diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/Compiler.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/Compiler.scala
index a051cba5ba05..aeb63d9ff291 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/Compiler.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/Compiler.scala
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ class Compiler {
          new ElimPackagePrefixes,    // Eliminate references to package prefixes in Select nodes
          new CookComments,           // Cook the comments: expand variables, doc, etc.
          new CheckStatic,            // Check restrictions that apply to @static members
+         new CheckLoopingImplicits,  // Check that implicit defs do not call themselves in an infinite loop
          new BetaReduce,             // Reduce closure applications
          new InlineVals,             // Check right hand-sides of an `inline val`s
          new ExpandSAMs) ::          // Expand single abstract method closures to anonymous classes
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/CheckLoopingImplicits.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/CheckLoopingImplicits.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5f8a8ee054f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/CheckLoopingImplicits.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package dotty.tools.dotc
+package transform
+
+import core.*
+import MegaPhase.MiniPhase
+import Contexts.*, Types.*, Symbols.*, SymDenotations.*, Flags.*
+import ast.*
+import Trees.*
+import Decorators.*
+
+import annotation.threadUnsafe
+
+object CheckLoopingImplicits:
+  val name: String = "checkLoopingImplicits"
+
+/** Checks that implicit defs do not call themselves in an infinite loop */
+class CheckLoopingImplicits extends MiniPhase:
+  thisPhase =>
+  import tpd._
+
+  override def phaseName: String = CheckLoopingImplicits.name
+
+  override def transformDefDef(mdef: DefDef)(using Context): DefDef =
+    val sym = mdef.symbol
+
+    def checkNotSelfRef(t: RefTree) =
+      if t.symbol eq sym then
+          report.warning(
+              em"""Infinite loop in function body
+                  |${mdef.rhs}""",
+              mdef.rhs.srcPos
+            )
+
+    def checkNotLooping(t: Tree): Unit = t match
+      case t: Ident =>
+        checkNotSelfRef(t)
+      case t @ Select(qual, _) =>
+        checkNotSelfRef(t)
+        checkNotLooping(qual)
+      case Apply(fn, args) =>
+        checkNotLooping(fn)
+        fn.tpe.widen match
+          case mt: MethodType =>
+            args.lazyZip(mt.paramInfos).foreach { (arg, pinfo) =>
+              if !pinfo.isInstanceOf[ExprType] then checkNotLooping(arg)
+            }
+          case _ =>
+      case TypeApply(fn, _) =>
+        checkNotLooping(fn)
+      case Block(stats, expr) =>
+        stats.foreach(checkNotLooping)
+        checkNotLooping(expr)
+      case Typed(expr, _) =>
+        checkNotLooping(expr)
+      case Assign(lhs, rhs) =>
+        checkNotLooping(lhs)
+        checkNotLooping(rhs)
+      case If(cond, _, _) =>
+        checkNotLooping(cond)
+      case Match(selector, _) =>
+        checkNotLooping(selector)
+      case Labeled(_, expr) =>
+        checkNotLooping(expr)
+      case Return(expr, _) =>
+        checkNotLooping(expr)
+      case WhileDo(cond, _) =>
+        checkNotLooping(cond)
+      case Try(block, _, finalizer) =>
+        checkNotLooping(block)
+        checkNotLooping(finalizer)
+      case SeqLiteral(elems, _) =>
+        elems.foreach(checkNotLooping)
+      case t: ValDef =>
+        if !t.symbol.is(Lazy) then checkNotLooping(t.rhs)
+      case _ =>
+
+    if sym.isOneOf(GivenOrImplicit) then
+      checkNotLooping(mdef.rhs)
+    mdef
+  end transformDefDef
+end CheckLoopingImplicits
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/neg-custom-args/fatal-warnings/i13542.scala b/tests/neg-custom-args/fatal-warnings/i13542.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1c5fa4958c75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/neg-custom-args/fatal-warnings/i13542.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import scala.language.implicitConversions
+
+case class Foo(i: Int) extends AnyVal:
+  def toFoo = this
+
+case class Bar(i: Int) extends AnyVal
+
+class BarOps(bar: Bar):
+  def toFoo = Foo(bar.i)
+
+implicit def augmentBar(bar: Bar): BarOps = BarOps(bar)
+
+def lazyIdentity[T](x: => T): T = x
+def repIdentity[T](x: T*): T = x(0)
+
+val x1 =
+  implicit def barToFoo(bar: Bar): Foo = bar.toFoo // error: infinite loop in function body
+  val foo: Foo = Bar(1)
+
+val x2 =
+  implicit def barToFoo2(bar: Bar): Foo =
+    identity(bar.toFoo)  // error
+  val foo: Foo = Bar(1)
+
+val x3 =
+  implicit def barToFoo3(bar: Bar): Foo =
+    lazyIdentity(bar.toFoo)  // OK
+  val foo: Foo = Bar(1)
+
+val x4 =
+  implicit def barToFoo4(bar: Bar): Foo =
+    repIdentity(bar.toFoo)  // error
+  val foo: Foo = Bar(1)
+
+val x5 =
+  implicit def barToFoo4(bar: Bar): Foo =
+    val y = bar.toFoo  // error
+    y
+  val foo: Foo = Bar(1)
+
+val x6 =
+  implicit def barToFoo4(bar: Bar): Foo =
+    lazy val y = bar.toFoo  // OK
+    if false then y else ???
+  val foo: Foo = Bar(1)
+
+
+
+
+