test_style.py

import copy
import re
from textwrap import dedent

import numpy as np
import pytest

from pandas import (
    DataFrame,
    IndexSlice,
    MultiIndex,
    Series,
    option_context,
)
import pandas._testing as tm

jinja2 = pytest.importorskip("jinja2")
from pandas.io.formats.style import (  # isort:skip
    Styler,
)
from pandas.io.formats.style_render import (
    _get_level_lengths,
    _get_trimming_maximums,
    maybe_convert_css_to_tuples,
    non_reducing_slice,
)


@pytest.fixture
def mi_df():
    return DataFrame(
        [[1, 2], [3, 4]],
        index=MultiIndex.from_product([["i0"], ["i1_a", "i1_b"]]),
        columns=MultiIndex.from_product([["c0"], ["c1_a", "c1_b"]]),
        dtype=int,
    )


@pytest.fixture
def mi_styler(mi_df):
    return Styler(mi_df, uuid_len=0)


@pytest.fixture
def mi_styler_comp(mi_styler):
    # comprehensively add features to mi_styler
    mi_styler = mi_styler._copy(deepcopy=True)
    mi_styler.css = {**mi_styler.css, **{"row": "ROW", "col": "COL"}}
    mi_styler.uuid_len = 5
    mi_styler.uuid = "abcde"
    mi_styler.set_caption("capt")
    mi_styler.set_table_styles([{"selector": "a", "props": "a:v;"}])
    mi_styler.hide(axis="columns")
    mi_styler.hide([("c0", "c1_a")], axis="columns", names=True)
    mi_styler.hide(axis="index")
    mi_styler.hide([("i0", "i1_a")], axis="index", names=True)
    mi_styler.set_table_attributes('class="box"')
    other = mi_styler.data.agg(["mean"])
    other.index = MultiIndex.from_product([[""], other.index])
    mi_styler.concat(other.style)
    mi_styler.format(na_rep="MISSING", precision=3)
    mi_styler.format_index(precision=2, axis=0)
    mi_styler.format_index(precision=4, axis=1)
    mi_styler.highlight_max(axis=None)
    mi_styler.applymap_index(lambda x: "color: white;", axis=0)
    mi_styler.applymap_index(lambda x: "color: black;", axis=1)
    mi_styler.set_td_classes(
        DataFrame(
            [["a", "b"], ["a", "c"]], index=mi_styler.index, columns=mi_styler.columns
        )
    )
    mi_styler.set_tooltips(
        DataFrame(
            [["a2", "b2"], ["a2", "c2"]],
            index=mi_styler.index,
            columns=mi_styler.columns,
        )
    )
    return mi_styler


@pytest.fixture
def blank_value():
    return " "


@pytest.fixture
def df():
    np.random.seed(24)
    df = DataFrame({"A": [0, 1], "B": np.random.randn(2)})
    return df


@pytest.fixture
def styler(df):
    np.random.seed(24)
    df = DataFrame({"A": [0, 1], "B": np.random.randn(2)})
    return Styler(df)


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "sparse_columns, exp_cols",
    [
        (
            True,
            [
                {"is_visible": True, "attributes": 'colspan="2"', "value": "c0"},
                {"is_visible": False, "attributes": "", "value": "c0"},
            ],
        ),
        (
            False,
            [
                {"is_visible": True, "attributes": "", "value": "c0"},
                {"is_visible": True, "attributes": "", "value": "c0"},
            ],
        ),
    ],
)
def test_mi_styler_sparsify_columns(mi_styler, sparse_columns, exp_cols):
    exp_l1_c0 = {"is_visible": True, "attributes": "", "display_value": "c1_a"}
    exp_l1_c1 = {"is_visible": True, "attributes": "", "display_value": "c1_b"}

    ctx = mi_styler._translate(True, sparse_columns)

    assert exp_cols[0].items() <= ctx["head"][0][2].items()
    assert exp_cols[1].items() <= ctx["head"][0][3].items()
    assert exp_l1_c0.items() <= ctx["head"][1][2].items()
    assert exp_l1_c1.items() <= ctx["head"][1][3].items()


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "sparse_index, exp_rows",
    [
        (
            True,
            [
                {"is_visible": True, "attributes": 'rowspan="2"', "value": "i0"},
                {"is_visible": False, "attributes": "", "value": "i0"},
            ],
        ),
        (
            False,
            [
                {"is_visible": True, "attributes": "", "value": "i0"},
                {"is_visible": True, "attributes": "", "value": "i0"},
            ],
        ),
    ],
)
def test_mi_styler_sparsify_index(mi_styler, sparse_index, exp_rows):
    exp_l1_r0 = {"is_visible": True, "attributes": "", "display_value": "i1_a"}
    exp_l1_r1 = {"is_visible": True, "attributes": "", "display_value": "i1_b"}

    ctx = mi_styler._translate(sparse_index, True)

    assert exp_rows[0].items() <= ctx["body"][0][0].items()
    assert exp_rows[1].items() <= ctx["body"][1][0].items()
    assert exp_l1_r0.items() <= ctx["body"][0][1].items()
    assert exp_l1_r1.items() <= ctx["body"][1][1].items()


def test_mi_styler_sparsify_options(mi_styler):
    with option_context("styler.sparse.index", False):
        html1 = mi_styler.to_html()
    with option_context("styler.sparse.index", True):
        html2 = mi_styler.to_html()

    assert html1 != html2

    with option_context("styler.sparse.columns", False):
        html1 = mi_styler.to_html()
    with option_context("styler.sparse.columns", True):
        html2 = mi_styler.to_html()

    assert html1 != html2


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "rn, cn, max_els, max_rows, max_cols, exp_rn, exp_cn",
    [
        (100, 100, 100, None, None, 12, 6),  # reduce to (12, 6) < 100 elements
        (1000, 3, 750, None, None, 250, 3),  # dynamically reduce rows to 250, keep cols
        (4, 1000, 500, None, None, 4, 125),  # dynamically reduce cols to 125, keep rows
        (1000, 3, 750, 10, None, 10, 3),  # overwrite above dynamics with max_row
        (4, 1000, 500, None, 5, 4, 5),  # overwrite above dynamics with max_col
        (100, 100, 700, 50, 50, 25, 25),  # rows cols below given maxes so < 700 elmts
    ],
)
def test_trimming_maximum(rn, cn, max_els, max_rows, max_cols, exp_rn, exp_cn):
    rn, cn = _get_trimming_maximums(
        rn, cn, max_els, max_rows, max_cols, scaling_factor=0.5
    )
    assert (rn, cn) == (exp_rn, exp_cn)


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "option, val",
    [
        ("styler.render.max_elements", 6),
        ("styler.render.max_rows", 3),
    ],
)
def test_render_trimming_rows(option, val):
    # test auto and specific trimming of rows
    df = DataFrame(np.arange(120).reshape(60, 2))
    with option_context(option, val):
        ctx = df.style._translate(True, True)
    assert len(ctx["head"][0]) == 3  # index + 2 data cols
    assert len(ctx["body"]) == 4  # 3 data rows + trimming row
    assert len(ctx["body"][0]) == 3  # index + 2 data cols


