diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/build_reduced_graph.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/build_reduced_graph.rs
index 7277773334513..e6ceedddfa1be 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/build_reduced_graph.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/build_reduced_graph.rs
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
 //! Imports are also considered items and placed into modules here, but not resolved yet.
 
 use crate::def_collector::collect_definitions;
-use crate::imports::{Import, ImportKind};
+use crate::imports::{ImportData, ImportKind};
 use crate::macros::{MacroRulesBinding, MacroRulesScope, MacroRulesScopeRef};
 use crate::Namespace::{self, MacroNS, TypeNS, ValueNS};
-use crate::{errors, BindingKey, MacroData};
+use crate::{errors, BindingKey, MacroData, NameBindingData};
 use crate::{Determinacy, ExternPreludeEntry, Finalize, Module, ModuleKind, ModuleOrUniformRoot};
 use crate::{NameBinding, NameBindingKind, ParentScope, PathResult, PerNS, ResolutionError};
 use crate::{Resolver, ResolverArenas, Segment, ToNameBinding, VisResolutionError};
@@ -31,15 +31,14 @@ use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::Span;
 
 use std::cell::Cell;
-use std::ptr;
 
 type Res = def::Res<NodeId>;
 
 impl<'a, Id: Into<DefId>> ToNameBinding<'a>
     for (Module<'a>, ty::Visibility<Id>, Span, LocalExpnId)
 {
-    fn to_name_binding(self, arenas: &'a ResolverArenas<'a>) -> &'a NameBinding<'a> {
-        arenas.alloc_name_binding(NameBinding {
+    fn to_name_binding(self, arenas: &'a ResolverArenas<'a>) -> NameBinding<'a> {
+        arenas.alloc_name_binding(NameBindingData {
             kind: NameBindingKind::Module(self.0),
             ambiguity: None,
             vis: self.1.to_def_id(),
@@ -50,8 +49,8 @@ impl<'a, Id: Into<DefId>> ToNameBinding<'a>
 }
 
 impl<'a, Id: Into<DefId>> ToNameBinding<'a> for (Res, ty::Visibility<Id>, Span, LocalExpnId) {
-    fn to_name_binding(self, arenas: &'a ResolverArenas<'a>) -> &'a NameBinding<'a> {
-        arenas.alloc_name_binding(NameBinding {
+    fn to_name_binding(self, arenas: &'a ResolverArenas<'a>) -> NameBinding<'a> {
+        arenas.alloc_name_binding(NameBindingData {
             kind: NameBindingKind::Res(self.0),
             ambiguity: None,
             vis: self.1.to_def_id(),
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         let binding = def.to_name_binding(self.arenas);
         let key = self.new_disambiguated_key(ident, ns);
         if let Err(old_binding) = self.try_define(parent, key, binding) {
-            self.report_conflict(parent, ident, ns, old_binding, &binding);
+            self.report_conflict(parent, ident, ns, old_binding, binding);
         }
     }
 
@@ -142,8 +141,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             Some(def_id) => self.macro_def_scope(def_id),
             None => expn_id
                 .as_local()
-                .and_then(|expn_id| self.ast_transform_scopes.get(&expn_id))
-                .unwrap_or(&self.graph_root),
+                .and_then(|expn_id| self.ast_transform_scopes.get(&expn_id).copied())
+                .unwrap_or(self.graph_root),
         }
     }
 
