diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/init/Checking.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/init/Checking.scala
index cc8f95b20e8c..1e4090f841ed 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/init/Checking.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/init/Checking.scala
@@ -264,55 +264,125 @@ object Checking {
         val Summary(pots, effs) = expand(pot)
         val effs2 = pots.map(FieldAccess(_, field)(eff.source))
         (effs2 ++ effs).toList.flatMap(check(_))
+    }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if we can just directly promote a potential.
+   * A potential can be (currently) directly promoted if and only if:
+   * - `pot == this` and all fields of this are initialized, or
+   * - `pot == Warm(C, outer)` where `outer` can be directly promoted.
+   */
+  private def canDirectlyPromote(pot: Potential, visited: Set[Potential] = Set.empty)(using state: State): Boolean = trace("checking direct promotion of " + pot.show, init) {
+    if (state.safePromoted.contains(pot)) true
+    // If this potential's promotion depends on itself, we cannot directly promote it.
+    else if (visited.contains(pot)) false
+    else pot match {
+      case pot: ThisRef =>
+        // If we have all fields initialized, then we can promote This to hot.
+        val classRef = state.thisClass.info.asInstanceOf[ClassInfo].appliedRef
+        classRef.fields.forall { denot =>
+          val sym = denot.symbol
+          sym.isOneOf(Flags.Lazy | Flags.Deferred) || state.fieldsInited.contains(sym)
+        }
+      case Warm(cls, outer) =>
+        canDirectlyPromote(outer)
+      case _ =>
+        val summary = expand(pot)
+        if (!summary.effs.isEmpty)
+          false // max depth of expansion reached
+        else summary.pots.forall(canDirectlyPromote(_, visited + pot))
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check the Promotion of a Warm object, according to "Rule 2":
+   *
+   * Rule 2: Promote(pot)
+   *
+   * for all concrete methods `m` of D
+   *    pot.m!, Promote(pot.m)
+   *
+   * for all concrete fields `f` of D
+   *    Promote(pot.f)
+   *
+   * for all inner classes `F` of D
+   *    Warm[F, pot].init!, Promote(Warm[F, pot])
+   */
+  private def checkPromoteWarm(warm: Warm, eff: Effect)(using state: State): Errors =
+    val Warm(cls, outer) = warm
+    val source = eff.source
+    // Errors.empty
+    val classRef = cls.info.asInstanceOf[ClassInfo].appliedRef
+    // All members of class must be promotable.
+    val buffer = new mutable.ArrayBuffer[Effect]
+    val excludedFlags = Flags.Deferred | Flags.Private | Flags.Protected
+
+    classRef.fields.foreach { denot =>
+      val f = denot.symbol
+      if !f.isOneOf(excludedFlags) && f.hasSource then
+        buffer += Promote(FieldReturn(warm, f)(source))(source)
+        buffer += FieldAccess(warm, f)(source)
+    }
+
+    classRef.membersBasedOnFlags(Flags.Method, Flags.Deferred).foreach { denot =>
+      val m = denot.symbol
+      if !m.isConstructor && m.hasSource && !theEnv.canIgnoreMethod(m) then
+        buffer += MethodCall(warm, m)(source)
+        buffer += Promote(MethodReturn(warm, m)(source))(source)
+    }
 
+    classRef.memberClasses.foreach { denot =>
+      val cls = denot.symbol.asClass
+      if cls.hasSource then
+        val potInner = Potentials.asSeenFrom(Warm(cls, ThisRef()(source))(source), warm)
+        buffer += MethodCall(potInner, cls.primaryConstructor)(source)
+        buffer += Promote(potInner)(source)
     }
 
+    for (eff <- buffer.toList) {
+      val errs = check(eff)
+      if !errs.isEmpty then
+        return UnsafePromotion(warm, eff.source, state.path, errs.toList).toErrors
+    }
+    Errors.empty
 
