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Update standard library lesson (#731)
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‎intro/language/standard_library.rst

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -20,67 +20,59 @@ Current directory:
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.. ipython::
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In [17]: os.getcwd()
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Out[17]: '/Users/cburns/src/scipy2009/scipy_2009_tutorial/source'
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In [1]: import os
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In [2]: os.getcwd()
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Out[2]: '/home/jarrod/src/scientific-python-lectures/intro'
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List a directory:
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.. ipython::
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In [31]: os.listdir(os.curdir)
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Out[31]:
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['.index.rst.swo',
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'.python_language.rst.swp',
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'.view_array.py.swp',
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'_static',
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'_templates',
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'basic_types.rst',
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'conf.py',
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'control_flow.rst',
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'debugging.rst',
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...
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In [3]: os.listdir(os.curdir)
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Out[3]: ['intro.rst', 'scipy', 'language', 'matplotlib', 'index.rst', 'numpy', 'help']
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Make a directory:
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.. ipython::
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In [32]: os.mkdir('junkdir')
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In [4]: os.mkdir('junkdir')
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In [33]: 'junkdir' in os.listdir(os.curdir)
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Out[33]: True
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In [5]: 'junkdir' in os.listdir(os.curdir)
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Out[5]: True
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Rename the directory:
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.. ipython::
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In [36]: os.rename('junkdir', 'foodir')
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In [6]: os.rename('junkdir', 'foodir')
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In [37]: 'junkdir' in os.listdir(os.curdir)
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Out[37]: False
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In [7]: 'junkdir' in os.listdir(os.curdir)
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Out[7]: False
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In [38]: 'foodir' in os.listdir(os.curdir)
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Out[38]: True
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In [8]: 'foodir' in os.listdir(os.curdir)
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Out[8]: True
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In [41]: os.rmdir('foodir')
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In [9]: os.rmdir('foodir')
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In [42]: 'foodir' in os.listdir(os.curdir)
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Out[42]: False
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In [10]: 'foodir' in os.listdir(os.curdir)
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Out[10]: False
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Delete a file:
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.. ipython::
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In [44]: fp = open('junk.txt', 'w')
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In [11]: fp = open('junk.txt', 'w')
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In [45]: fp.close()
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In [12]: fp.close()
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In [46]: 'junk.txt' in os.listdir(os.curdir)
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Out[46]: True
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In [13]: 'junk.txt' in os.listdir(os.curdir)
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Out[13]: True
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In [47]: os.remove('junk.txt')
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In [14]: os.remove('junk.txt')
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In [48]: 'junk.txt' in os.listdir(os.curdir)
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Out[48]: False
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In [15]: 'junk.txt' in os.listdir(os.curdir)
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Out[15]: False
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``os.path``: path manipulations
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -89,52 +81,50 @@ Delete a file:
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.. ipython::
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In [70]: fp = open('junk.txt', 'w')
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In [16]: fp = open('junk.txt', 'w')
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In [71]: fp.close()
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In [17]: fp.close()
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In [72]: a = os.path.abspath('junk.txt')
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In [18]: a = os.path.abspath('junk.txt')
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In [73]: a
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Out[73]: '/Users/cburns/src/scipy2009/scipy_2009_tutorial/source/junk.txt'
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In [19]: a
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Out[19]: '/home/jarrod/src/scientific-python-lectures/intro/junk.txt'
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In [74]: os.path.split(a)
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Out[74]: ('/Users/cburns/src/scipy2009/scipy_2009_tutorial/source',
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'junk.txt')
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In [20]: os.path.split(a)
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Out[20]: ('/home/jarrod/src/scientific-python-lectures/intro', 'junk.txt')
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In [78]: os.path.dirname(a)
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Out[78]: '/Users/cburns/src/scipy2009/scipy_2009_tutorial/source'
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In [21]: os.path.dirname(a)
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Out[21]: '/home/jarrod/src/scientific-python-lectures/intro'
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In [79]: os.path.basename(a)
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Out[79]: 'junk.txt'
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In [22]: os.path.basename(a)
