diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/parsing/Parsers.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/parsing/Parsers.scala
index eea9977aad21..2e7f8fb5d563 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/parsing/Parsers.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/parsing/Parsers.scala
@@ -443,11 +443,11 @@ object Parsers {
 
     /** Convert tree to formal parameter list
     */
-    def convertToParams(tree: Tree, mods: Modifiers): List[ValDef] = tree match {
+    def convertToParams(tree: Tree): List[ValDef] = tree match {
       case Parens(t) =>
-        convertToParam(t, mods) :: Nil
+        convertToParam(t) :: Nil
       case Tuple(ts) =>
-        ts.map(convertToParam(_, mods))
+        ts.map(convertToParam(_))
       case t: Typed =>
         report.errorOrMigrationWarning(
           em"parentheses are required around the parameter of a lambda${rewriteNotice()}",
@@ -455,23 +455,23 @@ object Parsers {
         if migrateTo3 then
           patch(source, t.span.startPos, "(")
           patch(source, t.span.endPos, ")")
-        convertToParam(t, mods) :: Nil
+        convertToParam(t) :: Nil
       case t =>
-        convertToParam(t, mods) :: Nil
+        convertToParam(t) :: Nil
     }
 
     /** Convert tree to formal parameter
     */
-    def convertToParam(tree: Tree, mods: Modifiers, expected: String = "formal parameter"): ValDef = tree match {
+    def convertToParam(tree: Tree, expected: String = "formal parameter"): ValDef = tree match {
       case id @ Ident(name) =>
-        makeParameter(name.asTermName, TypeTree(), mods, isBackquoted = isBackquoted(id)).withSpan(tree.span)
+        makeParameter(name.asTermName, TypeTree(), EmptyModifiers, isBackquoted = isBackquoted(id)).withSpan(tree.span)
       case Typed(id @ Ident(name), tpt) =>
-        makeParameter(name.asTermName, tpt, mods, isBackquoted = isBackquoted(id)).withSpan(tree.span)
+        makeParameter(name.asTermName, tpt, EmptyModifiers, isBackquoted = isBackquoted(id)).withSpan(tree.span)
       case Typed(Splice(Ident(name)), tpt) =>
-        makeParameter(("$" + name).toTermName, tpt, mods).withSpan(tree.span)
+        makeParameter(("$" + name).toTermName, tpt, EmptyModifiers).withSpan(tree.span)
       case _ =>
         syntaxError(s"not a legal $expected", tree.span)
-        makeParameter(nme.ERROR, tree, mods)
+        makeParameter(nme.ERROR, tree, EmptyModifiers)
     }
 
     /** Convert (qual)ident to type identifier
@@ -1500,7 +1500,7 @@ object Parsers {
     def typedFunParam(start: Offset, name: TermName, mods: Modifiers = EmptyModifiers): ValDef =
       atSpan(start) {
         accept(COLON)
-        makeParameter(name, typ(), mods | Param)
+        makeParameter(name, typ(), mods)
       }
 
     /**  FunParamClause ::=  ‘(’ TypedFunParam {‘,’ TypedFunParam } ‘)’
@@ -1854,14 +1854,14 @@ object Parsers {
       accept(altToken)
       t
 
-    /** Expr              ::=  [`implicit'] FunParams (‘=>’ | ‘?=>’) Expr
+    /** Expr              ::=  [`implicit'] FunParams ‘=>’ Expr
      *                      |  Expr1
      *  FunParams         ::=  Bindings
      *                      |  id
      *                      |  `_'
      *  ExprInParens      ::=  PostfixExpr `:' Type
      *                      |  Expr
-     *  BlockResult       ::=  [‘implicit’] FunParams (‘=>’ | ‘?=>’) Block
+     *  BlockResult       ::=  [‘implicit’] FunParams ‘=>’ Block
      *                      |  Expr1
      *  Expr1             ::=  [‘inline’] `if' `(' Expr `)' {nl} Expr [[semi] else Expr]
      *                      |  [‘inline’] `if' Expr `then' Expr [[semi] else Expr]
@@ -1910,10 +1910,9 @@ object Parsers {
         finally placeholderParams = saved
 
         val t = expr1(location)
-        if (in.token == ARROW || in.token == CTXARROW) {
+        if (in.token == ARROW) {
           placeholderParams = Nil // don't interpret `_' to the left of `=>` as placeholder
-          val paramMods = if in.token == CTXARROW then Modifiers(Given) else EmptyModifiers
-          wrapPlaceholders(closureRest(start, location, convertToParams(t, paramMods)))
+          wrapPlaceholders(closureRest(start, location, convertToParams(t)))
         }
         else if (isWildcard(t)) {
           placeholderParams = placeholderParams ::: saved
@@ -2176,7 +2175,7 @@ object Parsers {
 
     def closureRest(start: Int, location: Location, params: List[Tree]): Tree =
       atSpan(start, in.offset) {
-        if in.token == CTXARROW then in.nextToken() else accept(ARROW)
+        accept(ARROW)
         Function(params, if (location == Location.InBlock) block() else expr())
       }
 
