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test_normalize.py
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import pytest
import numpy as np
import json
import pandas.util.testing as tm
from pandas import compat, Index, DataFrame
from pandas.io.json import json_normalize
from pandas.io.json.normalize import nested_to_record
@pytest.fixture
def deep_nested():
# deeply nested data
return [{'country': 'USA',
'states': [{'name': 'California',
'cities': [{'name': 'San Francisco',
'pop': 12345},
{'name': 'Los Angeles',
'pop': 12346}]
},
{'name': 'Ohio',
'cities': [{'name': 'Columbus',
'pop': 1234},
{'name': 'Cleveland',
'pop': 1236}]}
]
},
{'country': 'Germany',
'states': [{'name': 'Bayern',
'cities': [{'name': 'Munich', 'pop': 12347}]
},
{'name': 'Nordrhein-Westfalen',
'cities': [{'name': 'Duesseldorf', 'pop': 1238},
{'name': 'Koeln', 'pop': 1239}]}
]
}
]
@pytest.fixture
def state_data():
return [
{'counties': [{'name': 'Dade', 'population': 12345},
{'name': 'Broward', 'population': 40000},
{'name': 'Palm Beach', 'population': 60000}],
'info': {'governor': 'Rick Scott'},
'shortname': 'FL',
'state': 'Florida'},
{'counties': [{'name': 'Summit', 'population': 1234},
{'name': 'Cuyahoga', 'population': 1337}],
'info': {'governor': 'John Kasich'},
'shortname': 'OH',
'state': 'Ohio'}]
@pytest.fixture
def author_missing_data():
return [
{'info': None},
{'info':
{'created_at': '11/08/1993', 'last_updated': '26/05/2012'},
'author_name':
{'first': 'Jane', 'last_name': 'Doe'}
}]
class TestJSONNormalize(object):
def test_simple_records(self):
recs = [{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3},
{'a': 4, 'b': 5, 'c': 6},
{'a': 7, 'b': 8, 'c': 9},
{'a': 10, 'b': 11, 'c': 12}]
result = json_normalize(recs)
expected = DataFrame(recs)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_simple_normalize(self, state_data):
result = json_normalize(state_data[0], 'counties')
expected = DataFrame(state_data[0]['counties'])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
result = json_normalize(state_data, 'counties')
expected = []
for rec in state_data:
expected.extend(rec['counties'])
expected = DataFrame(expected)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
result = json_normalize(state_data, 'counties', meta='state')
expected['state'] = np.array(['Florida', 'Ohio']).repeat([3, 2])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_empty_array(self):
result = json_normalize([])
expected = DataFrame()
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_simple_normalize_with_separator(self, deep_nested):
# GH 14883
result = json_normalize({'A': {'A': 1, 'B': 2}})
expected = DataFrame([[1, 2]], columns=['A.A', 'A.B'])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result.reindex_like(expected), expected)
result = json_normalize({'A': {'A': 1, 'B': 2}}, sep='_')
expected = DataFrame([[1, 2]], columns=['A_A', 'A_B'])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result.reindex_like(expected), expected)
result = json_normalize({'A': {'A': 1, 'B': 2}}, sep=u'\u03c3')
expected = DataFrame([[1, 2]], columns=[u'A\u03c3A', u'A\u03c3B'])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result.reindex_like(expected), expected)
result = json_normalize(deep_nested, ['states', 'cities'],
meta=['country', ['states', 'name']],
sep='_')
expected = Index(['name', 'pop',
'country', 'states_name']).sort_values()
assert result.columns.sort_values().equals(expected)
def test_more_deeply_nested(self, deep_nested):
result = json_normalize(deep_nested, ['states', 'cities'],
meta=['country', ['states', 'name']])
# meta_prefix={'states': 'state_'})
ex_data = {'country': ['USA'] * 4 + ['Germany'] * 3,
'states.name': ['California', 'California', 'Ohio', 'Ohio',
'Bayern', 'Nordrhein-Westfalen',