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "option, val",
    [
        ("styler.render.max_elements", 6),
        ("styler.render.max_columns", 2),
    ],
)
def test_render_trimming_cols(option, val):
    # test auto and specific trimming of cols
    df = DataFrame(np.arange(30).reshape(3, 10))
    with option_context(option, val):
        ctx = df.style._translate(True, True)
    assert len(ctx["head"][0]) == 4  # index + 2 data cols + trimming col
    assert len(ctx["body"]) == 3  # 3 data rows
    assert len(ctx["body"][0]) == 4  # index + 2 data cols + trimming col


def test_render_trimming_mi():
    midx = MultiIndex.from_product([[1, 2], [1, 2, 3]])
    df = DataFrame(np.arange(36).reshape(6, 6), columns=midx, index=midx)
    with option_context("styler.render.max_elements", 4):
        ctx = df.style._translate(True, True)

    assert len(ctx["body"][0]) == 5  # 2 indexes + 2 data cols + trimming row
    assert {"attributes": 'rowspan="2"'}.items() <= ctx["body"][0][0].items()
    assert {"class": "data row0 col_trim"}.items() <= ctx["body"][0][4].items()
    assert {"class": "data row_trim col_trim"}.items() <= ctx["body"][2][4].items()
    assert len(ctx["body"]) == 3  # 2 data rows + trimming row


def test_render_empty_mi():
    # GH 43305
    df = DataFrame(index=MultiIndex.from_product([["A"], [0, 1]], names=[None, "one"]))
    expected = dedent(
        """\
    >
      <thead>
        <tr>
          <th class="index_name level0" >&nbsp;</th>
          <th class="index_name level1" >one</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
    """
    )
    assert expected in df.style.to_html()


@pytest.mark.parametrize("comprehensive", [True, False])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("render", [True, False])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("deepcopy", [True, False])
def test_copy(comprehensive, render, deepcopy, mi_styler, mi_styler_comp):
    styler = mi_styler_comp if comprehensive else mi_styler
    styler.uuid_len = 5

    s2 = copy.deepcopy(styler) if deepcopy else copy.copy(styler)  # make copy and check
    assert s2 is not styler

    if render:
        styler.to_html()

    excl = [
        "cellstyle_map",  # render time vars..
        "cellstyle_map_columns",
        "cellstyle_map_index",
        "template_latex",  # render templates are class level
        "template_html",
        "template_html_style",
        "template_html_table",
    ]
    if not deepcopy:  # check memory locations are equal for all included attributes
        for attr in [a for a in styler.__dict__ if (not callable(a) and a not in excl)]:
            assert id(getattr(s2, attr)) == id(getattr(styler, attr))
    else:  # check memory locations are different for nested or mutable vars
        shallow = [
            "data",
            "columns",
            "index",
            "uuid_len",
            "uuid",
            "caption",
            "cell_ids",
            "hide_index_",
            "hide_columns_",
            "hide_index_names",
            "hide_column_names",
            "table_attributes",
        ]
        for attr in shallow:
            assert id(getattr(s2, attr)) == id(getattr(styler, attr))

        for attr in [
            a
            for a in styler.__dict__
            if (not callable(a) and a not in excl and a not in shallow)
        ]:
            if getattr(s2, attr) is None:
                assert id(getattr(s2, attr)) == id(getattr(styler, attr))
            else:
                assert id(getattr(s2, attr)) != id(getattr(styler, attr))


def test_clear(mi_styler_comp):
    # NOTE: if this test fails for new features then 'mi_styler_comp' should be updated
    # to ensure proper testing of the 'copy', 'clear', 'export' methods with new feature
    # GH 40675
    styler = mi_styler_comp
    styler._compute()  # execute applied methods

    clean_copy = Styler(styler.data, uuid=styler.uuid)

    excl = [
        "data",
        "index",
        "columns",
        "uuid",
        "uuid_len",  # uuid is set to be the same on styler and clean_copy
        "cell_ids",
        "cellstyle_map",  # execution time only
        "cellstyle_map_columns",  # execution time only
        "cellstyle_map_index",  # execution time only
        "template_latex",  # render templates are class level
        "template_html",
        "template_html_style",
        "template_html_table",
    ]
    # tests vars are not same vals on obj and clean copy before clear (except for excl)
    for attr in [a for a in styler.__dict__ if not (callable(a) or a in excl)]:
        res = getattr(styler, attr) == getattr(clean_copy, attr)
        if hasattr(res, "__iter__") and len(res) > 0:
            assert not all(res)  # some element in iterable differs
        elif hasattr(res, "__iter__") and len(res) == 0:
            pass  # empty array
        else:
            assert not res  # explicit var differs

    # test vars have same vales on obj and clean copy after clearing
    styler.clear()
    for attr in [a for a in styler.__dict__ if not callable(a)]:
        res = getattr(styler, attr) == getattr(clean_copy, attr)
        assert all(res) if hasattr(res, "__iter__") else res


def test_export(mi_styler_comp, mi_styler):
    exp_attrs = [
        "_todo",
        "hide_index_",
        "hide_index_names",
        "hide_columns_",
        "hide_column_names",
        "table_attributes",
        "table_styles",
        "css",
    ]
    for attr in exp_attrs:
        check = getattr(mi_styler, attr) == getattr(mi_styler_comp, attr)
        assert not (
            all(check) if (hasattr(check, "__iter__") and len(check) > 0) else check
        )

    export = mi_styler_comp.export()
    used = mi_styler.use(export)
    for attr in exp_attrs:
        check = getattr(used, attr) == getattr(mi_styler_comp, attr)
        assert all(check) if (hasattr(check, "__iter__") and len(check) > 0) else check

    used.to_html()


def test_hide_raises(mi_styler):
    msg = "`subset` and `level` cannot be passed simultaneously"
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
        mi_styler.hide(axis="index", subset="something", level="something else")

    msg = "`level` must be of type `int`, `str` or list of such"
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
        mi_styler.hide(axis="index", level={"bad": 1, "type": 2})


@pytest.mark.parametrize("level", [1, "one", [1], ["one"]])
def test_hide_index_level(mi_styler, level):
    mi_styler.index.names, mi_styler.columns.names = ["zero", "one"], ["zero", "one"]
    ctx = mi_styler.hide(axis="index", level=level)._translate(False, True)
    assert len(ctx["head"][0]) == 3
    assert len(ctx["head"][1]) == 3
    assert len(ctx["head"][2]) == 4
    assert ctx["head"][2][0]["is_visible"]
    assert not ctx["head"][2][1]["is_visible"]

    assert ctx["body"][0][0]["is_visible"]
    assert not ctx["body"][0][1]["is_visible"]
    assert ctx["body"][1][0]["is_visible"]
    assert not ctx["body"][1][1]["is_visible"]


@pytest.mark.parametrize("level", [1, "one", [1], ["one"]])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("names", [True, False])
def test_hide_columns_level(mi_styler, level, names):
    mi_styler.columns.names = ["zero", "one"]
    if names:
        mi_styler.index.names = ["zero", "one"]
    ctx = mi_styler.hide(axis="columns", level=level)._translate(True, False)
    assert len(ctx["head"]) == (2 if names else 1)


@pytest.mark.parametrize("method", ["applymap", "apply"])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("axis", ["index", "columns"])
def test_apply_map_header(method, axis):
    # GH 41893
    df = DataFrame({"A": [0, 0], "B": [1, 1]}, index=["C", "D"])
    func = {
        "apply": lambda s: ["attr: val" if ("A" in v or "C" in v) else "" for v in s],
        "applymap": lambda v: "attr: val" if ("A" in v or "C" in v) else "",
    }