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Out[22]: 'junk.txt'
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In [80]: os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(a))
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Out[80]: ('junk', '.txt')
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In [23]: os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(a))
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Out[23]: ('junk', '.txt')
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In [84]: os.path.exists('junk.txt')
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Out[84]: True
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In [24]: os.path.exists('junk.txt')
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Out[24]: True
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In [86]: os.path.isfile('junk.txt')
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Out[86]: True
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In [25]: os.path.isfile('junk.txt')
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Out[25]: True
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In [87]: os.path.isdir('junk.txt')
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Out[87]: False
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In [26]: os.path.isdir('junk.txt')
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Out[26]: False
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In [88]: os.path.expanduser('~/local')
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Out[88]: '/Users/cburns/local'
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In [27]: os.path.expanduser('~/local')
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Out[27]: '/home/jarrod/local'
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In [92]: os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'), 'local', 'bin')
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Out[92]: '/Users/cburns/local/bin'
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In [28]: os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'), 'local', 'bin')
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Out[28]: '/home/jarrod/local/bin'
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Running an external command
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. ipython::
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In [8]: os.system('ls')
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basic_types.rst demo.py functions.rst python_language.rst standard_library.rst
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control_flow.rst exceptions.rst io.rst python-logo.png
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demo2.py first_steps.rst oop.rst reusing_code.rst
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In [29]: os.system('ls')
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help index.rst intro.rst junk.txt language matplotlib numpy scipy
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Out[29]: 0
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.. note:: Alternative to ``os.system``
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@@ -145,20 +135,17 @@ Running an external command
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.. ipython::
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:verbatim:
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In [20]: import sh
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In [20]: com = sh.ls()
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In [30]: import sh
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In [31]: com = sh.ls()
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In [21]: print(com)
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In [32]: print(com)
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basic_types.rst exceptions.rst oop.rst standard_library.rst
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control_flow.rst first_steps.rst python_language.rst
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demo2.py functions.rst python-logo.png
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demo.py io.rst reusing_code.rst
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In [22]: print(com.exit_code)
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0
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In [23]: type(com)
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Out[23]: sh.RunningCommand
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In [33]: type(com)
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Out[33]: str
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Walking a directory
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -172,11 +159,11 @@ Walking a directory
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....: print(os.path.abspath(fp))
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....:
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....:
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/Users/cburns/src/scipy2009/scipy_2009_tutorial/source/.index.rst.swo
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/Users/cburns/src/scipy2009/scipy_2009_tutorial/source/.view_array.py.swp
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/Users/cburns/src/scipy2009/scipy_2009_tutorial/source/basic_types.rst
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/Users/cburns/src/scipy2009/scipy_2009_tutorial/source/conf.py
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/Users/cburns/src/scipy2009/scipy_2009_tutorial/source/control_flow.rst
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/home/jarrod/src/scientific-python-lectures/intro/language/basic_types.rst
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/home/jarrod/src/scientific-python-lectures/intro/language/control_flow.rst
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/home/jarrod/src/scientific-python-lectures/intro/language/python_language.rst
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/home/jarrod/src/scientific-python-lectures/intro/language/reusing_code.rst
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/home/jarrod/src/scientific-python-lectures/intro/language/standard_library.rst
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...
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Environment variables:
@@ -185,35 +172,12 @@ Environment variables:
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.. ipython::
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:verbatim:
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In [9]: import os
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In [11]: os.environ.keys()
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Out[11]:
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['_',
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'FSLDIR',
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'TERM_PROGRAM_VERSION',
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'FSLREMOTECALL',
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'USER',
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'HOME',
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'PATH',
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'PS1',
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'SHELL',
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'EDITOR',
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'WORKON_HOME',
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'PYTHONPATH',
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...