@@ -354,7 +353,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
         vis: ty::Visibility,
     ) {
         let current_module = self.parent_scope.module;
-        let import = self.r.arenas.alloc_import(Import {
+        let import = self.r.arenas.alloc_import(ImportData {
             kind,
             parent_scope: self.parent_scope,
             module_path,
@@ -378,7 +377,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
                     if !type_ns_only || ns == TypeNS {
                         let key = BindingKey::new(target, ns);
                         let mut resolution = this.resolution(current_module, key).borrow_mut();
-                        resolution.add_single_import(import);
+                        resolution.single_imports.insert(import);
                     }
                 });
             }
@@ -848,7 +847,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
             (used, Some(ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(module)), binding)
         })
         .unwrap_or((true, None, self.r.dummy_binding));
-        let import = self.r.arenas.alloc_import(Import {
+        let import = self.r.arenas.alloc_import(ImportData {
             kind: ImportKind::ExternCrate { source: orig_name, target: ident, id: item.id },
             root_id: item.id,
             parent_scope: self.parent_scope,
@@ -864,7 +863,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
         });
         self.r.potentially_unused_imports.push(import);
         let imported_binding = self.r.import(binding, import);
-        if ptr::eq(parent, self.r.graph_root) {
+        if parent == self.r.graph_root {
             if let Some(entry) = self.r.extern_prelude.get(&ident.normalize_to_macros_2_0()) {
                 if expansion != LocalExpnId::ROOT
                     && orig_name.is_some()
@@ -996,7 +995,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
     fn add_macro_use_binding(
         &mut self,
         name: Symbol,
-        binding: &'a NameBinding<'a>,
+        binding: NameBinding<'a>,
         span: Span,
         allow_shadowing: bool,
     ) {
@@ -1058,7 +1057,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
         }
 
         let macro_use_import = |this: &Self, span| {
-            this.r.arenas.alloc_import(Import {
+            this.r.arenas.alloc_import(ImportData {
                 kind: ImportKind::MacroUse,
                 root_id: item.id,
                 parent_scope: this.parent_scope,
@@ -1228,7 +1227,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
             self.r.set_binding_parent_module(binding, parent_scope.module);
             self.r.all_macro_rules.insert(ident.name, res);
             if is_macro_export {
-                let import = self.r.arenas.alloc_import(Import {
+                let import = self.r.arenas.alloc_import(ImportData {
                     kind: ImportKind::MacroExport,
                     root_id: item.id,
                     parent_scope: self.parent_scope,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs
index d9e4974626d78..d3dcdfa427542 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-use std::ptr;
-
 use rustc_ast::expand::StrippedCfgItem;
 use rustc_ast::ptr::P;
 use rustc_ast::visit::{self, Visitor};
@@ -182,13 +180,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn report_conflict<'b>(
+    pub(crate) fn report_conflict(
         &mut self,
         parent: Module<'_>,
         ident: Ident,
         ns: Namespace,
-        new_binding: &NameBinding<'b>,
-        old_binding: &NameBinding<'b>,
+        new_binding: NameBinding<'a>,
+        old_binding: NameBinding<'a>,
     ) {
         // Error on the second of two conflicting names
         if old_binding.span.lo() > new_binding.span.lo() {
@@ -262,7 +260,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         // See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/32354
         use NameBindingKind::Import;
-        let can_suggest = |binding: &NameBinding<'_>, import: &self::Import<'_>| {
+        let can_suggest = |binding: NameBinding<'_>, import: self::Import<'_>| {
             !binding.span.is_dummy()
                 && !matches!(import.kind, ImportKind::MacroUse | ImportKind::MacroExport)
         };
@@ -272,22 +270,22 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             (Import { import: new, .. }, Import { import: old, .. })
                 if {
                     (new.has_attributes || old.has_attributes)
-                        && can_suggest(old_binding, old)
-                        && can_suggest(new_binding, new)
+                        && can_suggest(old_binding, *old)
+                        && can_suggest(new_binding, *new)
                 } =>
             {
                 if old.has_attributes {
-                    Some((new, new_binding.span, true))
+                    Some((*new, new_binding.span, true))
                 } else {
-                    Some((old, old_binding.span, true))
+                    Some((*old, old_binding.span, true))
                 }
             }
             // Otherwise prioritize the new binding.
-            (Import { import, .. }, other) if can_suggest(new_binding, import) => {
-                Some((import, new_binding.span, other.is_import()))
+            (Import { import, .. }, other) if can_suggest(new_binding, *import) => {
+                Some((*import, new_binding.span, other.is_import()))
             }
-            (other, Import { import, .. }) if can_suggest(old_binding, import) => {
-                Some((import, old_binding.span, other.is_import()))
+            (other, Import { import, .. }) if can_suggest(old_binding, *import) => {
+                Some((*import, old_binding.span, other.is_import()))
             }
             _ => None,
         };
@@ -341,7 +339,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         err: &mut Diagnostic,
         name: Symbol,
-        import: &Import<'_>,
+        import: Import<'_>,
         binding_span: Span,
     ) {
         let suggested_name = if name.as_str().chars().next().unwrap().is_uppercase() {
@@ -413,7 +411,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn add_suggestion_for_duplicate_nested_use(
         &self,
         err: &mut Diagnostic,
-        import: &Import<'_>,
+        import: Import<'_>,
         binding_span: Span,
     ) {
         assert!(import.is_nested());
@@ -455,7 +453,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         &mut self,
         finalize: Option<Finalize>,
         path: &[Segment],
-        second_binding: Option<&NameBinding<'_>>,
+        second_binding: Option<NameBinding<'_>>,
     ) {
         let Some(Finalize { node_id, root_span, .. }) = finalize else {
             return;
@@ -1198,7 +1196,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                 // avoid suggesting anything with a hygienic name
                 if ident.name == lookup_ident.name
                     && ns == namespace
-                    && !ptr::eq(in_module, parent_scope.module)
+                    && in_module != parent_scope.module
                     && !ident.span.normalize_to_macros_2_0().from_expansion()
                 {
                     let res = name_binding.res();
@@ -1515,7 +1513,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         true
     }
 