    # test execution added to todo
    result = getattr(df.style, f"{method}_index")(func[method], axis=axis)
    assert len(result._todo) == 1
    assert len(getattr(result, f"ctx_{axis}")) == 0

    # test ctx object on compute
    result._compute()
    expected = {
        (0, 0): [("attr", "val")],
    }
    assert getattr(result, f"ctx_{axis}") == expected


@pytest.mark.parametrize("method", ["apply", "applymap"])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("axis", ["index", "columns"])
def test_apply_map_header_mi(mi_styler, method, axis):
    # GH 41893
    func = {
        "apply": lambda s: ["attr: val;" if "b" in v else "" for v in s],
        "applymap": lambda v: "attr: val" if "b" in v else "",
    }
    result = getattr(mi_styler, f"{method}_index")(func[method], axis=axis)._compute()
    expected = {(1, 1): [("attr", "val")]}
    assert getattr(result, f"ctx_{axis}") == expected


def test_apply_map_header_raises(mi_styler):
    # GH 41893
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="No axis named bad for object type DataFrame"):
        mi_styler.applymap_index(lambda v: "attr: val;", axis="bad")._compute()


class TestStyler:
    def test_init_non_pandas(self):
        msg = "``data`` must be a Series or DataFrame"
        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
            Styler([1, 2, 3])

    def test_init_series(self):
        result = Styler(Series([1, 2]))
        assert result.data.ndim == 2

    def test_repr_html_ok(self, styler):
        styler._repr_html_()

    def test_repr_html_mathjax(self, styler):
        # gh-19824 / 41395
        assert "tex2jax_ignore" not in styler._repr_html_()

        with option_context("styler.html.mathjax", False):
            assert "tex2jax_ignore" in styler._repr_html_()

    def test_update_ctx(self, styler):
        styler._update_ctx(DataFrame({"A": ["color: red", "color: blue"]}))
        expected = {(0, 0): [("color", "red")], (1, 0): [("color", "blue")]}
        assert styler.ctx == expected

    def test_update_ctx_flatten_multi_and_trailing_semi(self, styler):
        attrs = DataFrame({"A": ["color: red; foo: bar", "color:blue ; foo: baz;"]})
        styler._update_ctx(attrs)
        expected = {
            (0, 0): [("color", "red"), ("foo", "bar")],
            (1, 0): [("color", "blue"), ("foo", "baz")],
        }
        assert styler.ctx == expected

    def test_render(self):
        df = DataFrame({"A": [0, 1]})
        style = lambda x: Series(["color: red", "color: blue"], name=x.name)
        s = Styler(df, uuid="AB").apply(style)
        s.to_html()
        # it worked?

    def test_multiple_render(self, df):
        # GH 39396
        s = Styler(df, uuid_len=0).applymap(lambda x: "color: red;", subset=["A"])
        s.to_html()  # do 2 renders to ensure css styles not duplicated
        assert (
            '<style type="text/css">\n#T__row0_col0, #T__row1_col0 {\n'
            "  color: red;\n}\n</style>" in s.to_html()
        )

    def test_render_empty_dfs(self):
        empty_df = DataFrame()
        es = Styler(empty_df)
        es.to_html()
        # An index but no columns
        DataFrame(columns=["a"]).style.to_html()
        # A column but no index
        DataFrame(index=["a"]).style.to_html()
        # No IndexError raised?

    def test_render_double(self):
        df = DataFrame({"A": [0, 1]})
        style = lambda x: Series(
            ["color: red; border: 1px", "color: blue; border: 2px"], name=x.name
        )
        s = Styler(df, uuid="AB").apply(style)
        s.to_html()
        # it worked?

    def test_set_properties(self):
        df = DataFrame({"A": [0, 1]})
        result = df.style.set_properties(color="white", size="10px")._compute().ctx
        # order is deterministic
        v = [("color", "white"), ("size", "10px")]
        expected = {(0, 0): v, (1, 0): v}
        assert result.keys() == expected.keys()
        for v1, v2 in zip(result.values(), expected.values()):
            assert sorted(v1) == sorted(v2)

    def test_set_properties_subset(self):
        df = DataFrame({"A": [0, 1]})
        result = (
            df.style.set_properties(subset=IndexSlice[0, "A"], color="white")
            ._compute()
            .ctx
        )
        expected = {(0, 0): [("color", "white")]}
        assert result == expected

    def test_empty_index_name_doesnt_display(self, blank_value):
        # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/12090#issuecomment-180695902
        df = DataFrame({"A": [1, 2], "B": [3, 4], "C": [5, 6]})
        result = df.style._translate(True, True)
        assert len(result["head"]) == 1
        expected = {
            "class": "blank level0",
            "type": "th",
            "value": blank_value,
            "is_visible": True,
            "display_value": blank_value,
        }
        assert expected.items() <= result["head"][0][0].items()

    def test_index_name(self):
        # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/11655
        df = DataFrame({"A": [1, 2], "B": [3, 4], "C": [5, 6]})
        result = df.set_index("A").style._translate(True, True)
        expected = {
            "class": "index_name level0",
            "type": "th",
            "value": "A",
            "is_visible": True,
            "display_value": "A",
        }
        assert expected.items() <= result["head"][1][0].items()

    def test_numeric_columns(self):
        # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/12125
        # smoke test for _translate
        df = DataFrame({0: [1, 2, 3]})
        df.style._translate(True, True)

    def test_apply_axis(self):
        df = DataFrame({"A": [0, 0], "B": [1, 1]})
        f = lambda x: [f"val: {x.max()}" for v in x]
        result = df.style.apply(f, axis=1)
        assert len(result._todo) == 1
        assert len(result.ctx) == 0
        result._compute()
        expected = {
            (0, 0): [("val", "1")],
            (0, 1): [("val", "1")],
            (1, 0): [("val", "1")],
            (1, 1): [("val", "1")],
        }
        assert result.ctx == expected

        result = df.style.apply(f, axis=0)
        expected = {
            (0, 0): [("val", "0")],
            (0, 1): [("val", "1")],
            (1, 0): [("val", "0")],
            (1, 1): [("val", "1")],
        }
        result._compute()
        assert result.ctx == expected
        result = df.style.apply(f)  # default
        result._compute()
        assert result.ctx == expected

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("axis", [0, 1])
    def test_apply_series_return(self, axis):
        # GH 42014
        df = DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]], index=["X", "Y"], columns=["X", "Y"])

        # test Series return where len(Series) < df.index or df.columns but labels OK
        func = lambda s: Series(["color: red;"], index=["Y"])
        result = df.style.apply(func, axis=axis)._compute().ctx
        assert result[(1, 1)] == [("color", "red")]
        assert result[(1 - axis, axis)] == [("color", "red")]

        # test Series return where labels align but different order
        func = lambda s: Series(["color: red;", "color: blue;"], index=["Y", "X"])
        result = df.style.apply(func, axis=axis)._compute().ctx
        assert result[(0, 0)] == [("color", "blue")]
        assert result[(1, 1)] == [("color", "red")]
        assert result[(1 - axis, axis)] == [("color", "red")]
        assert result[(axis, 1 - axis)] == [("color", "blue")]

