diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/ast/Desugar.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/ast/Desugar.scala
index fb045b8a5f64..10d4fed7f058 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/ast/Desugar.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/ast/Desugar.scala
@@ -1504,7 +1504,7 @@ object desugar {
       .withSpan(original.span.withPoint(named.span.start))
 
   /** Main desugaring method */
-  def apply(tree: Tree)(using Context): Tree = {
+  def apply(tree: Tree, pt: Type = NoType)(using Context): Tree = {
 
     /** Create tree for for-comprehension `<for (enums) do body>` or
      *   `<for (enums) yield body>` where mapName and flatMapName are chosen
@@ -1698,11 +1698,11 @@ object desugar {
       }
     }
 
-    def makePolyFunction(targs: List[Tree], body: Tree): Tree = body match {
+    def makePolyFunction(targs: List[Tree], body: Tree, pt: Type): Tree = body match {
       case Parens(body1) =>
-        makePolyFunction(targs, body1)
+        makePolyFunction(targs, body1, pt)
       case Block(Nil, body1) =>
-        makePolyFunction(targs, body1)
+        makePolyFunction(targs, body1, pt)
       case Function(vargs, res) =>
         assert(targs.nonEmpty)
         // TODO: Figure out if we need a `PolyFunctionWithMods` instead.
@@ -1726,12 +1726,26 @@ object desugar {
         }
         else {
           // Desugar [T_1, ..., T_M] -> (x_1: P_1, ..., x_N: P_N) => body
-          // Into    new scala.PolyFunction { def apply[T_1, ..., T_M](x_1: P_1, ..., x_N: P_N) = body }
+          // with pt [S_1, ..., S_M] -> (O_1, ..., O_N) => R
+          // Into    new scala.PolyFunction { def apply[T_1, ..., T_M](x_1: P_1, ..., x_N: P_N): R2 = body }
+          // where R2 is R, with all references to S_1..S_M replaced with T1..T_M.
+
+          def typeTree(tp: Type) = tp match
+            case RefinedType(parent, nme.apply, PolyType(_, mt)) if parent.typeSymbol eq defn.PolyFunctionClass =>
+              var bail = false
+              def mapper(tp: Type, topLevel: Boolean = false): Tree = tp match
+                case tp: TypeRef              => ref(tp)
+                case tp: TypeParamRef         => Ident(applyTParams(tp.paramNum).name)
+                case AppliedType(tycon, args) => AppliedTypeTree(mapper(tycon), args.map(mapper(_)))
+                case _                        => if topLevel then TypeTree() else { bail = true; genericEmptyTree }
+              val mapped = mapper(mt.resultType, topLevel = true)
+              if bail then TypeTree() else mapped
+            case _ => TypeTree()
 
           val applyVParams = vargs.asInstanceOf[List[ValDef]]
             .map(varg => varg.withAddedFlags(mods.flags | Param))
             New(Template(emptyConstructor, List(polyFunctionTpt), Nil, EmptyValDef,
-              List(DefDef(nme.apply, applyTParams :: applyVParams :: Nil, TypeTree(), res))
+              List(DefDef(nme.apply, applyTParams :: applyVParams :: Nil, typeTree(pt), res))
               ))
         }
       case _ =>
@@ -1753,7 +1767,7 @@ object desugar {
 
     val desugared = tree match {
       case PolyFunction(targs, body) =>
-        makePolyFunction(targs, body) orElse tree
+        makePolyFunction(targs, body, pt) orElse tree
       case SymbolLit(str) =>
         Apply(
           ref(defn.ScalaSymbolClass.companionModule.termRef),
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Typer.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Typer.scala
index 71a8872343b4..830131311c12 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Typer.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Typer.scala
@@ -2871,7 +2871,7 @@ class Typer(@constructorOnly nestingLevel: Int = 0) extends Namer
 
               typedTypeOrClassDef
             case tree: untpd.Labeled => typedLabeled(tree)
-            case _ => typedUnadapted(desugar(tree), pt, locked)
+            case _ => typedUnadapted(desugar(tree, pt), pt, locked)
           }
         }
 
@@ -2924,7 +2924,7 @@ class Typer(@constructorOnly nestingLevel: Int = 0) extends Namer
           case tree: untpd.Splice => typedSplice(tree, pt)
           case tree: untpd.MacroTree => report.error("Unexpected macro", tree.srcPos); tpd.nullLiteral  // ill-formed code may reach here
           case tree: untpd.Hole => typedHole(tree, pt)
-          case _ => typedUnadapted(desugar(tree), pt, locked)
+          case _ => typedUnadapted(desugar(tree, pt), pt, locked)
         }
 
         try
diff --git a/tests/pos/i15554.scala b/tests/pos/i15554.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8573a5fff549
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pos/i15554.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+enum PingMessage[Response]:
+  case Ping(from: String) extends PingMessage[String]
+
+val pongBehavior: [O] => (Unit, PingMessage[O]) => (Unit, O) =
+  [P] =>
+    (state: Unit, msg: PingMessage[P]) =>
+      msg match
+        case PingMessage.Ping(from) => ((), s"Pong from $from")