diff --git a/spring-integration-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/integration/handler/AbstractMessageProducingHandler.java b/spring-integration-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/integration/handler/AbstractMessageProducingHandler.java
index 021b81e714c..5838ad7f9fa 100644
--- a/spring-integration-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/integration/handler/AbstractMessageProducingHandler.java
+++ b/spring-integration-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/integration/handler/AbstractMessageProducingHandler.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2014-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2014-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
 
 import org.reactivestreams.Publisher;
+import reactor.core.Exceptions;
 import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
 import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
 import reactor.core.scheduler.Schedulers;
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
 import org.springframework.integration.routingslip.RoutingSlipRouteStrategy;
 import org.springframework.integration.support.AbstractIntegrationMessageBuilder;
 import org.springframework.integration.support.utils.IntegrationUtils;
+import org.springframework.integration.util.IntegrationReactiveUtils;
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
 import org.springframework.messaging.MessageChannel;
@@ -366,6 +368,7 @@ private static Publisher<?> toPublisherReply(Object reply, @Nullable ReactiveAda
 		}
 	}
 
+	@SuppressWarnings("try")
 	private static CompletableFuture<?> toFutureReply(Object reply, @Nullable ReactiveAdapter reactiveAdapter) {
 		if (reactiveAdapter != null) {
 			Mono<?> reactiveReply;
@@ -377,7 +380,31 @@ private static CompletableFuture<?> toFutureReply(Object reply, @Nullable Reacti
 				reactiveReply = Mono.from(publisher);
 			}
 
-			return reactiveReply.publishOn(Schedulers.boundedElastic()).toFuture();
+			CompletableFuture<Object> replyFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+			reactiveReply
+					.publishOn(Schedulers.boundedElastic())
+					// TODO until Reactor supports context propagation from the MonoToCompletableFuture
+					.doOnEach((signal) -> {
+						try (AutoCloseable scope = IntegrationReactiveUtils
+								.setThreadLocalsFromReactorContext(signal.getContextView())) {
+
+							if (signal.isOnError()) {
+								replyFuture.completeExceptionally(signal.getThrowable());
+							}
+							else {
+								replyFuture.complete(signal.get());
+							}
+
+						}
+						catch (Exception ex) {
+							throw Exceptions.bubble(ex);
+						}
+					})
+					.contextCapture()
+					.subscribe();
+
+			return replyFuture;
 		}
 		else {
 			return toCompletableFuture(reply);
diff --git a/spring-integration-webflux/src/test/java/org/springframework/integration/webflux/observation/WebFluxObservationPropagationTests.java b/spring-integration-webflux/src/test/java/org/springframework/integration/webflux/observation/WebFluxObservationPropagationTests.java
index 4050d0a8521..92a985c5f73 100644
--- a/spring-integration-webflux/src/test/java/org/springframework/integration/webflux/observation/WebFluxObservationPropagationTests.java
+++ b/spring-integration-webflux/src/test/java/org/springframework/integration/webflux/observation/WebFluxObservationPropagationTests.java
@@ -36,26 +36,33 @@
 import io.micrometer.tracing.test.simple.SpansAssert;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
 
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
+import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBuffer;
 import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
+import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
+import org.springframework.http.client.reactive.ClientHttpConnector;
 import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.HttpHandler;
 import org.springframework.integration.channel.FluxMessageChannel;
 import org.springframework.integration.config.EnableIntegration;
 import org.springframework.integration.config.EnableIntegrationManagement;
+import org.springframework.integration.core.MessagingTemplate;
 import org.springframework.integration.dsl.IntegrationFlow;
 import org.springframework.integration.webflux.dsl.WebFlux;
 import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
+import org.springframework.messaging.MessageChannel;
 import org.springframework.messaging.PollableChannel;
 import org.springframework.test.annotation.DirtiesContext;
 import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.web.SpringJUnitWebConfig;
 import org.springframework.test.web.reactive.server.HttpHandlerConnector;
 import org.springframework.test.web.reactive.server.WebTestClient;
 import org.springframework.web.reactive.config.EnableWebFlux;
+import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.WebClient;
 import org.springframework.web.server.adapter.WebHttpHandlerBuilder;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@@ -81,6 +88,10 @@ public class WebFluxObservationPropagationTests {
 	@Autowired
 	private PollableChannel testChannel;
 
+	@Autowired
+	@Qualifier("webFluxRequestReplyClientFlow.input")
+	private MessageChannel webFluxRequestReplyClientFlowInput;
+
 	@BeforeEach
 	void setup() {
 		SPANS.clear();
@@ -122,6 +133,20 @@ void observationIsPropagatedWebFluxRequestReply() {
 				.haveSameTraceId();
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void observationIsPropagatedWebFluxClientRequestReply() {
+		String result =
+				new MessagingTemplate()
+						.convertSendAndReceive(this.webFluxRequestReplyClientFlowInput, "test", String.class);
+
+		assertThat(result).isEqualTo("SOME REPLY");
+
+		// There is a race condition when we already have a reply, but the span in the last channel is not closed yet.
+		await().untilAsserted(() -> assertThat(SPANS.spans()).hasSize(5));
+		SpansAssert.assertThat(SPANS.spans().stream().map(BraveFinishedSpan::fromBrave).collect(Collectors.toList()))
+				.haveSameTraceId();
+	}
+
 	@Configuration
 	@EnableWebFlux
 	@EnableIntegration
@@ -188,6 +213,29 @@ FluxMessageChannel webFluxRequestChannel() {
 			return new FluxMessageChannel();
 		}
 
+		@Bean
+		IntegrationFlow webFluxRequestReplyClientFlow(ObservationRegistry registry) {
+			ClientHttpConnector httpConnector =
+					new HttpHandlerConnector((request, response) -> {
+						response.setStatusCode(HttpStatus.OK);
+
+						Mono<DataBuffer> replyData = Mono.just(response.bufferFactory().wrap("some reply".getBytes()));
+
+						return response.writeWith(replyData)
+								.then(Mono.defer(response::setComplete));
+					});
+			WebClient webClient =
+					WebClient.builder()
+							.clientConnector(httpConnector)
+							.observationRegistry(registry)
+							.build();
+
+			return f -> f
+					.handle(WebFlux.outboundGateway(message -> "/someRequest", webClient)
+							.expectedResponseType(String.class))
+					.<String, String>transform(String::toUpperCase);
+		}
+
 		@Bean
 		IntegrationFlow webFluxRequestReplyFlow(
 				@Qualifier("webFluxRequestChannel") FluxMessageChannel webFluxRequestChannel) {