2].astype('int64')
        expected[3] = expected[3].astype('int64')
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        result = df.copy()
        result.where(mask, s1, axis='columns', inplace=True)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        result = df.where(mask, s2, axis='index')
        expected = DataFrame(2.0, columns=df.columns, index=df.index)
        expected[2] = expected[2].astype('int64')
        expected[3] = expected[3].astype('int64')
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        result = df.copy()
        result.where(mask, s2, axis='index', inplace=True)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        # DataFrame vs DataFrame
        d1 = df.copy().drop(1, axis=0)
        expected = df.copy()
        expected.loc[1, :] = np.nan

        result = df.where(mask, d1)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
        result = df.where(mask, d1, axis='index')
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
        result = df.copy()
        result.where(mask, d1, inplace=True)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
        result = df.copy()
        result.where(mask, d1, inplace=True, axis='index')
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        d2 = df.copy().drop(1, axis=1)
        expected = df.copy()
        expected.loc[:, 1] = np.nan

        result = df.where(mask, d2)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
        result = df.where(mask, d2, axis='columns')
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
        result = df.copy()
        result.where(mask, d2, inplace=True)
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
        result = df.copy()
        result.where(mask, d2, inplace=True, axis='columns')
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    def test_where_callable(self):
        # GH 12533
        df = DataFrame([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
        result = df.where(lambda x: x > 4, lambda x: x + 1)
        exp = DataFrame([[2, 3, 4], [5, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, exp)
        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, df.where(df > 4, df + 1))

        # return ndarray and scalar
        result = df.where(lambda x: (x % 2 == 0).values, lambda x: 99)
        exp = DataFrame([[99, 2, 99], [4, 99, 6], [99, 8, 99]])
        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, exp)
        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, df.where(df % 2 == 0, 99))

        # chain
        result = (df + 2).where(lambda x: x > 8, lambda x: x + 10)
        exp = DataFrame([[13, 14, 15], [16, 17, 18], [9, 10, 11]])
        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, exp)
        tm.assert_frame_equal(result,
                              (df + 2).where((df + 2) > 8, (df + 2) + 10))

    def test_where_tz_values(self, tz_naive_fixture):
        df1 = DataFrame(DatetimeIndex(['20150101', '20150102', '20150103'],
                                      tz=tz_naive_fixture),
                        columns=['date'])
        df2 = DataFrame(DatetimeIndex(['20150103', '20150104', '20150105'],
                                      tz=tz_naive_fixture),
                        columns=['date'])
        mask = DataFrame([True, True, False], columns=['date'])
        exp = DataFrame(DatetimeIndex(['20150101', '20150102', '20150105'],
                                      tz=tz_naive_fixture),
                        columns=['date'])
        result = df1.where(mask, df2)
        assert_frame_equal(exp, result)

    def test_mask(self):
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(5, 3))
        cond = df > 0

        rs = df.where(cond, np.nan)
        assert_frame_equal(rs, df.mask(df <= 0))
        assert_frame_equal(rs, df.mask(~cond))

        other = DataFrame(np.random.randn(5, 3))
        rs = df.where(cond, other)
        assert_frame_equal(rs, df.mask(df <= 0, other))
        assert_frame_equal(rs, df.mask(~cond, other))

        # see gh-21891
        df = DataFrame([1, 2])
        res = df.mask([[True], [False]])

        exp = DataFrame([np.nan, 2])
        tm.assert_frame_equal(res, exp)

    def test_mask_inplace(self):
        # GH8801
        df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(5, 3))
        cond = df > 0

        rdf = df.copy()

        rdf.where(cond, inplace=True)
        assert_frame_equal(rdf, df.where(cond))
        assert_frame_equal(rdf, df.mask(~cond))

        rdf = df.copy()
        rdf.where(cond, -df, inplace=True)
        assert_frame_equal(rdf, df.where(cond, -df))
        assert_frame_equal(rdf, df.mask(~cond, -df))

    def test_mask_edge_case_1xN_frame(self):
        # GH4071
        df = DataFrame([[1, 2]])
        res = df.mask(DataFrame([[True, False]]))
        expec = DataFrame([[np.nan, 2]])
        assert_frame_equal(res, expec)

    def test_mask_callable(self):
        # GH 12533
        df = DataFrame([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
        result = df.mask(lambda x: x > 4, lambda x: x + 1)
        exp = DataFrame([[1, 2, 3], [4, 6, 7], [8, 9, 10]])
        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, exp)
        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, df.mask(df > 4, df + 1))

