First draft of SIP to allow referring to other arguments in default parameters

Author: pathikrit

sips/pending/_posts/2017-01-11-refer-other-arguments-in-args.md

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+---
+layout: sip
+disqus: true
+title: SIP-NN - SIP Title
+---
+
+**By: Pathikrit Bhowmick**
+
+## History
+
+| Date          | Version       |
+|---------------|---------------|
+| Jan 11th 2017 | Initial Draft |
+
+## Introduction
+Currently there is no way to refer to other arguments in the default parameters list:
+
+Does not compile:
+```scala
+def substring(s: String, start: Int = 0, end: Int = s.length): String
+```
+
+The workaround to achieve this is by using a curried-function:
+```scala
+def substring(s: String, start: Int = 0)(end: Int = s.length): String
+```
+
+However, the above workaround is not always suitable in certain situations.
+
+### Proposal
+Allow to refer to ***any*** parameters in the same (or left) curried parameter list:
+```scala
+def substring(s: String, start: Int = 0, end: Int = s.length)   // Legal
+def substring(start: Int = 0, end: Int = s.length, s: String)   // Legal !!!
+def substring(s: String, start: Int = 0)(end: Int = s.length)   // Legal (works currently)
+def substring(start: Int = 0, end: Int = s.length)(s: String)   // Illegal
+```
+
+The same applies for class arguments:
+```scala
+class Substring(s: String, start: Int = 0, end: Int = s.length)   // Legal
+class Substring(start: Int = 0, end: Int = s.length, s: String)   // Legal
+class Substring(s: String, start: Int = 0)(end: Int = s.length)   // Legal
+class Substring(start: Int = 0, end: Int = s.length)(s: String)   // Illegal
+```
+
+We should also be able to refer to ***multiple*** paramaeters:
+```scala
+def binarySearch(start: Int, end: Int, middle: Int = (start + end)/2)  // Legal
+```
+
+## Interactions with other syntax
+
+#### Partially Applied Functions:
+It must be required to specify the default arguments if the default argument's reference is unapplied:
+```scala
+def substring(s: String, start: Int = 0, end: Int = s.length)
+
+substring(_, start = 0, end = 5)      // Legal
+substring(_, end = 5)                 // Legal (start = 0)
+substring(_, start = 0)               // Illegal (need to declare end)
+```
+
+#### Multiple Implicit Parameters
+[Multiple implicit parameters](https://github.com/scala/scala.github.com/pull/520) should also be allowed to refer to one another (left to right):
+```scala
+def codec[A](data: A)(implicit encoder: Encoder[A])(implicit decoder: Decoder[A] = encoder.reverse) // Legal
+```
+
+#### Referring to type members:
+The default parameters should be able to refer to type members of other arguments e.g.:
+```scala
+trait Codec {
+  type Input
+  type Output
+}
+
+def codec(codec: Codec, in: codec.Input, out: codec.Output) // Legal !!!
+```
+
+### Other languages
+The following languages allow referring to previously declared arguments in the function signature:
+* [CoffeeScript](http://coffeescript.org/)
+* [Kotlin](http://kotlinlang.org)
+* [TypeScript](https://www.typescriptlang.org/)
+
+AFAIK, there are no major languages where referring to parameters declared to the ***right*** is allowed.
+
+### Discussions
+[Scala Lang Forum](https://contributors.scala-lang.org/t/refer-to-previous-argument-in-default-argument-list/215/6)