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In [12]: os.environ['PYTHONPATH']
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Out[12]: '.:/Users/cburns/src/utils:/Users/cburns/src/nitools:
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/Users/cburns/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/:
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/usr/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/:
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/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5'
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In [16]: os.getenv('PYTHONPATH')
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Out[16]: '.:/Users/cburns/src/utils:/Users/cburns/src/nitools:
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/Users/cburns/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/:
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/usr/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/:
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/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5'
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In [32]: os.environ.keys()
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Out[32]: KeysView(environ({'SHELL': '/bin/bash', 'COLORTERM': 'truecolor', ...}))
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In [34]: os.environ['SHELL']
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Out[34]: '/bin/bash'
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``shutil``: high-level file operations
@@ -234,12 +198,10 @@ Find all files ending in ``.txt``:
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.. ipython::
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In [18]: import glob
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In [19]: glob.glob('*.txt')
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Out[19]: ['holy_grail.txt', 'junk.txt', 'newfile.txt']
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In [36]: import glob
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In [37]: glob.glob('*.txt')
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Out[37]: ['junk.txt']
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``sys`` module: system-specific information
245207
--------------------------------------------
@@ -248,41 +210,41 @@ System-specific information related to the Python interpreter.
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* Which version of python are you running and where is it installed:
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.. ipython::
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.. ipython::
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In [117]: sys.platform
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Out[117]: 'darwin'
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In [118]: sys.version
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Out[118]: '2.5.2 (r252:60911, Feb 22 2008, 07:57:53) \n
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[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 5363)]'
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In [39]: import sys
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In [119]: sys.prefix
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Out[119]: '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5'
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In [40]: sys.platform
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Out[40]: 'linux'
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* List of command line arguments passed to a Python script:
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In [41]: sys.version
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Out[41]: '3.11.8 (main, Feb 28 2024, 00:00:00) [GCC 13.2.1 20231011 (Red Hat 13.2.1-4)]'
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.. ipython::
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In [42]: sys.prefix
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Out[42]: '/home/jarrod/.venv/nx'
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In [100]: sys.argv
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Out[100]: ['/Users/cburns/local/bin/ipython']
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* List of command line arguments passed to a Python script:
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.. ipython::
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In [43]: sys.argv
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Out[43]: ['/home/jarrod/.venv/nx/bin/ipython']
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``sys.path`` is a list of strings that specifies the search path for
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modules. Initialized from PYTHONPATH:
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.. ipython::
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In [121]: sys.path
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Out[121]:
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['',
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'/Users/cburns/local/bin',
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'/Users/cburns/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/grin-1.1-py2.5.egg',
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'/Users/cburns/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/argparse-0.8.0-py2.5.egg',
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'/Users/cburns/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/urwid-0.9.7.1-py2.5.egg',
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'/Users/cburns/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/yolk-0.4.1-py2.5.egg',
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'/Users/cburns/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/virtualenv-1.2-py2.5.egg',
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...
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In [44]: sys.path
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Out[44]:
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['/home/jarrod/.venv/nx/bin',
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'/usr/lib64/python311.zip',
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'/usr/lib64/python3.11',
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'/usr/lib64/python3.11/lib-dynload',
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'',
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'/home/jarrod/.venv/nx/lib64/python3.11/site-packages',
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'/home/jarrod/.venv/nx/lib/python3.11/site-packages']
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``pickle``: easy persistence
288250
-------------------------------
@@ -291,9 +253,9 @@ Useful to store arbitrary objects to a file. Not safe or fast!
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.. ipython::
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In [1]: import pickle
256+
In [45]: import pickle
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In [2]: l = [1, None, 'Stan']
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In [46]: l = [1, None, 'Stan']
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In [3]: with open('test.pkl', 'wb') as file:
299261
...: pickle.dump(l, file)
@@ -303,7 +265,8 @@ Useful to store arbitrary objects to a file. Not safe or fast!
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...: out = pickle.load(file)
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...:
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In [5]: out
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In [49]: out
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Out[49]: [1, None, 'Stan']
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.. topic:: Exercise

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