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("index", [False, True])
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("columns", [False, True])
    def test_apply_dataframe_return(self, index, columns):
        # GH 42014
        df = DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]], index=["X", "Y"], columns=["X", "Y"])
        idxs = ["X", "Y"] if index else ["Y"]
        cols = ["X", "Y"] if columns else ["Y"]
        df_styles = DataFrame("color: red;", index=idxs, columns=cols)
        result = df.style.apply(lambda x: df_styles, axis=None)._compute().ctx

        assert result[(1, 1)] == [("color", "red")]  # (Y,Y) styles always present
        assert (result[(0, 1)] == [("color", "red")]) is index  # (X,Y) only if index
        assert (result[(1, 0)] == [("color", "red")]) is columns  # (Y,X) only if cols
        assert (result[(0, 0)] == [("color", "red")]) is (index and columns)  # (X,X)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "slice_",
        [
            IndexSlice[:],
            IndexSlice[:, ["A"]],
            IndexSlice[[1], :],
            IndexSlice[[1], ["A"]],
            IndexSlice[:2, ["A", "B"]],
        ],
    )
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("axis", [0, 1])
    def test_apply_subset(self, slice_, axis, df):
        def h(x, color="bar"):
            return Series(f"color: {color}", index=x.index, name=x.name)

        result = df.style.apply(h, axis=axis, subset=slice_, color="baz")._compute().ctx
        expected = {
            (r, c): [("color", "baz")]
            for r, row in enumerate(df.index)
            for c, col in enumerate(df.columns)
            if row in df.loc[slice_].index and col in df.loc[slice_].columns
        }
        assert result == expected

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "slice_",
        [
            IndexSlice[:],
            IndexSlice[:, ["A"]],
            IndexSlice[[1], :],
            IndexSlice[[1], ["A"]],
            IndexSlice[:2, ["A", "B"]],
        ],
    )
    def test_applymap_subset(self, slice_, df):
        result = df.style.applymap(lambda x: "color:baz;", subset=slice_)._compute().ctx
        expected = {
            (r, c): [("color", "baz")]
            for r, row in enumerate(df.index)
            for c, col in enumerate(df.columns)
            if row in df.loc[slice_].index and col in df.loc[slice_].columns
        }
        assert result == expected

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "slice_",
        [
            IndexSlice[:, IndexSlice["x", "A"]],
            IndexSlice[:, IndexSlice[:, "A"]],
            IndexSlice[:, IndexSlice[:, ["A", "C"]]],  # missing col element
            IndexSlice[IndexSlice["a", 1], :],
            IndexSlice[IndexSlice[:, 1], :],
            IndexSlice[IndexSlice[:, [1, 3]], :],  # missing row element
            IndexSlice[:, ("x", "A")],
            IndexSlice[("a", 1), :],
        ],
    )
    def test_applymap_subset_multiindex(self, slice_):
        # GH 19861
        # edited for GH 33562
        warn = None
        msg = "indexing on a MultiIndex with a nested sequence of labels"
        if (
            isinstance(slice_[-1], tuple)
            and isinstance(slice_[-1][-1], list)
            and "C" in slice_[-1][-1]
        ):
            warn = FutureWarning
        elif (
            isinstance(slice_[0], tuple)
            and isinstance(slice_[0][1], list)
            and 3 in slice_[0][1]
        ):
            warn = FutureWarning

        idx = MultiIndex.from_product([["a", "b"], [1, 2]])
        col = MultiIndex.from_product([["x", "y"], ["A", "B"]])
        df = DataFrame(np.random.rand(4, 4), columns=col, index=idx)

        with tm.assert_produces_warning(warn, match=msg):
            df.style.applymap(lambda x: "color: red;", subset=slice_).to_html()

    def test_applymap_subset_multiindex_code(self):
        # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/25858
        # Checks styler.applymap works with multindex when codes are provided
        codes = np.array([[0, 0, 1, 1], [0, 1, 0, 1]])
        columns = MultiIndex(
            levels=[["a", "b"], ["%", "#"]], codes=codes, names=["", ""]
        )
        df = DataFrame(
            [[1, -1, 1, 1], [-1, 1, 1, 1]], index=["hello", "world"], columns=columns
        )
        pct_subset = IndexSlice[:, IndexSlice[:, "%":"%"]]

        def color_negative_red(val):
            color = "red" if val < 0 else "black"
            return f"color: {color}"

        df.loc[pct_subset]
        df.style.applymap(color_negative_red, subset=pct_subset)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "stylefunc", ["background_gradient", "bar", "text_gradient"]
    )
    def test_subset_for_boolean_cols(self, stylefunc):
        # GH47838
        df = DataFrame(
            [
                [1, 2],
                [3, 4],
            ],
            columns=[False, True],
        )
        styled = getattr(df.style, stylefunc)()
        styled._compute()
        assert set(styled.ctx) == {(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1)}

    def test_empty(self):
        df = DataFrame({"A": [1, 0]})
        s = df.style
        s.ctx = {(0, 0): [("color", "red")], (1, 0): [("", "")]}

        result = s._translate(True, True)["cellstyle"]
        expected = [
            {"props": [("color", "red")], "selectors": ["row0_col0"]},
            {"props": [("", "")], "selectors": ["row1_col0"]},
        ]
        assert result == expected

    def test_duplicate(self):
        df = DataFrame({"A": [1, 0]})
        s = df.style
        s.ctx = {(0, 0): [("color", "red")], (1, 0): [("color", "red")]}

        result = s._translate(True, True)["cellstyle"]
        expected = [
            {"props": [("color", "red")], "selectors": ["row0_col0", "row1_col0"]}
        ]
        assert result == expected

    def test_init_with_na_rep(self):
        # GH 21527 28358
        df = DataFrame([[None, None], [1.1, 1.2]], columns=["A", "B"])

        ctx = Styler(df, na_rep="NA")._translate(True, True)
        assert ctx["body"][0][1]["display_value"] == "NA"
        assert ctx["body"][0][2]["display_value"] == "NA"

    def test_caption(self, df):
        styler = Styler(df, caption="foo")
        result = styler.to_html()
        assert all(["caption" in result, "foo" in result])

        styler = df.style
        result = styler.set_caption("baz")
        assert styler is result
        assert styler.caption == "baz"

    def test_uuid(self, df):
        styler = Styler(df, uuid="abc123")
        result = styler.to_html()
        assert "abc123" in result

        styler = df.style
        result = styler.set_uuid("aaa")
        assert result is styler
        assert result.uuid == "aaa"

    def test_unique_id(self):
        # See https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/16780
        df = DataFrame({"a": [1, 3, 5, 6], "b": [2, 4, 12, 21]})
        result = df.style.to_html(uuid="test")
        assert "test" in result
        ids = re.findall('id="(.*?)"', result)
        assert np.unique(ids).size == len(ids)

    def test_table_styles(self, df):
        style = [{"selector": "th", "props": [("foo", "bar")]}]  # default format
        styler = Styler(df, table_styles=style)
        result = " ".join(styler.to_html().split())
        assert "th { foo: bar; }" in result

        styler = df.style
        result = styler.set_table_styles(style)
        assert styler is result
        assert styler.table_styles == style