-    fn binding_description(&self, b: &NameBinding<'_>, ident: Ident, from_prelude: bool) -> String {
+    fn binding_description(&self, b: NameBinding<'_>, ident: Ident, from_prelude: bool) -> String {
         let res = b.res();
         if b.span.is_dummy() || !self.tcx.sess.source_map().is_span_accessible(b.span) {
             // These already contain the "built-in" prefix or look bad with it.
@@ -1555,7 +1553,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         err.span_label(ident.span, "ambiguous name");
         err.note(format!("ambiguous because of {}", kind.descr()));
 
-        let mut could_refer_to = |b: &NameBinding<'_>, misc: AmbiguityErrorMisc, also: &str| {
+        let mut could_refer_to = |b: NameBinding<'_>, misc: AmbiguityErrorMisc, also: &str| {
             let what = self.binding_description(b, ident, misc == AmbiguityErrorMisc::FromPrelude);
             let note_msg = format!("`{ident}` could{also} refer to {what}");
 
@@ -1595,7 +1593,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     /// If the binding refers to a tuple struct constructor with fields,
     /// returns the span of its fields.
-    fn ctor_fields_span(&self, binding: &NameBinding<'_>) -> Option<Span> {
+    fn ctor_fields_span(&self, binding: NameBinding<'_>) -> Option<Span> {
         if let NameBindingKind::Res(Res::Def(
             DefKind::Ctor(CtorOf::Struct, CtorKind::Fn),
             ctor_def_id,
@@ -1622,7 +1620,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             if ctor_fields_span.is_some() { plain_descr + " constructor" } else { plain_descr };
         let import_descr = nonimport_descr.clone() + " import";
         let get_descr =
-            |b: &NameBinding<'_>| if b.is_import() { &import_descr } else { &nonimport_descr };
+            |b: NameBinding<'_>| if b.is_import() { &import_descr } else { &nonimport_descr };
 
         // Print the primary message.
         let descr = get_descr(binding);
@@ -1702,7 +1700,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                 _ => None,
             };
 