'Nordrhein-Westfalen'],
'name': ['San Francisco', 'Los Angeles', 'Columbus',
'Cleveland', 'Munich', 'Duesseldorf', 'Koeln'],
'pop': [12345, 12346, 1234, 1236, 12347, 1238, 1239]}
expected = DataFrame(ex_data, columns=result.columns)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_shallow_nested(self):
data = [{'state': 'Florida',
'shortname': 'FL',
'info': {
'governor': 'Rick Scott'
},
'counties': [{'name': 'Dade', 'population': 12345},
{'name': 'Broward', 'population': 40000},
{'name': 'Palm Beach', 'population': 60000}]},
{'state': 'Ohio',
'shortname': 'OH',
'info': {
'governor': 'John Kasich'
},
'counties': [{'name': 'Summit', 'population': 1234},
{'name': 'Cuyahoga', 'population': 1337}]}]
result = json_normalize(data, 'counties',
['state', 'shortname',
['info', 'governor']])
ex_data = {'name': ['Dade', 'Broward', 'Palm Beach', 'Summit',
'Cuyahoga'],
'state': ['Florida'] * 3 + ['Ohio'] * 2,
'shortname': ['FL', 'FL', 'FL', 'OH', 'OH'],
'info.governor': ['Rick Scott'] * 3 + ['John Kasich'] * 2,
'population': [12345, 40000, 60000, 1234, 1337]}
expected = DataFrame(ex_data, columns=result.columns)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_meta_name_conflict(self):
data = [{'foo': 'hello',
'bar': 'there',
'data': [{'foo': 'something', 'bar': 'else'},
{'foo': 'something2', 'bar': 'else2'}]}]
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
json_normalize(data, 'data', meta=['foo', 'bar'])
result = json_normalize(data, 'data', meta=['foo', 'bar'],
meta_prefix='meta')
for val in ['metafoo', 'metabar', 'foo', 'bar']:
assert val in result
def test_meta_parameter_not_modified(self):
# GH 18610
data = [{'foo': 'hello',
'bar': 'there',
'data': [{'foo': 'something', 'bar': 'else'},
{'foo': 'something2', 'bar': 'else2'}]}]
COLUMNS = ['foo', 'bar']
result = json_normalize(data, 'data', meta=COLUMNS,
meta_prefix='meta')
assert COLUMNS == ['foo', 'bar']
for val in ['metafoo', 'metabar', 'foo', 'bar']:
assert val in result
def test_record_prefix(self, state_data):
result = json_normalize(state_data[0], 'counties')
expected = DataFrame(state_data[0]['counties'])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
result = json_normalize(state_data, 'counties',
meta='state',
record_prefix='county_')
expected = []
for rec in state_data:
expected.extend(rec['counties'])
expected = DataFrame(expected)
expected = expected.rename(columns=lambda x: 'county_' + x)
expected['state'] = np.array(['Florida', 'Ohio']).repeat([3, 2])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_non_ascii_key(self):
if compat.PY3:
testjson = (
b'[{"\xc3\x9cnic\xc3\xb8de":0,"sub":{"A":1, "B":2}},' +
b'{"\xc3\x9cnic\xc3\xb8de":1,"sub":{"A":3, "B":4}}]'
).decode('utf8')
else:
testjson = ('[{"\xc3\x9cnic\xc3\xb8de":0,"sub":{"A":1, "B":2}},'
'{"\xc3\x9cnic\xc3\xb8de":1,"sub":{"A":3, "B":4}}]')
testdata = {
u'sub.A': [1, 3],
u'sub.B': [2, 4],
b"\xc3\x9cnic\xc3\xb8de".decode('utf8'): [0, 1]
}
expected = DataFrame(testdata)
result = json_normalize(json.loads(testjson))
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_missing_field(self, author_missing_data):
# GH20030: Checks for robustness of json_normalize - should
# unnest records where only the first record has a None value
result = json_normalize(author_missing_data)
ex_data = [
{'author_name.first': np.nan,
'author_name.last_name': np.nan,
'info.created_at': np.nan,
'info.last_updated': np.nan},
{'author_name.first': 'Jane',
'author_name.last_name': 'Doe',
'info.created_at': '11/08/1993',
'info.last_updated': '26/05/2012'}
]
expected = DataFrame(ex_data)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
class TestNestedToRecord(object):
def test_flat_stays_flat(self):
recs = [dict(flat1=1, flat2=2),
dict(flat1=3, flat2=4),
]
result = nested_to_record(recs)