        # GH 39563
        style = [{"selector": "th", "props": "foo:bar;"}]  # css string format
        styler = df.style.set_table_styles(style)
        result = " ".join(styler.to_html().split())
        assert "th { foo: bar; }" in result

    def test_table_styles_multiple(self, df):
        ctx = df.style.set_table_styles(
            [
                {"selector": "th,td", "props": "color:red;"},
                {"selector": "tr", "props": "color:green;"},
            ]
        )._translate(True, True)["table_styles"]
        assert ctx == [
            {"selector": "th", "props": [("color", "red")]},
            {"selector": "td", "props": [("color", "red")]},
            {"selector": "tr", "props": [("color", "green")]},
        ]

    def test_table_styles_dict_multiple_selectors(self, df):
        # GH 44011
        result = df.style.set_table_styles(
            {
                "B": [
                    {"selector": "th,td", "props": [("border-left", "2px solid black")]}
                ]
            }
        )._translate(True, True)["table_styles"]

        expected = [
            {"selector": "th.col1", "props": [("border-left", "2px solid black")]},
            {"selector": "td.col1", "props": [("border-left", "2px solid black")]},
        ]

        assert result == expected

    def test_maybe_convert_css_to_tuples(self):
        expected = [("a", "b"), ("c", "d e")]
        assert maybe_convert_css_to_tuples("a:b;c:d e;") == expected
        assert maybe_convert_css_to_tuples("a: b ;c:  d e  ") == expected
        expected = []
        assert maybe_convert_css_to_tuples("") == expected

    def test_maybe_convert_css_to_tuples_err(self):
        msg = "Styles supplied as string must follow CSS rule formats"
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
            maybe_convert_css_to_tuples("err")

    def test_table_attributes(self, df):
        attributes = 'class="foo" data-bar'
        styler = Styler(df, table_attributes=attributes)
        result = styler.to_html()
        assert 'class="foo" data-bar' in result

        result = df.style.set_table_attributes(attributes).to_html()
        assert 'class="foo" data-bar' in result

    def test_apply_none(self):
        def f(x):
            return DataFrame(
                np.where(x == x.max(), "color: red", ""),
                index=x.index,
                columns=x.columns,
            )

        result = DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]]).style.apply(f, axis=None)._compute().ctx
        assert result[(1, 1)] == [("color", "red")]

    def test_trim(self, df):
        result = df.style.to_html()  # trim=True
        assert result.count("#") == 0

        result = df.style.highlight_max().to_html()
        assert result.count("#") == len(df.columns)

    def test_export(self, df, styler):
        f = lambda x: "color: red" if x > 0 else "color: blue"
        g = lambda x, z: f"color: {z}" if x > 0 else f"color: {z}"
        style1 = styler
        style1.applymap(f).applymap(g, z="b").highlight_max()._compute()  # = render
        result = style1.export()
        style2 = df.style
        style2.use(result)
        assert style1._todo == style2._todo
        style2.to_html()

    def test_bad_apply_shape(self):
        df = DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]], index=["A", "B"], columns=["X", "Y"])

        msg = "resulted in the apply method collapsing to a Series."
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
            df.style._apply(lambda x: "x")

        msg = "created invalid {} labels"
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg.format("index")):
            df.style._apply(lambda x: [""])

        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg.format("index")):
            df.style._apply(lambda x: ["", "", "", ""])

        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg.format("index")):
            df.style._apply(lambda x: Series(["a:v;", ""], index=["A", "C"]), axis=0)

        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg.format("columns")):
            df.style._apply(lambda x: ["", "", ""], axis=1)

        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg.format("columns")):
            df.style._apply(lambda x: Series(["a:v;", ""], index=["X", "Z"]), axis=1)

        msg = "returned ndarray with wrong shape"
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
            df.style._apply(lambda x: np.array([[""], [""]]), axis=None)

    def test_apply_bad_return(self):
        def f(x):
            return ""

        df = DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
        msg = (
            "must return a DataFrame or ndarray when passed to `Styler.apply` "
            "with axis=None"
        )
        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
            df.style._apply(f, axis=None)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("axis", ["index", "columns"])
    def test_apply_bad_labels(self, axis):
        def f(x):
            return DataFrame(**{axis: ["bad", "labels"]})

        df = DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
        msg = f"created invalid {axis} labels."
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
            df.style._apply(f, axis=None)

    def test_get_level_lengths(self):
        index = MultiIndex.from_product([["a", "b"], [0, 1, 2]])
        expected = {
            (0, 0): 3,
            (0, 3): 3,
            (1, 0): 1,
            (1, 1): 1,
            (1, 2): 1,
            (1, 3): 1,
            (1, 4): 1,
            (1, 5): 1,
        }
        result = _get_level_lengths(index, sparsify=True, max_index=100)
        tm.assert_dict_equal(result, expected)

        expected = {
            (0, 0): 1,
            (0, 1): 1,
            (0, 2): 1,
            (0, 3): 1,
            (0, 4): 1,
            (0, 5): 1,
            (1, 0): 1,
            (1, 1): 1,
            (1, 2): 1,
            (1, 3): 1,
            (1, 4): 1,
            (1, 5): 1,
        }
        result = _get_level_lengths(index, sparsify=False, max_index=100)
        tm.assert_dict_equal(result, expected)

    def test_get_level_lengths_un_sorted(self):
        index = MultiIndex.from_arrays([[1, 1, 2, 1], ["a", "b", "b", "d"]])
        expected = {
            (0, 0): 2,
            (0, 2): 1,
            (0, 3): 1,
            (1, 0): 1,
            (1, 1): 1,
            (1, 2): 1,
            (1, 3): 1,
        }
        result = _get_level_lengths(index, sparsify=True, max_index=100)
        tm.assert_dict_equal(result, expected)

        expected = {
            (0, 0): 1,
            (0, 1): 1,
            (0, 2): 1,
            (0, 3): 1,
            (1, 0): 1,
            (1, 1): 1,
            (1, 2): 1,
            (1, 3): 1,
        }
        result = _get_level_lengths(index, sparsify=False, max_index=100)
        tm.assert_dict_equal(result, expected)

    def test_mi_sparse_index_names(self, blank_value):
        # Test the class names and displayed value are correct on rendering MI names
        df = DataFrame(
            {"A": [1, 2]},
            index=MultiIndex.from_arrays(
                [["a", "a"], [0, 1]], names=["idx_level_0", "idx_level_1"]
            ),
        )
        result = df.style._translate(True, True)
        head = result["head"][1]
        expected = [
            {
                "class": "index_name level0",
                "display_value": "idx_level_0",
                "is_visible": True,
            },
            {
                "class": "index_name level1",
                "display_value": "idx_level_1",
                "is_visible": True,
            },
            {
                "class": "blank col0",
                "display_value": blank_value,
                "is_visible": True,
            },
        ]
        for i, expected_dict in enumerate(expected):
            assert expected_dict.items() <= head[i].items()

    def test_mi_sparse_column_names(self, blank_value):
        df = DataFrame(
            np.arange(16).reshape(4, 4),
            index=MultiIndex.from_arrays(
                [["a", "a", "b", "a"], [0, 1, 1, 2]],
                names=["idx_level_0", "idx_level_1"],
            ),
            columns=MultiIndex.from_arrays(
                [["C1", "C1", "C2", "C2"], [1, 0, 1, 0]], names=["colnam_0", "colnam_1"]
            ),
        )
        result = Styler(df, cell_ids=False)._translate(True, True)