-            let first = ptr::eq(binding, first_binding);
+            let first = binding == first_binding;
             let msg = format!(
                 "{and_refers_to}the {item} `{name}`{which} is defined here{dots}",
                 and_refers_to = if first { "" } else { "...and refers to " },
@@ -1732,7 +1730,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
     pub(crate) fn find_similarly_named_module_or_crate(
         &mut self,
         ident: Symbol,
-        current_module: &Module<'a>,
+        current_module: Module<'a>,
     ) -> Option<Symbol> {
         let mut candidates = self
             .extern_prelude
@@ -1742,7 +1740,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                 self.module_map
                     .iter()
                     .filter(|(_, module)| {
-                        current_module.is_ancestor_of(module) && !ptr::eq(current_module, *module)
+                        current_module.is_ancestor_of(**module) && current_module != **module
                     })
                     .flat_map(|(_, module)| module.kind.name()),
             )
@@ -1762,7 +1760,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         opt_ns: Option<Namespace>, // `None` indicates a module path in import
         parent_scope: &ParentScope<'a>,
         ribs: Option<&PerNS<Vec<Rib<'a>>>>,
-        ignore_binding: Option<&'a NameBinding<'a>>,
+        ignore_binding: Option<NameBinding<'a>>,
         module: Option<ModuleOrUniformRoot<'a>>,
         failed_segment_idx: usize,
         ident: Ident,
@@ -1945,7 +1943,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
 
             suggestion = suggestion.or_else(|| {
-                self.find_similarly_named_module_or_crate(ident.name, &parent_scope.module).map(
+                self.find_similarly_named_module_or_crate(ident.name, parent_scope.module).map(
                     |sugg| {
                         (
                             vec![(ident.span, sugg.to_string())],
@@ -2114,7 +2112,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// ```
     pub(crate) fn check_for_module_export_macro(
         &mut self,
-        import: &'a Import<'a>,
+        import: Import<'a>,
         module: ModuleOrUniformRoot<'a>,
         ident: Ident,
     ) -> Option<(Option<Suggestion>, Option<String>)> {
@@ -2126,9 +2124,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             crate_module = parent;
         }
 
-        if ModuleOrUniformRoot::same_def(ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(crate_module), module) {
-            // Don't make a suggestion if the import was already from the root of the
-            // crate.
+        if module == ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(crate_module) {
+            // Don't make a suggestion if the import was already from the root of the crate.
             return None;
         }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/effective_visibilities.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/effective_visibilities.rs
index 4863c9f479015..eb210532f51df 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/effective_visibilities.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/effective_visibilities.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use rustc_ast::visit::Visitor;
 use rustc_ast::Crate;
 use rustc_ast::EnumDef;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
-use rustc_data_structures::intern::Interned;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::CRATE_DEF_ID;
 use rustc_middle::middle::privacy::Level;
@@ -13,12 +12,10 @@ use rustc_middle::middle::privacy::{EffectiveVisibilities, EffectiveVisibility};
 use rustc_middle::ty::Visibility;
 use std::mem;
 
-type ImportId<'a> = Interned<'a, NameBinding<'a>>;
-
 #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
 enum ParentId<'a> {
     Def(LocalDefId),
-    Import(ImportId<'a>),
+    Import(NameBinding<'a>),
 }
 
 impl ParentId<'_> {
@@ -36,7 +33,7 @@ pub(crate) struct EffectiveVisibilitiesVisitor<'r, 'a, 'tcx> {
     /// While walking import chains we need to track effective visibilities per-binding, and def id
     /// keys in `Resolver::effective_visibilities` are not enough for that, because multiple
     /// bindings can correspond to a single def id in imports. So we keep a separate table.
-    import_effective_visibilities: EffectiveVisibilities<ImportId<'a>>,
+    import_effective_visibilities: EffectiveVisibilities<NameBinding<'a>>,
     // It's possible to recalculate this at any point, but it's relatively expensive.
     current_private_vis: Visibility,
     changed: bool,
@@ -47,7 +44,7 @@ impl Resolver<'_, '_> {
         self.get_nearest_non_block_module(def_id.to_def_id()).nearest_parent_mod().expect_local()
     }
 