@@ -3778,7 +3777,7 @@ object Parsers {
             case Typed(tree @ This(EmptyTypeIdent), tpt) =>
               self = makeSelfDef(nme.WILDCARD, tpt).withSpan(first.span)
             case _ =>
-              val ValDef(name, tpt, _) = convertToParam(first, EmptyModifiers, "self type clause")
+              val ValDef(name, tpt, _) = convertToParam(first, "self type clause")
               if (name != nme.ERROR)
                 self = makeSelfDef(name, tpt).withSpan(first.span)
           }
diff --git a/docs/docs/internals/syntax.md b/docs/docs/internals/syntax.md
index 9819bd4ee770..9a508443c21d 100644
--- a/docs/docs/internals/syntax.md
+++ b/docs/docs/internals/syntax.md
@@ -188,9 +188,9 @@ Types             ::=  Type {‘,’ Type}
 
 ### Expressions
 ```ebnf
-Expr              ::=  FunParams (‘=>’ | ‘?=>’) Expr                            Function(args, expr), Function(ValDef([implicit], id, TypeTree(), EmptyTree), expr)
+Expr              ::=  FunParams ‘=>’ Expr                                      Function(args, expr), Function(ValDef([implicit], id, TypeTree(), EmptyTree), expr)
                     |  Expr1
-BlockResult       ::=  FunParams (‘=>’ | ‘?=>’) Block
+BlockResult       ::=  FunParams ‘=>’ Block
                     |  Expr1
 FunParams         ::=  Bindings
                     |  id
diff --git a/library/src-bootstrapped/scala/internal/quoted/Expr.scala b/library/src-bootstrapped/scala/internal/quoted/Expr.scala
index 4d09e9d1fc69..6412ebc46142 100644
--- a/library/src-bootstrapped/scala/internal/quoted/Expr.scala
+++ b/library/src-bootstrapped/scala/internal/quoted/Expr.scala
@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@ object Expr {
   }
 
   /** Returns a null expresssion equivalent to `'{null}` */
-  def `null`: QuoteContext ?=> quoted.Expr[Null] = qctx ?=> {
+  def `null`: QuoteContext ?=> quoted.Expr[Null] = (using qctx) => {
     import qctx.reflect._
     Literal(Constant.Null()).seal.asInstanceOf[quoted.Expr[Null]]
   }
 
   /** Returns a unit expresssion equivalent to `'{}` or `'{()}` */
-  def Unit: QuoteContext ?=> quoted.Expr[Unit] = qctx ?=> {
+  def Unit: QuoteContext ?=> quoted.Expr[Unit] = (using qctx) => {
     import qctx.reflect._
     Literal(Constant.Unit()).seal.asInstanceOf[quoted.Expr[Unit]]
   }
diff --git a/tests/neg/i2006.scala b/tests/neg/i2006.scala
index 850c2588ba12..469bf358bb82 100644
--- a/tests/neg/i2006.scala
+++ b/tests/neg/i2006.scala
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ object Test {
   inline def bar(f: Int ?=> Int) = f // error
 
   def main(args: Array[String]) = {
-    foo(thisTransaction ?=> 43)
-    bar(thisTransaction ?=> 44)
+    foo((using thisTransaction) => 43)
+    bar((using thisTransaction) => 44)
   }
 }
diff --git a/tests/neg/i2146.scala b/tests/neg/i2146.scala
index 015805dfd4e7..606304ba7352 100644
--- a/tests/neg/i2146.scala
+++ b/tests/neg/i2146.scala
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 class Test {
-  def foo[A, B]: A ?=> B ?=> Int = { (b: B) ?=>  // error: found Int, required: A ?=> B ?=> Int
+  def foo[A, B]: A ?=> B ?=> Int = { (using b: B) =>  // error: found Int, required: A ?=> B ?=> Int
     42
   }
 }
diff --git a/tests/neg/i4668.scala b/tests/neg/i4668.scala
index 6ea702f47f09..685c83fd1109 100644
--- a/tests/neg/i4668.scala
+++ b/tests/neg/i4668.scala
@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ trait Functor[F[_]] { def map[A,B](x: F[A])(f: A => B): F[B] }
 object Functor { implicit object listFun extends Functor[List] { def map[A,B](ls: List[A])(f: A => B) = ls.map(f) } }
 
 val map: (A:Type,B:Type,F:Type1) ?=>  (Functor[F.T]) ?=> (F.T[A.T]) => (A.T => B.T) => F.T[B.T] =
-  fun ?=> x => f => fun.map(x)(f) // error
\ No newline at end of file