        for level in [0, 1]:
            head = result["head"][level]
            expected = [
                {
                    "class": "blank",
                    "display_value": blank_value,
                    "is_visible": True,
                },
                {
                    "class": f"index_name level{level}",
                    "display_value": f"colnam_{level}",
                    "is_visible": True,
                },
            ]
            for i, expected_dict in enumerate(expected):
                assert expected_dict.items() <= head[i].items()

    def test_hide_column_headers(self, df, styler):
        ctx = styler.hide(axis="columns")._translate(True, True)
        assert len(ctx["head"]) == 0  # no header entries with an unnamed index

        df.index.name = "some_name"
        ctx = df.style.hide(axis="columns")._translate(True, True)
        assert len(ctx["head"]) == 1
        # index names still visible, changed in #42101, reverted in 43404

    def test_hide_single_index(self, df):
        # GH 14194
        # single unnamed index
        ctx = df.style._translate(True, True)
        assert ctx["body"][0][0]["is_visible"]
        assert ctx["head"][0][0]["is_visible"]
        ctx2 = df.style.hide(axis="index")._translate(True, True)
        assert not ctx2["body"][0][0]["is_visible"]
        assert not ctx2["head"][0][0]["is_visible"]

        # single named index
        ctx3 = df.set_index("A").style._translate(True, True)
        assert ctx3["body"][0][0]["is_visible"]
        assert len(ctx3["head"]) == 2  # 2 header levels
        assert ctx3["head"][0][0]["is_visible"]

        ctx4 = df.set_index("A").style.hide(axis="index")._translate(True, True)
        assert not ctx4["body"][0][0]["is_visible"]
        assert len(ctx4["head"]) == 1  # only 1 header levels
        assert not ctx4["head"][0][0]["is_visible"]

    def test_hide_multiindex(self):
        # GH 14194
        df = DataFrame(
            {"A": [1, 2], "B": [1, 2]},
            index=MultiIndex.from_arrays(
                [["a", "a"], [0, 1]], names=["idx_level_0", "idx_level_1"]
            ),
        )
        ctx1 = df.style._translate(True, True)
        # tests for 'a' and '0'
        assert ctx1["body"][0][0]["is_visible"]
        assert ctx1["body"][0][1]["is_visible"]
        # check for blank header rows
        assert len(ctx1["head"][0]) == 4  # two visible indexes and two data columns

        ctx2 = df.style.hide(axis="index")._translate(True, True)
        # tests for 'a' and '0'
        assert not ctx2["body"][0][0]["is_visible"]
        assert not ctx2["body"][0][1]["is_visible"]
        # check for blank header rows
        assert len(ctx2["head"][0]) == 3  # one hidden (col name) and two data columns
        assert not ctx2["head"][0][0]["is_visible"]

    def test_hide_columns_single_level(self, df):
        # GH 14194
        # test hiding single column
        ctx = df.style._translate(True, True)
        assert ctx["head"][0][1]["is_visible"]
        assert ctx["head"][0][1]["display_value"] == "A"
        assert ctx["head"][0][2]["is_visible"]
        assert ctx["head"][0][2]["display_value"] == "B"
        assert ctx["body"][0][1]["is_visible"]  # col A, row 1
        assert ctx["body"][1][2]["is_visible"]  # col B, row 1

        ctx = df.style.hide("A", axis="columns")._translate(True, True)
        assert not ctx["head"][0][1]["is_visible"]
        assert not ctx["body"][0][1]["is_visible"]  # col A, row 1
        assert ctx["body"][1][2]["is_visible"]  # col B, row 1

        # test hiding mulitiple columns
        ctx = df.style.hide(["A", "B"], axis="columns")._translate(True, True)
        assert not ctx["head"][0][1]["is_visible"]
        assert not ctx["head"][0][2]["is_visible"]
        assert not ctx["body"][0][1]["is_visible"]  # col A, row 1
        assert not ctx["body"][1][2]["is_visible"]  # col B, row 1

    def test_hide_columns_index_mult_levels(self):
        # GH 14194
        # setup dataframe with multiple column levels and indices
        i1 = MultiIndex.from_arrays(
            [["a", "a"], [0, 1]], names=["idx_level_0", "idx_level_1"]
        )
        i2 = MultiIndex.from_arrays(
            [["b", "b"], [0, 1]], names=["col_level_0", "col_level_1"]
        )
        df = DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]], index=i1, columns=i2)
        ctx = df.style._translate(True, True)
        # column headers
        assert ctx["head"][0][2]["is_visible"]
        assert ctx["head"][1][2]["is_visible"]
        assert ctx["head"][1][3]["display_value"] == "1"
        # indices
        assert ctx["body"][0][0]["is_visible"]
        # data
        assert ctx["body"][1][2]["is_visible"]
        assert ctx["body"][1][2]["display_value"] == "3"
        assert ctx["body"][1][3]["is_visible"]
        assert ctx["body"][1][3]["display_value"] == "4"

        # hide top column level, which hides both columns
        ctx = df.style.hide("b", axis="columns")._translate(True, True)
        assert not ctx["head"][0][2]["is_visible"]  # b
        assert not ctx["head"][1][2]["is_visible"]  # 0
        assert not ctx["body"][1][2]["is_visible"]  # 3
        assert ctx["body"][0][0]["is_visible"]  # index

        # hide first column only
        ctx = df.style.hide([("b", 0)], axis="columns")._translate(True, True)
        assert not ctx["head"][0][2]["is_visible"]  # b
        assert ctx["head"][0][3]["is_visible"]  # b
        assert not ctx["head"][1][2]["is_visible"]  # 0
        assert not ctx["body"][1][2]["is_visible"]  # 3
        assert ctx["body"][1][3]["is_visible"]
        assert ctx["body"][1][3]["display_value"] == "4"

        # hide second column and index
        ctx = df.style.hide([("b", 1)], axis=1).hide(axis=0)._translate(True, True)
        assert not ctx["body"][0][0]["is_visible"]  # index
        assert len(ctx["head"][0]) == 3
        assert ctx["head"][0][1]["is_visible"]  # b
        assert ctx["head"][1][1]["is_visible"]  # 0
        assert not ctx["head"][1][2]["is_visible"]  # 1
        assert not ctx["body"][1][3]["is_visible"]  # 4
        assert ctx["body"][1][2]["is_visible"]
        assert ctx["body"][1][2]["display_value"] == "3"

        # hide top row level, which hides both rows so body empty
        ctx = df.style.hide("a", axis="index")._translate(True, True)
        assert ctx["body"] == []

        # hide first row only
        ctx = df.style.hide(("a", 0), axis="index")._translate(True, True)
        for i in [0, 1, 2, 3]:
            assert "row1" in ctx["body"][0][i]["class"]  # row0 not included in body
            assert ctx["body"][0][i]["is_visible"]

    def test_pipe(self, df):
        def set_caption_from_template(styler, a, b):
            return styler.set_caption(f"Dataframe with a = {a} and b = {b}")

        styler = df.style.pipe(set_caption_from_template, "A", b="B")
        assert "Dataframe with a = A and b = B" in styler.to_html()