        # return ndarray and scalar
        result = df.mask(lambda x: (x % 2 == 0).values, lambda x: 99)
        exp = DataFrame([[1, 99, 3], [99, 5, 99], [7, 99, 9]])
        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, exp)
        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, df.mask(df % 2 == 0, 99))

        # chain
        result = (df + 2).mask(lambda x: x > 8, lambda x: x + 10)
        exp = DataFrame([[3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8], [19, 20, 21]])
        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, exp)
        tm.assert_frame_equal(result,
                              (df + 2).mask((df + 2) > 8, (df + 2) + 10))

    def test_head_tail(self):
        assert_frame_equal(self.frame.head(), self.frame[:5])
        assert_frame_equal(self.frame.tail(), self.frame[-5:])

        assert_frame_equal(self.frame.head(0), self.frame[0:0])
        assert_frame_equal(self.frame.tail(0), self.frame[0:0])

        assert_frame_equal(self.frame.head(-1), self.frame[:-1])
        assert_frame_equal(self.frame.tail(-1), self.frame[1:])
        assert_frame_equal(self.frame.head(1), self.frame[:1])
        assert_frame_equal(self.frame.tail(1), self.frame[-1:])
        # with a float index
        df = self.frame.copy()
        df.index = np.arange(len(self.frame)) + 0.1
        assert_frame_equal(df.head(), df.iloc[:5])
        assert_frame_equal(df.tail(), df.iloc[-5:])
        assert_frame_equal(df.head(0), df[0:0])
        assert_frame_equal(df.tail(0), df[0:0])
        assert_frame_equal(df.head(-1), df.iloc[:-1])
        assert_frame_equal(df.tail(-1), df.iloc[1:])
        # test empty dataframe
        empty_df = DataFrame()
        assert_frame_equal(empty_df.tail(), empty_df)
        assert_frame_equal(empty_df.head(), empty_df)

    def test_type_error_multiindex(self):
        # See gh-12218
        df = DataFrame(columns=['i', 'c', 'x', 'y'],
                       data=[[0, 0, 1, 2], [1, 0, 3, 4],
                             [0, 1, 1, 2], [1, 1, 3, 4]])
        dg = df.pivot_table(index='i', columns='c',
                            values=['x', 'y'])

        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="is an invalid key"):
            str(dg[:, 0])

        index = Index(range(2), name='i')
        columns = MultiIndex(levels=[['x', 'y'], [0, 1]],
                             codes=[[0, 1], [0, 0]],
                             names=[None, 'c'])
        expected = DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]], columns=columns, index=index)

        result = dg.loc[:, (slice(None), 0)]
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

        name = ('x', 0)
        index = Index(range(2), name='i')
        expected = Series([1, 3], index=index, name=name)

        result = dg['x', 0]
        assert_series_equal(result, expected)

    def test_interval_index(self):
        # GH 19977
        index = pd.interval_range(start=0, periods=3)
        df = pd.DataFrame([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]],
                          index=index,
                          columns=['A', 'B', 'C'])

        expected = 1
        result = df.loc[0.5, 'A']
        assert_almost_equal(result, expected)

        index = pd.interval_range(start=0, periods=3, closed='both')
        df = pd.DataFrame([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]],
                          index=index,
                          columns=['A', 'B', 'C'])

        index_exp = pd.interval_range(start=0, periods=2,
                                      freq=1, closed='both')
        expected = pd.Series([1, 4], index=index_exp, name='A')
        result = df.loc[1, 'A']
        assert_series_equal(result, expected)


class TestDataFrameIndexingDatetimeWithTZ(TestData):

    def setup_method(self, method):
        self.idx = Index(date_range('20130101', periods=3, tz='US/Eastern'),
                         name='foo')
        self.dr = date_range('20130110', periods=3)
        self.df = DataFrame({'A': self.idx, 'B': self.dr})

    def test_setitem(self):

        df = self.df
        idx = self.idx

        # setitem
        df['C'] = idx
        assert_series_equal(df['C'], Series(idx, name='C'))

        df['D'] = 'foo'
        df['D'] = idx
        assert_series_equal(df['D'], Series(idx, name='D'))
        del df['D']

        # assert that A & C are not sharing the same base (e.g. they
        # are copies)
        b1 = df._data.blocks[1]
        b2 = df._data.blocks[2]
        tm.assert_extension_array_equal(b1.values, b2.values)
        assert id(b1.values._data.base) != id(b2.values._data.base)