+  (using fun) => (using x) => f => fun.map(x)(f) // error
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/neg/scoped-quoted-expr-proto.scala b/tests/neg/scoped-quoted-expr-proto.scala
index 840542e8fb67..c8d0f3bb8363 100644
--- a/tests/neg/scoped-quoted-expr-proto.scala
+++ b/tests/neg/scoped-quoted-expr-proto.scala
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ package b {
       }
     }
 
-    r { qctx ?=>
+    r { (using qctx) =>
       var escaped: qctx.Expr[Double] = ???
       q{ (x: Double) =>
         s{
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ package c {
       }
     }
 
-    r { qctx ?=>
+    r { (using qctx) =>
       var escaped: qctx.Expr[Double] = ???
       q{ (x: Double) =>
         s{
diff --git a/tests/pos/case-getters.scala b/tests/pos/case-getters.scala
index 391700aafb71..df2862a333ca 100644
--- a/tests/pos/case-getters.scala
+++ b/tests/pos/case-getters.scala
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 case class Foo(x: 1, y: Int ?=> Int)
 object Test {
-  val f = Foo(1, (i: Int) ?=> i)
+  val f = Foo(1, (using i: Int) => i)
   val fx1: 1 = f.x
   val fx2: 1 = f._1
   val fy1: Int = f.y(using 1)
diff --git a/tests/pos/i5966.scala b/tests/pos/i5966.scala
index 88a0c9a9beb5..05142f28d442 100644
--- a/tests/pos/i5966.scala
+++ b/tests/pos/i5966.scala
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 object Test {
-  def foo = (v: Int) ?=> (x: Int) => v + x
+  def foo = (using v: Int) => (x: Int) => v + x
   given myInt as Int = 4
 
   foo.apply(1)
diff --git a/tests/pos/i6863/lib_1.scala b/tests/pos/i6863/lib_1.scala
index cde38c97220a..b43393ae68bc 100644
--- a/tests/pos/i6863/lib_1.scala
+++ b/tests/pos/i6863/lib_1.scala
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 trait Ctx
-inline def foo(): Unit = (x: Ctx) ?=> ()
+inline def foo(): Unit = (using x: Ctx) => ()
diff --git a/tests/pos/ift-assign.scala b/tests/pos/ift-assign.scala
index 7e9243760245..07def0f68d8a 100644
--- a/tests/pos/ift-assign.scala
+++ b/tests/pos/ift-assign.scala
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 class Context
 
 object Test {
-  var f: Context ?=> String = (_ ?=> "")
+  var f: Context ?=> String = ((using _) => "")
 
   f = f
 
diff --git a/tests/pos/inline-apply.scala b/tests/pos/inline-apply.scala
index f70975d609b2..d1cca29ac65f 100644
--- a/tests/pos/inline-apply.scala
+++ b/tests/pos/inline-apply.scala
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ object Test {
   def transform()(implicit ctx: Context) = {
     inline def withLocalOwner[T](op: Context ?=> T) = op(using ctx)
 
-    withLocalOwner { ctx ?=> }
+    withLocalOwner { (using ctx) => }
 
   }
 }
diff --git a/tests/pos/reference/delegates.scala b/tests/pos/reference/delegates.scala
index ea7c7f5d8ec1..5c830a1a2e1d 100644
--- a/tests/pos/reference/delegates.scala
+++ b/tests/pos/reference/delegates.scala
@@ -78,12 +78,12 @@ object Instances extends Common:
     println(minimum(xs))
 
   case class Context(value: String)
-  val c0: Context ?=> String = ctx ?=> ctx.value
-  val c1: Context ?=> String = (ctx: Context) ?=> ctx.value
+  val c0: Context ?=> String = (using ctx) => ctx.value
+  val c1: Context ?=> String = (using ctx: Context) => ctx.value
 
   class A
   class B
-  val ab: (x: A, y: B) ?=> Int = (a: A, b: B) ?=> 22
+  val ab: (x: A, y: B) ?=> Int = (using a: A, b: B) => 22
 
   trait TastyAPI:
     type Symbol
diff --git a/tests/pos/tasty-tags-obscure.scala b/tests/pos/tasty-tags-obscure.scala
index cd883ee0aeba..315703915ba5 100644
--- a/tests/pos/tasty-tags-obscure.scala
+++ b/tests/pos/tasty-tags-obscure.scala
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 object ObscureTasty:
 
   def foo(f: [t] => List[t] ?=> Unit) = ???
-  def test1 = foo([t] => (a: List[t]) ?=> ()) // POLYtype => GIVENMETHODType