        # Test with an argument that is a (callable, keyword_name) pair.
        def f(a, b, styler):
            return (a, b, styler)

        styler = df.style
        result = styler.pipe((f, "styler"), a=1, b=2)
        assert result == (1, 2, styler)

    def test_no_cell_ids(self):
        # GH 35588
        # GH 35663
        df = DataFrame(data=[[0]])
        styler = Styler(df, uuid="_", cell_ids=False)
        styler.to_html()
        s = styler.to_html()  # render twice to ensure ctx is not updated
        assert s.find('<td class="data row0 col0" >') != -1

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "classes",
        [
            DataFrame(
                data=[["", "test-class"], [np.nan, None]],
                columns=["A", "B"],
                index=["a", "b"],
            ),
            DataFrame(data=[["test-class"]], columns=["B"], index=["a"]),
            DataFrame(data=[["test-class", "unused"]], columns=["B", "C"], index=["a"]),
        ],
    )
    def test_set_data_classes(self, classes):
        # GH 36159
        df = DataFrame(data=[[0, 1], [2, 3]], columns=["A", "B"], index=["a", "b"])
        s = Styler(df, uuid_len=0, cell_ids=False).set_td_classes(classes).to_html()
        assert '<td class="data row0 col0" >0</td>' in s
        assert '<td class="data row0 col1 test-class" >1</td>' in s
        assert '<td class="data row1 col0" >2</td>' in s
        assert '<td class="data row1 col1" >3</td>' in s
        # GH 39317
        s = Styler(df, uuid_len=0, cell_ids=True).set_td_classes(classes).to_html()
        assert '<td id="T__row0_col0" class="data row0 col0" >0</td>' in s
        assert '<td id="T__row0_col1" class="data row0 col1 test-class" >1</td>' in s
        assert '<td id="T__row1_col0" class="data row1 col0" >2</td>' in s
        assert '<td id="T__row1_col1" class="data row1 col1" >3</td>' in s

    def test_set_data_classes_reindex(self):
        # GH 39317
        df = DataFrame(
            data=[[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8]], columns=[0, 1, 2], index=[0, 1, 2]
        )
        classes = DataFrame(
            data=[["mi", "ma"], ["mu", "mo"]],
            columns=[0, 2],
            index=[0, 2],
        )
        s = Styler(df, uuid_len=0).set_td_classes(classes).to_html()
        assert '<td id="T__row0_col0" class="data row0 col0 mi" >0</td>' in s
        assert '<td id="T__row0_col2" class="data row0 col2 ma" >2</td>' in s
        assert '<td id="T__row1_col1" class="data row1 col1" >4</td>' in s
        assert '<td id="T__row2_col0" class="data row2 col0 mu" >6</td>' in s
        assert '<td id="T__row2_col2" class="data row2 col2 mo" >8</td>' in s

    def test_chaining_table_styles(self):
        # GH 35607
        df = DataFrame(data=[[0, 1], [1, 2]], columns=["A", "B"])
        styler = df.style.set_table_styles(
            [{"selector": "", "props": [("background-color", "yellow")]}]
        ).set_table_styles(
            [{"selector": ".col0", "props": [("background-color", "blue")]}],
            overwrite=False,
        )
        assert len(styler.table_styles) == 2

    def test_column_and_row_styling(self):
        # GH 35607
        df = DataFrame(data=[[0, 1], [1, 2]], columns=["A", "B"])
        s = Styler(df, uuid_len=0)
        s = s.set_table_styles({"A": [{"selector": "", "props": [("color", "blue")]}]})
        assert "#T_ .col0 {\n  color: blue;\n}" in s.to_html()
        s = s.set_table_styles(
            {0: [{"selector": "", "props": [("color", "blue")]}]}, axis=1
        )
        assert "#T_ .row0 {\n  color: blue;\n}" in s.to_html()

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("len_", [1, 5, 32, 33, 100])
    def test_uuid_len(self, len_):
        # GH 36345
        df = DataFrame(data=[["A"]])
        s = Styler(df, uuid_len=len_, cell_ids=False).to_html()
        strt = s.find('id="T_')
        end = s[strt + 6 :].find('"')
        if len_ > 32:
            assert end == 32
        else:
            assert end == len_

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("len_", [-2, "bad", None])
    def test_uuid_len_raises(self, len_):
        # GH 36345
        df = DataFrame(data=[["A"]])
        msg = "``uuid_len`` must be an integer in range \\[0, 32\\]."
        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
            Styler(df, uuid_len=len_, cell_ids=False).to_html()

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "slc",
        [
            IndexSlice[:, :],
            IndexSlice[:, 1],
            IndexSlice[1, :],
            IndexSlice[[1], [1]],
            IndexSlice[1, [1]],
            IndexSlice[[1], 1],
            IndexSlice[1],
            IndexSlice[1, 1],
            slice(None, None, None),
            [0, 1],
            np.array([0, 1]),
            Series([0, 1]),
        ],
    )
    def test_non_reducing_slice(self, slc):
        df = DataFrame([[0, 1], [2, 3]])

        tslice_ = non_reducing_slice(slc)
        assert isinstance(df.loc[tslice_], DataFrame)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("box", [list, Series, np.array])
    def test_list_slice(self, box):
        # like dataframe getitem
        subset = box(["A"])

        df = DataFrame({"A": [1, 2], "B": [3, 4]}, index=["A", "B"])
        expected = IndexSlice[:, ["A"]]

        result = non_reducing_slice(subset)
        tm.assert_frame_equal(df.loc[result], df.loc[expected])

    def test_non_reducing_slice_on_multiindex(self):
        # GH 19861
        dic = {
            ("a", "d"): [1, 4],
            ("a", "c"): [2, 3],
            ("b", "c"): [3, 2],
            ("b", "d"): [4, 1],
        }
        df = DataFrame(dic, index=[0, 1])
        idx = IndexSlice
        slice_ = idx[:, idx["b", "d"]]
        tslice_ = non_reducing_slice(slice_)

        result = df.loc[tslice_]
        expected = DataFrame({("b", "d"): [4, 1]})
        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "slice_",
        [
            IndexSlice[:, :],
            # check cols
            IndexSlice[:, IndexSlice[["a"]]],  # inferred deeper need list
            IndexSlice[:, IndexSlice[["a"], ["c"]]],  # inferred deeper need list
            IndexSlice[:, IndexSlice["a", "c", :]],
            IndexSlice[:, IndexSlice["a", :, "e"]],
            IndexSlice[:, IndexSlice[:, "c", "e"]],
            IndexSlice[:, IndexSlice["a", ["c", "d"], :]],  # check list
            IndexSlice[:, IndexSlice["a", ["c", "d", "-"], :]],  # allow missing
            IndexSlice[:, IndexSlice["a", ["c", "d", "-"], "e"]],  # no slice
            # check rows
            IndexSlice[IndexSlice[["U"]], :],  # inferred deeper need list
            IndexSlice[IndexSlice[["U"], ["W"]], :],  # inferred deeper need list
            IndexSlice[IndexSlice["U", "W", :], :],
            IndexSlice[IndexSlice["U", :, "Y"], :],
            IndexSlice[IndexSlice[:, "W", "Y"], :],
            IndexSlice[IndexSlice[:, "W", ["Y", "Z"]], :],  # check list
            IndexSlice[IndexSlice[:, "W", ["Y", "Z", "-"]], :],  # allow missing
            IndexSlice[IndexSlice["U", "W", ["Y", "Z", "-"]], :],  # no slice
            # check simultaneous
            IndexSlice[IndexSlice[:, "W", "Y"], IndexSlice["a", "c", :]],
        ],
    )
    def test_non_reducing_multi_slice_on_multiindex(self, slice_):
        # GH 33562
        cols = MultiIndex.from_product([["a", "b"], ["c", "d"], ["e", "f"]])
        idxs = MultiIndex.from_product([["U", "V"], ["W", "X"], ["Y", "Z"]])
        df = DataFrame(np.arange(64).reshape(8, 8), columns=cols, index=idxs)