expected = recs
assert result == expected
def test_one_level_deep_flattens(self):
data = dict(flat1=1,
dict1=dict(c=1, d=2))
result = nested_to_record(data)
expected = {'dict1.c': 1,
'dict1.d': 2,
'flat1': 1}
assert result == expected
def test_nested_flattens(self):
data = dict(flat1=1,
dict1=dict(c=1, d=2),
nested=dict(e=dict(c=1, d=2),
d=2))
result = nested_to_record(data)
expected = {'dict1.c': 1,
'dict1.d': 2,
'flat1': 1,
'nested.d': 2,
'nested.e.c': 1,
'nested.e.d': 2}
assert result == expected
def test_json_normalize_errors(self):
# GH14583: If meta keys are not always present
# a new option to set errors='ignore' has been implemented
i = {
"Trades": [{
"general": {
"tradeid": 100,
"trade_version": 1,
"stocks": [{
"symbol": "AAPL",
"name": "Apple",
"price": "0"
}, {
"symbol": "GOOG",
"name": "Google",
"price": "0"
}
]
}
}, {
"general": {
"tradeid": 100,
"stocks": [{
"symbol": "AAPL",
"name": "Apple",
"price": "0"
}, {
"symbol": "GOOG",
"name": "Google",
"price": "0"
}
]
}
}
]
}
j = json_normalize(data=i['Trades'],
record_path=[['general', 'stocks']],
meta=[['general', 'tradeid'],
['general', 'trade_version']],
errors='ignore')
expected = {'general.trade_version': {0: 1.0, 1: 1.0, 2: '', 3: ''},
'general.tradeid': {0: 100, 1: 100, 2: 100, 3: 100},
'name': {0: 'Apple', 1: 'Google', 2: 'Apple', 3: 'Google'},
'price': {0: '0', 1: '0', 2: '0', 3: '0'},
'symbol': {0: 'AAPL', 1: 'GOOG', 2: 'AAPL', 3: 'GOOG'}}
assert j.fillna('').to_dict() == expected
pytest.raises(KeyError,
json_normalize, data=i['Trades'],
record_path=[['general', 'stocks']],
meta=[['general', 'tradeid'],
['general', 'trade_version']],
errors='raise'
)
def test_nonetype_dropping(self):
# GH20030: Checks that None values are dropped in nested_to_record
# to prevent additional columns of nans when passed to DataFrame
data = [
{'info': None,
'author_name':
{'first': 'Smith', 'last_name': 'Appleseed'}
},
{'info':
{'created_at': '11/08/1993', 'last_updated': '26/05/2012'},
'author_name':
{'first': 'Jane', 'last_name': 'Doe'}
}
]
result = nested_to_record(data)
expected = [
{'author_name.first': 'Smith',
'author_name.last_name': 'Appleseed'},
{'author_name.first': 'Jane',
'author_name.last_name': 'Doe',
'info.created_at': '11/08/1993',
'info.last_updated': '26/05/2012'}]
assert result == expected
def test_nonetype_top_level_bottom_level(self):
# GH21158: If inner level json has a key with a null value
# make sure it doesnt do a new_d.pop twice and except
data = {
"id": None,
"location": {
"country": {
"state": {
"id": None,
"town.info": {
"id": None,
"region": None,
"x": 49.151580810546875,
"y": -33.148521423339844,
"z": 27.572303771972656}}}
}
}
result = nested_to_record(data)
expected = {
'location.country.state.id': None,
'location.country.state.town.info.id': None,
'location.country.state.town.info.region': None,
'location.country.state.town.info.x': 49.151580810546875,
'location.country.state.town.info.y': -33.148521423339844,
'location.country.state.town.info.z': 27.572303771972656}
assert result == expected
def test_nonetype_multiple_levels(self):
# GH21158: If inner level json has a key with a null value
# make sure it doesnt do a new_d.pop twice and except
data = {
"id": None,
"location": {
"id": None,
"country": {
"id": None,
"state": {
"id": None,
"town.info": {
"region": None,
"x": 49.151580810546875,
"y": -33.148521423339844,
"z": 27.572303771972656}}}
}
}
result = nested_to_record(data)
expected = {
'location.id': None,
'location.country.id': None,
'location.country.state.id': None,
'location.country.state.town.info.region': None,
'location.country.state.town.info.x': 49.151580810546875,
'location.country.state.town.info.y': -33.148521423339844,
'location.country.state.town.info.z': 27.572303771972656}
assert result == expected