Added doctest to hash_map.py (TheAlgorithms#11082)

* Added doctest to heap.py

* Added doctest to hash_map.py

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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* Update hash_map.py

---------

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <[email protected]>

Author: 3 people

Diff for: data_structures/hashing/hash_map.py

@@ -54,6 +54,14 @@ def _get_next_ind(self, ind: int) -> int:
         Get next index.
 
         Implements linear open addressing.
+        >>> HashMap(5)._get_next_ind(3)
+        4
+        >>> HashMap(5)._get_next_ind(5)
+        1
+        >>> HashMap(5)._get_next_ind(6)
+        2
+        >>> HashMap(5)._get_next_ind(9)
+        0
         """
         return (ind + 1) % len(self._buckets)
 
@@ -82,6 +90,14 @@ def _is_full(self) -> bool:
         Return true if we have reached safe capacity.
 
         So we need to increase the number of buckets to avoid collisions.
+
+        >>> hm = HashMap(2)
+        >>> hm._add_item(1, 10)
+        >>> hm._add_item(2, 20)
+        >>> hm._is_full()
+        True
+        >>> HashMap(2)._is_full()
+        False
         """
         limit = len(self._buckets) * self._capacity_factor
         return len(self) >= int(limit)
@@ -114,17 +130,104 @@ def _iterate_buckets(self, key: KEY) -> Iterator[int]:
             ind = self._get_next_ind(ind)
 
     def _add_item(self, key: KEY, val: VAL) -> None:
+        """
+        Try to add 3 elements when the size is 5
+        >>> hm = HashMap(5)
+        >>> hm._add_item(1, 10)
+        >>> hm._add_item(2, 20)
+        >>> hm._add_item(3, 30)
+        >>> hm
+        HashMap(1: 10, 2: 20, 3: 30)
+
+        Try to add 3 elements when the size is 5
+        >>> hm = HashMap(5)
+        >>> hm._add_item(-5, 10)
+        >>> hm._add_item(6, 30)
+        >>> hm._add_item(-7, 20)
+        >>> hm
+        HashMap(-5: 10, 6: 30, -7: 20)
+
+        Try to add 3 elements when size is 1
+        >>> hm = HashMap(1)
+        >>> hm._add_item(10, 13.2)
+        >>> hm._add_item(6, 5.26)
+        >>> hm._add_item(7, 5.155)
+        >>> hm
+        HashMap(10: 13.2)
+
+        Trying to add an element with a key that is a floating point value
+        >>> hm = HashMap(5)
+        >>> hm._add_item(1.5, 10)
+        >>> hm
+        HashMap(1.5: 10)
+
+        5. Trying to add an item with the same key
+        >>> hm = HashMap(5)
+        >>> hm._add_item(1, 10)
+        >>> hm._add_item(1, 20)
+        >>> hm
+        HashMap(1: 20)
+        """
         for ind in self._iterate_buckets(key):
             if self._try_set(ind, key, val):
                 break
 
     def __setitem__(self, key: KEY, val: VAL) -> None:
+        """
+        1. Changing value of item whose key is present
+        >>> hm = HashMap(5)
+        >>> hm._add_item(1, 10)
+        >>> hm.__setitem__(1, 20)
+        >>> hm
+        HashMap(1: 20)
+
+        2. Changing value of item whose key is not present
+        >>> hm = HashMap(5)
+        >>> hm._add_item(1, 10)
+        >>> hm.__setitem__(0, 20)
+        >>> hm
+        HashMap(0: 20, 1: 10)
+
+        3. Changing the value of the same item multiple times
+        >>> hm = HashMap(5)
+        >>> hm._add_item(1, 10)
+        >>> hm.__setitem__(1, 20)
+        >>> hm.__setitem__(1, 30)
+        >>> hm
+        HashMap(1: 30)
+        """
         if self._is_full():
             self._size_up()
 
         self._add_item(key, val)
 
     def __delitem__(self, key: KEY) -> None:
+        """
+        >>> hm = HashMap(5)
+        >>> hm._add_item(1, 10)
+        >>> hm._add_item(2, 20)
+        >>> hm._add_item(3, 30)
+        >>> hm.__delitem__(3)
+        >>> hm
+        HashMap(1: 10, 2: 20)
+        >>> hm = HashMap(5)
+        >>> hm._add_item(-5, 10)
+        >>> hm._add_item(6, 30)
+        >>> hm._add_item(-7, 20)
+        >>> hm.__delitem__(-5)
+        >>> hm
+        HashMap(6: 30, -7: 20)
+
+        # Trying to remove a non-existing item
+        >>> hm = HashMap(5)
+        >>> hm._add_item(1, 10)
+        >>> hm._add_item(2, 20)
+        >>> hm._add_item(3, 30)
+        >>> hm.__delitem__(4)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        KeyError: 4
+        """
         for ind in self._iterate_buckets(key):
             item = self._buckets[ind]
             if item is None:
@@ -156,7 +259,13 @@ def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[KEY]:
         yield from (item.key for item in self._buckets if item)
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        val_string = " ,".join(
+        val_string = ", ".join(
             f"{item.key}: {item.val}" for item in self._buckets if item
         )
         return f"HashMap({val_string})"
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()