   private def checkPromote(eff: Promote)(using state: State): Errors =
     if (state.safePromoted.contains(eff.potential)) Errors.empty
     else {
       val pot = eff.potential
-      val errs = pot match {
-        case pot: ThisRef =>
-          // If we have all fields initialized, then we can promote This to hot.
-          val classRef = state.thisClass.info.asInstanceOf[ClassInfo].appliedRef
-          val allFieldsInited = classRef.fields.forall { denot =>
-            val sym = denot.symbol
-            sym.isOneOf(Flags.Lazy | Flags.Deferred) || state.fieldsInited.contains(sym)
-          }
-          if (allFieldsInited)
-            Errors.empty
-          else
-            PromoteThis(pot, eff.source, state.path).toErrors
-
-        case _: Cold =>
-          PromoteCold(eff.source, state.path).toErrors
-
-        case pot @ Warm(cls, outer) =>
-          val errors = state.test { checkPromote(Promote(outer)(eff.source)) }
-          if (errors.isEmpty) Errors.empty
-          else PromoteWarm(pot, eff.source, state.path).toErrors
-
-        case Fun(pots, effs) =>
-          val errs1 = state.test {
-            effs.toList.flatMap(check(_))
-          }
-          val errs2 = state.test {
-            pots.toList.flatMap { pot =>
-              checkPromote(Promote(pot)(eff.source))
+      val errs =
+        if canDirectlyPromote(pot) then
+          Errors.empty
+        else pot match {
+          case pot: ThisRef =>
+              PromoteThis(pot, eff.source, state.path).toErrors
+
+          case _: Cold =>
+            PromoteCold(eff.source, state.path).toErrors
+
+          case pot @ Warm(cls, outer) =>
+            checkPromoteWarm(pot, eff)
+
+          case Fun(pots, effs) =>
+            val errs1 = state.test {
+              effs.toList.flatMap(check(_))
+            }
+            val errs2 = state.test {
+              pots.toList.flatMap { pot =>
+                checkPromote(Promote(pot)(eff.source))
+              }
             }
-          }
 
-          if (errs1.nonEmpty || errs2.nonEmpty)
-            UnsafePromotion(pot, eff.source, state.path, errs1 ++ errs2).toErrors
-          else
-            Errors.empty
+            if (errs1.nonEmpty || errs2.nonEmpty)
+              UnsafePromotion(pot, eff.source, state.path, errs1 ++ errs2).toErrors
+            else
+              Errors.empty
 
-        case pot =>
-          val Summary(pots, effs) = expand(pot)
-          val effs2 = pots.map(Promote(_)(eff.source))
-          (effs2 ++ effs).toList.flatMap(check(_))
-      }
+          case pot =>
+            val Summary(pots, effs) = expand(pot)
+            val effs2 = pots.map(Promote(_)(eff.source))
+            (effs2 ++ effs).toList.flatMap(check(_))
+        }
       // If we can safely promote, then we don't need to check again
       if (errs.isEmpty)
         state.safePromoted += pot
diff --git a/tests/init/neg/inner1.scala b/tests/init/neg/inner1.scala
index bef2fd2d159e..d39c3ba2ac77 100644
--- a/tests/init/neg/inner1.scala
+++ b/tests/init/neg/inner1.scala
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ class Foo {
   val list = List(1, 2, 3) // error, as Inner access `this.list`
 
   val inner: Inner = new this.Inner // ok, `list` is instantiated
-  lib.escape(inner) // error
+  lib.escape(inner) // ok, can promote inner early
 
   val name = "good"
 
diff --git a/tests/init/neg/inner17.scala b/tests/init/neg/inner17.scala
index 441ed02767b3..756278cd5130 100644
--- a/tests/init/neg/inner17.scala
+++ b/tests/init/neg/inner17.scala
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ class A {
     val a = f
   }
 
-  println(new B)              // error
+  println(new B)              // OK, can promote B early
 }
 
 class C extends A {
diff --git a/tests/init/neg/inner19.scala b/tests/init/neg/inner19.scala
index 2089f777dc52..2e502eddc24c 100644
--- a/tests/init/neg/inner19.scala
+++ b/tests/init/neg/inner19.scala
@@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ class A {
 
 class B extends A {
   println((new O.B).f)
-  O.C(4)                // error
-  override val n = 50   // error
+  O.C(4)
+  override val n = 50   // error because line 16
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/init/pos/early-promote.scala b/tests/init/pos/early-promote.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..02b85c3f4e8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/init/pos/early-promote.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+class Y {
+ class X {
+   class B {
+     def g = f
+     def g2 = n
+   }
+   val f = 42
+   val b = new B  // warm(B, X.this)
+ }
+
+ val n = 10
+ val x = new X
+ List(x.b)      // unsafe promotion
+
+}
+
+class A { // checking A
+  class B {
+    def bf = 42
+    class C {
+      def x = bf // uses outer[C], but never outer[B]
+    }
+    List((new C).x)
+    def c = new C
+  }
+  val b = new B()
+  List(b) // Direct promotion works here
+  val af = 42
+}
+
+class RecursiveF {
+  val a = f
+  def f: RecursiveF = f
+  class B(x: Int)
+
+  println(new a.B(5))
+  val n = 10
+}