        # with nan
        df2 = df.copy()
        df2.iloc[1, 1] = pd.NaT
        df2.iloc[1, 2] = pd.NaT
        result = df2['B']
        assert_series_equal(notna(result), Series(
            [True, False, True], name='B'))
        assert_series_equal(df2.dtypes, df.dtypes)

    def test_set_reset(self):

        idx = self.idx

        # set/reset
        df = DataFrame({'A': [0, 1, 2]}, index=idx)
        result = df.reset_index()
        assert result['foo'].dtype, 'M8[ns, US/Eastern'

        df = result.set_index('foo')
        tm.assert_index_equal(df.index, idx)

    def test_transpose(self):

        result = self.df.T
        expected = DataFrame(self.df.values.T)
        expected.index = ['A', 'B']
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    def test_scalar_assignment(self):
        # issue #19843
        df = pd.DataFrame(index=(0, 1, 2))
        df['now'] = pd.Timestamp('20130101', tz='UTC')
        expected = pd.DataFrame(
            {'now': pd.Timestamp('20130101', tz='UTC')}, index=[0, 1, 2])
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)


class TestDataFrameIndexingUInt64(TestData):

    def setup_method(self, method):
        self.ir = Index(np.arange(3), dtype=np.uint64)
        self.idx = Index([2**63, 2**63 + 5, 2**63 + 10], name='foo')

        self.df = DataFrame({'A': self.idx, 'B': self.ir})

    def test_setitem(self):

        df = self.df
        idx = self.idx

        # setitem
        df['C'] = idx
        assert_series_equal(df['C'], Series(idx, name='C'))

        df['D'] = 'foo'
        df['D'] = idx
        assert_series_equal(df['D'], Series(idx, name='D'))
        del df['D']

        # With NaN: because uint64 has no NaN element,
        # the column should be cast to object.
        df2 = df.copy()
        df2.iloc[1, 1] = pd.NaT
        df2.iloc[1, 2] = pd.NaT
        result = df2['B']
        assert_series_equal(notna(result), Series(
            [True, False, True], name='B'))
        assert_series_equal(df2.dtypes, Series([np.dtype('uint64'),
                                                np.dtype('O'), np.dtype('O')],
                                               index=['A', 'B', 'C']))

    def test_set_reset(self):

        idx = self.idx

        # set/reset
        df = DataFrame({'A': [0, 1, 2]}, index=idx)
        result = df.reset_index()
        assert result['foo'].dtype == np.dtype('uint64')

        df = result.set_index('foo')
        tm.assert_index_equal(df.index, idx)

    def test_transpose(self):

        result = self.df.T
        expected = DataFrame(self.df.values.T)
        expected.index = ['A', 'B']
        assert_frame_equal(result, expected)


class TestDataFrameIndexingCategorical(object):

    def test_assignment(self):
        # assignment
        df = DataFrame({'value': np.array(
            np.random.randint(0, 10000, 100), dtype='int32')})
        labels = Categorical(["{0} - {1}".format(i, i + 499)
                              for i in range(0, 10000, 500)])

        df = df.sort_values(by=['value'], ascending=True)
        s = pd.cut(df.value, range(0, 10500, 500), right=False, labels=labels)
        d = s.values
        df['D'] = d
        str(df)

        result = df.dtypes
        expected = Series(
            [np.dtype('int32'), CategoricalDtype(categories=labels,
                                                 ordered=False)],
            index=['value', 'D'])
        tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)

        df['E'] = s
        str(df)

        result = df.dtypes
        expected = Series([np.dtype('int32'),
                           CategoricalDtype(categories=labels, ordered=False),
                           CategoricalDtype(categories=labels, ordered=False)],
                          index=['value', 'D', 'E'])
        tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)

        result1 = df['D']
        result2 = df['E']
        tm.assert_categorical_equal(result1._data._block.values, d)

        # sorting
        s.name = 'E'
        tm.assert_series_equal(result2.sort_index(), s.sort_index())

        cat = Categorical([1, 2, 3, 10], categories=[1, 2, 3, 4, 10])
        df = DataFrame(Series(cat))

    def test_assigning_ops(self):
        # systematically test the assigning operations:
        # for all slicing ops:
        #  for value in categories and value not in categories:

        #   - assign a single value -> exp_single_cats_value

        #   - assign a complete row (mixed values) -> exp_single_row

        # assign multiple rows (mixed values) (-> array) -> exp_multi_row

        # assign a part of a column with dtype == categorical ->
        # exp_parts_cats_col

        # assign a part of a column with dtype != categorical ->
        # exp_parts_cats_col

        cats = Categorical(["a", "a", "a", "a", "a", "a", "a"],
                           categories=["a", "b"])
        idx = Index(["h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n"])
        values = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
        orig = DataFrame({"cats": cats, "values": values}, index=idx)