        msg = "indexing on a MultiIndex with a nested sequence of labels"
        warn = None
        for lvl in [0, 1]:
            key = slice_[lvl]
            if isinstance(key, tuple):
                for subkey in key:
                    if isinstance(subkey, list) and "-" in subkey:
                        # not present in the index level, ignored, will raise in future
                        warn = FutureWarning

        with tm.assert_produces_warning(warn, match=msg):
            expected = df.loc[slice_]

        with tm.assert_produces_warning(warn, match=msg):
            result = df.loc[non_reducing_slice(slice_)]
        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)


def test_hidden_index_names(mi_df):
    mi_df.index.names = ["Lev0", "Lev1"]
    mi_styler = mi_df.style
    ctx = mi_styler._translate(True, True)
    assert len(ctx["head"]) == 3  # 2 column index levels + 1 index names row

    mi_styler.hide(axis="index", names=True)
    ctx = mi_styler._translate(True, True)
    assert len(ctx["head"]) == 2  # index names row is unparsed
    for i in range(4):
        assert ctx["body"][0][i]["is_visible"]  # 2 index levels + 2 data values visible

    mi_styler.hide(axis="index", level=1)
    ctx = mi_styler._translate(True, True)
    assert len(ctx["head"]) == 2  # index names row is still hidden
    assert ctx["body"][0][0]["is_visible"] is True
    assert ctx["body"][0][1]["is_visible"] is False


def test_hidden_column_names(mi_df):
    mi_df.columns.names = ["Lev0", "Lev1"]
    mi_styler = mi_df.style
    ctx = mi_styler._translate(True, True)
    assert ctx["head"][0][1]["display_value"] == "Lev0"
    assert ctx["head"][1][1]["display_value"] == "Lev1"

    mi_styler.hide(names=True, axis="columns")
    ctx = mi_styler._translate(True, True)
    assert ctx["head"][0][1]["display_value"] == "&nbsp;"
    assert ctx["head"][1][1]["display_value"] == "&nbsp;"

    mi_styler.hide(level=0, axis="columns")
    ctx = mi_styler._translate(True, True)
    assert len(ctx["head"]) == 1  # no index names and only one visible column headers
    assert ctx["head"][0][1]["display_value"] == "&nbsp;"


@pytest.mark.parametrize("caption", [1, ("a", "b", "c"), (1, "s")])
def test_caption_raises(mi_styler, caption):
    msg = "`caption` must be either a string or 2-tuple of strings."
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
        mi_styler.set_caption(caption)


def test_hiding_headers_over_index_no_sparsify():
    # GH 43464
    midx = MultiIndex.from_product([[1, 2], ["a", "a", "b"]])
    df = DataFrame(9, index=midx, columns=[0])
    ctx = df.style._translate(False, False)
    assert len(ctx["body"]) == 6
    ctx = df.style.hide((1, "a"), axis=0)._translate(False, False)
    assert len(ctx["body"]) == 4
    assert "row2" in ctx["body"][0][0]["class"]


def test_hiding_headers_over_columns_no_sparsify():
    # GH 43464
    midx = MultiIndex.from_product([[1, 2], ["a", "a", "b"]])
    df = DataFrame(9, columns=midx, index=[0])
    ctx = df.style._translate(False, False)
    for ix in [(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 1), (1, 2)]:
        assert ctx["head"][ix[0]][ix[1]]["is_visible"] is True
    ctx = df.style.hide((1, "a"), axis="columns")._translate(False, False)
    for ix in [(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 1), (1, 2)]:
        assert ctx["head"][ix[0]][ix[1]]["is_visible"] is False


def test_get_level_lengths_mi_hidden():
    # GH 43464
    index = MultiIndex.from_arrays([[1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2], ["a", "a", "b", "a", "a", "b"]])
    expected = {
        (0, 2): 1,
        (0, 3): 1,
        (0, 4): 1,
        (0, 5): 1,
        (1, 2): 1,
        (1, 3): 1,
        (1, 4): 1,
        (1, 5): 1,
    }
    result = _get_level_lengths(
        index,
        sparsify=False,
        max_index=100,
        hidden_elements=[0, 1, 0, 1],  # hidden element can repeat if duplicated index
    )
    tm.assert_dict_equal(result, expected)


def test_row_trimming_hide_index():
    # gh 43703
    df = DataFrame([[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]])
    with option_context("styler.render.max_rows", 2):
        ctx = df.style.hide([0, 1], axis="index")._translate(True, True)
    assert len(ctx["body"]) == 3
    for r, val in enumerate(["3", "4", "..."]):
        assert ctx["body"][r][1]["display_value"] == val


def test_row_trimming_hide_index_mi():
    # gh 44247
    df = DataFrame([[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]])
    df.index = MultiIndex.from_product([[0], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]])
    with option_context("styler.render.max_rows", 2):
        ctx = df.style.hide([(0, 0), (0, 1)], axis="index")._translate(True, True)
    assert len(ctx["body"]) == 3

    # level 0 index headers (sparsified)
    assert {"value": 0, "attributes": 'rowspan="2"', "is_visible": True}.items() <= ctx[
        "body"
    ][0][0].items()
    assert {"value": 0, "attributes": "", "is_visible": False}.items() <= ctx["body"][
        1
    ][0].items()
    assert {"value": "...", "is_visible": True}.items() <= ctx["body"][2][0].items()

    for r, val in enumerate(["2", "3", "..."]):
        assert ctx["body"][r][1]["display_value"] == val  # level 1 index headers
    for r, val in enumerate(["3", "4", "..."]):
        assert ctx["body"][r][2]["display_value"] == val  # data values


def test_col_trimming_hide_columns():
    # gh 44272
    df = DataFrame([[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]])
    with option_context("styler.render.max_columns", 2):
        ctx = df.style.hide([0, 1], axis="columns")._translate(True, True)

    assert len(ctx["head"][0]) == 6  # blank, [0, 1 (hidden)], [2 ,3 (visible)], + trim
    for c, vals in enumerate([(1, False), (2, True), (3, True), ("...", True)]):
        assert ctx["head"][0][c + 2]["value"] == vals[0]
        assert ctx["head"][0][c + 2]["is_visible"] == vals[1]

    assert len(ctx["body"][0]) == 6  # index + 2 hidden + 2 visible + trimming col


def test_no_empty_apply(mi_styler):
    # 45313
    mi_styler.apply(lambda s: ["a:v;"] * 2, subset=[False, False])
    mi_styler._compute()


@pytest.mark.parametrize("format", ["html", "latex", "string"])
def test_output_buffer(mi_styler, format):
    # gh 47053
    with tm.ensure_clean(f"delete_me.{format}") as f:
        getattr(mi_styler, f"to_{format}")(f)