+  def test1 = foo([t] => (using a: List[t]) => ()) // POLYtype => GIVENMETHODType
   def bar(f: [t] => List[t] => Unit) = ???
   def test2 = bar([t] => (a: List[t]) => ()) // POLYtype => METHODType
 
diff --git a/tests/run-macros/i9812b/Macro_1.scala b/tests/run-macros/i9812b/Macro_1.scala
index 8a4f81315f84..715bf037b895 100644
--- a/tests/run-macros/i9812b/Macro_1.scala
+++ b/tests/run-macros/i9812b/Macro_1.scala
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ final case class CONS[+T](head: T, tail: Lst[T]) extends Lst[T]
 case object NIL extends Lst[Nothing]
 
 given IntLiftable[T <: Int] as Liftable[T]:
-  def toExpr(x: T): QuoteContext ?=> Expr[T] = qctx ?=> {
+  def toExpr(x: T): QuoteContext ?=> Expr[T] = (using qctx) => {
     import qctx.reflect._
     Literal(Constant.Int(x)).seal.asInstanceOf[Expr[T]]
   }
diff --git a/tests/run-staging/quote-nested-1.scala b/tests/run-staging/quote-nested-1.scala
index 434c32b69891..7c467da7edff 100644
--- a/tests/run-staging/quote-nested-1.scala
+++ b/tests/run-staging/quote-nested-1.scala
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import scala.quoted.staging._
 object Test {
   given Toolbox = Toolbox.make(getClass.getClassLoader)
   def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = withQuoteContext {
-    val q = '{ (qctx: QuoteContext) ?=> '{3} }
+    val q = '{ (using qctx: QuoteContext) => '{3} }
     println(q.show)
   }
 }
diff --git a/tests/run/i2146.scala b/tests/run/i2146.scala
index 4805ebfb8d74..7efbf30f73fb 100644
--- a/tests/run/i2146.scala
+++ b/tests/run/i2146.scala
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ object Test {
   def foo[A, B]: A ?=> B ?=> (A, B) =
     (implicitly[A], implicitly[B])
 
-  def bar[A, B]: A ?=> B ?=> (A, B) = {(a: A) ?=>
+  def bar[A, B]: A ?=> B ?=> (A, B) = {(using a: A) =>
     (implicitly[A], implicitly[B])
   }
 
diff --git a/tests/run/i3448.scala b/tests/run/i3448.scala
index 4acd986573a1..42ee42be4e1e 100644
--- a/tests/run/i3448.scala
+++ b/tests/run/i3448.scala
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ object Test extends App {
 
   val x: IF[Int] = implicitly[C].x
 
-  val xs0: List[IF[Int]] = List(_ ?=> x)
+  val xs0: List[IF[Int]] = List((using _) => x)
   val xs: List[IF[Int]] = List(x)
   val ys: IF[List[Int]] = xs.map(x => x)
   val zs = ys(using C(22))
diff --git a/tests/run/implicitFuns.scala b/tests/run/implicitFuns.scala
index d505eeea0d7a..f240a13fb999 100644
--- a/tests/run/implicitFuns.scala
+++ b/tests/run/implicitFuns.scala
@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ object Test {
 
     implicit val world: String = "world!"
 
-    val i1 = ((s: String) ?=> s.length > 2)
-    val i2 = {(s: String) ?=> s.length > 2}
+    val i1 = ((using s: String) => s.length > 2)
+    val i2 = {(using s: String) => s.length > 2}
 
     assert(i1)
     assert(i2)
 
-    val x: String ?=> Boolean = { (s: String) ?=> s.length > 2 }
+    val x: String ?=> Boolean = { (using s: String) => s.length > 2 }
 
-    val xx: (String, Int) ?=> Int = (x: String, y: Int) ?=> x.length + y
+    val xx: (String, Int) ?=> Int = (using x: String, y: Int) => x.length + y
 
     val y: String => Boolean = x(using _)
 
diff --git a/tests/run/polymorphic-functions.scala b/tests/run/polymorphic-functions.scala
index 1667460ddbb8..80880b5aa9b4 100644
--- a/tests/run/polymorphic-functions.scala
+++ b/tests/run/polymorphic-functions.scala
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ object Test extends App {
     new Show[Int] {
       def show(t: Int): String = t.toString
     }
-  val s = [T] => (t: T) => (st: Show[T]) ?=> st.show(t)
+  val s = [T] => (t: T) => (using st: Show[T]) => st.show(t)
   assert(s(23) == "23")
 
   // Parens handling