        # the expected values
        # changed single row
        cats1 = Categorical(["a", "a", "b", "a", "a", "a", "a"],
                            categories=["a", "b"])
        idx1 = Index(["h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n"])
        values1 = [1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1]
        exp_single_row = DataFrame({"cats": cats1,
                                    "values": values1}, index=idx1)

        # changed multiple rows
        cats2 = Categorical(["a", "a", "b", "b", "a", "a", "a"],
                            categories=["a", "b"])
        idx2 = Index(["h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n"])
        values2 = [1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1]
        exp_multi_row = DataFrame({"cats": cats2,
                                   "values": values2}, index=idx2)

        # changed part of the cats column
        cats3 = Categorical(
            ["a", "a", "b", "b", "a", "a", "a"], categories=["a", "b"])
        idx3 = Index(["h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n"])
        values3 = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
        exp_parts_cats_col = DataFrame({"cats": cats3,
                                        "values": values3}, index=idx3)

        # changed single value in cats col
        cats4 = Categorical(
            ["a", "a", "b", "a", "a", "a", "a"], categories=["a", "b"])
        idx4 = Index(["h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n"])
        values4 = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
        exp_single_cats_value = DataFrame({"cats": cats4,
                                           "values": values4}, index=idx4)

        #  iloc
        # ###############
        #   - assign a single value -> exp_single_cats_value
        df = orig.copy()
        df.iloc[2, 0] = "b"
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_single_cats_value)

        df = orig.copy()
        df.iloc[df.index == "j", 0] = "b"
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_single_cats_value)

        #   - assign a single value not in the current categories set
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            df = orig.copy()
            df.iloc[2, 0] = "c"

        #   - assign a complete row (mixed values) -> exp_single_row
        df = orig.copy()
        df.iloc[2, :] = ["b", 2]
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_single_row)

        #   - assign a complete row (mixed values) not in categories set
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            df = orig.copy()
            df.iloc[2, :] = ["c", 2]

        #   - assign multiple rows (mixed values) -> exp_multi_row
        df = orig.copy()
        df.iloc[2:4, :] = [["b", 2], ["b", 2]]
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_multi_row)

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            df = orig.copy()
            df.iloc[2:4, :] = [["c", 2], ["c", 2]]

        # assign a part of a column with dtype == categorical ->
        # exp_parts_cats_col
        df = orig.copy()
        df.iloc[2:4, 0] = Categorical(["b", "b"], categories=["a", "b"])
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_parts_cats_col)

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            # different categories -> not sure if this should fail or pass
            df = orig.copy()
            df.iloc[2:4, 0] = Categorical(list('bb'), categories=list('abc'))

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            # different values
            df = orig.copy()
            df.iloc[2:4, 0] = Categorical(list('cc'), categories=list('abc'))

        # assign a part of a column with dtype != categorical ->
        # exp_parts_cats_col
        df = orig.copy()
        df.iloc[2:4, 0] = ["b", "b"]
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_parts_cats_col)

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            df.iloc[2:4, 0] = ["c", "c"]

        #  loc
        # ##############
        #   - assign a single value -> exp_single_cats_value
        df = orig.copy()
        df.loc["j", "cats"] = "b"
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_single_cats_value)

        df = orig.copy()
        df.loc[df.index == "j", "cats"] = "b"
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_single_cats_value)

        #   - assign a single value not in the current categories set
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            df = orig.copy()
            df.loc["j", "cats"] = "c"

        #   - assign a complete row (mixed values) -> exp_single_row
        df = orig.copy()
        df.loc["j", :] = ["b", 2]
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_single_row)

        #   - assign a complete row (mixed values) not in categories set
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            df = orig.copy()
            df.loc["j", :] = ["c", 2]

        #   - assign multiple rows (mixed values) -> exp_multi_row
        df = orig.copy()
        df.loc["j":"k", :] = [["b", 2], ["b", 2]]
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_multi_row)

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            df = orig.copy()
            df.loc["j":"k", :] = [["c", 2], ["c", 2]]

        # assign a part of a column with dtype == categorical ->
        # exp_parts_cats_col
        df = orig.copy()
        df.loc["j":"k", "cats"] = Categorical(
            ["b", "b"], categories=["a", "b"])
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_parts_cats_col)

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            # different categories -> not sure if this should fail or pass
            df = orig.copy()
            df.loc["j":"k", "cats"] = Categorical(
                ["b", "b"], categories=["a", "b", "c"])

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            # different values
            df = orig.copy()
            df.loc["j":"k", "cats"] = Categorical(
                ["c", "c"], categories=["a", "b", "c"])

        # assign a part of a column with dtype != categorical ->
        # exp_parts_cats_col
        df = orig.copy()
        df.loc["j":"k", "cats"] = ["b", "b"]
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_parts_cats_col)

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            df.loc["j":"k", "cats"] = ["c", "c"]

        #  loc
        # ##############
        #   - assign a single value -> exp_single_cats_value
        df = orig.copy()
        df.loc["j", df.columns[0]] = "b"
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_single_cats_value)

        df = orig.copy()
        df.loc[df.index == "j", df.columns[0]] = "b"
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_single_cats_value)

        #   - assign a single value not in the current categories set
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            df = orig.copy()
            df.loc["j", df.columns[0]] = "c"

        #   - assign a complete row (mixed values) -> exp_single_row
        df = orig.copy()
        df.loc["j", :] = ["b", 2]
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_single_row)

        #   - assign a complete row (mixed values) not in categories set
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            df = orig.copy()
            df.loc["j", :] = ["c", 2]

        #   - assign multiple rows (mixed values) -> exp_multi_row
        df = orig.copy()
        df.loc["j":"k", :] = [["b", 2], ["b", 2]]
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_multi_row)

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            df = orig.copy()
            df.loc["j":"k", :] = [["c", 2], ["c", 2]]

        # assign a part of a column with dtype == categorical ->
        # exp_parts_cats_col
        df = orig.copy()
        df.loc["j":"k", df.columns[0]] = Categorical(
            ["b", "b"], categories=["a", "b"])
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_parts_cats_col)

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            # different categories -> not sure if this should fail or pass
            df = orig.copy()
            df.loc["j":"k", df.columns[0]] = Categorical(
                ["b", "b"], categories=["a", "b", "c"])

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            # different values
            df = orig.copy()
            df.loc["j":"k", df.columns[0]] = Categorical(
                ["c", "c"], categories=["a", "b", "c"])

        # assign a part of a column with dtype != categorical ->
        # exp_parts_cats_col
        df = orig.copy()
        df.loc["j":"k", df.columns[0]] = ["b", "b"]
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_parts_cats_col)

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            df.loc["j":"k", df.columns[0]] = ["c", "c"]

        # iat
        df = orig.copy()
        df.iat[2, 0] = "b"
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_single_cats_value)

        #   - assign a single value not in the current categories set
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            df = orig.copy()
            df.iat[2, 0] = "c"

        # at
        #   - assign a single value -> exp_single_cats_value
        df = orig.copy()
        df.at["j", "cats"] = "b"
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_single_cats_value)

        #   - assign a single value not in the current categories set
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            df = orig.copy()
            df.at["j", "cats"] = "c"

        # fancy indexing
        catsf = Categorical(["a", "a", "c", "c", "a", "a", "a"],
                            categories=["a", "b", "c"])
        idxf = Index(["h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n"])
        valuesf = [1, 1, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1]
        df = DataFrame({"cats": catsf, "values": valuesf}, index=idxf)

        exp_fancy = exp_multi_row.copy()
        exp_fancy["cats"].cat.set_categories(["a", "b", "c"], inplace=True)

        df[df["cats"] == "c"] = ["b", 2]
        # category c is kept in .categories
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_fancy)

        # set_value
        df = orig.copy()
        df.at["j", "cats"] = "b"
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp_single_cats_value)

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            df = orig.copy()
            df.at["j", "cats"] = "c"

        # Assigning a Category to parts of a int/... column uses the values of
        # the Catgorical
        df = DataFrame({"a": [1, 1, 1, 1, 1], "b": list("aaaaa")})
        exp = DataFrame({"a": [1, "b", "b", 1, 1], "b": list("aabba")})
        df.loc[1:2, "a"] = Categorical(["b", "b"], categories=["a", "b"])
        df.loc[2:3, "b"] = Categorical(["b", "b"], categories=["a", "b"])
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp)

    def test_functions_no_warnings(self):
        df = DataFrame({'value': np.random.randint(0, 100, 20)})
        labels = ["{0} - {1}".format(i, i + 9) for i in range(0, 100, 10)]
        with tm.assert_produces_warning(False):
            df['group'] = pd.cut(df.value, range(0, 105, 10), right=False,
                                 labels=labels)

    def test_getitem_zerodim_np_array(self):
        # GH24924
        df = DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]])

        # should not raise an error
        result = df[np.array(0)]

        # expected series
        sr = pd.Series([1, 3], name=0)
        tm.assert_series_equal(result, sr)