-    fn private_vis_import(&mut self, binding: ImportId<'_>) -> Visibility {
+    fn private_vis_import(&mut self, binding: NameBinding<'_>) -> Visibility {
         let NameBindingKind::Import { import, .. } = binding.kind else { unreachable!() };
         Visibility::Restricted(
             import
@@ -75,7 +72,7 @@ impl<'r, 'a, 'tcx> EffectiveVisibilitiesVisitor<'r, 'a, 'tcx> {
     pub(crate) fn compute_effective_visibilities<'c>(
         r: &'r mut Resolver<'a, 'tcx>,
         krate: &'c Crate,
-    ) -> FxHashSet<Interned<'a, NameBinding<'a>>> {
+    ) -> FxHashSet<NameBinding<'a>> {
         let mut visitor = EffectiveVisibilitiesVisitor {
             r,
             def_effective_visibilities: Default::default(),
@@ -133,8 +130,7 @@ impl<'r, 'a, 'tcx> EffectiveVisibilitiesVisitor<'r, 'a, 'tcx> {
                 // lint. For all bindings added to the table this way `is_ambiguity` returns true.
                 let mut parent_id = ParentId::Def(module_id);
                 while let NameBindingKind::Import { binding: nested_binding, .. } = binding.kind {
-                    let binding_id = ImportId::new_unchecked(binding);
-                    self.update_import(binding_id, parent_id);
+                    self.update_import(binding, parent_id);
 
                     if binding.ambiguity.is_some() {
                         // Stop at the root ambiguity, further bindings in the chain should not
@@ -143,7 +139,7 @@ impl<'r, 'a, 'tcx> EffectiveVisibilitiesVisitor<'r, 'a, 'tcx> {
                         break;
                     }
 
-                    parent_id = ParentId::Import(binding_id);
+                    parent_id = ParentId::Import(binding);
                     binding = nested_binding;
                 }
 
@@ -192,7 +188,7 @@ impl<'r, 'a, 'tcx> EffectiveVisibilitiesVisitor<'r, 'a, 'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn update_import(&mut self, binding: ImportId<'a>, parent_id: ParentId<'a>) {
+    fn update_import(&mut self, binding: NameBinding<'a>, parent_id: ParentId<'a>) {
         let nominal_vis = binding.vis.expect_local();
         let Some(cheap_private_vis) = self.may_update(nominal_vis, parent_id) else { return };
         let inherited_eff_vis = self.effective_vis_or_private(parent_id);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs
index 36f01676e7e09..520fab1f0c837 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ use rustc_span::hygiene::{ExpnId, ExpnKind, LocalExpnId, MacroKind, SyntaxContex
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, Ident};
 use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 
-use std::ptr;
-
 use crate::errors::{ParamKindInEnumDiscriminant, ParamKindInNonTrivialAnonConst};
 use crate::late::{
     ConstantHasGenerics, HasGenericParams, NoConstantGenericsReason, PathSource, Rib, RibKind,
@@ -20,7 +18,7 @@ use crate::late::{
 use crate::macros::{sub_namespace_match, MacroRulesScope};
 use crate::BindingKey;
 use crate::{errors, AmbiguityError, AmbiguityErrorMisc, AmbiguityKind, Determinacy, Finalize};
-use crate::{Import, ImportKind, LexicalScopeBinding, Module, ModuleKind, ModuleOrUniformRoot};
+use crate::{ImportKind, LexicalScopeBinding, Module, ModuleKind, ModuleOrUniformRoot};
 use crate::{NameBinding, NameBindingKind, ParentScope, PathResult, PrivacyError, Res};
 use crate::{ResolutionError, Resolver, Scope, ScopeSet, Segment, ToNameBinding, Weak};
 
@@ -284,7 +282,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         parent_scope: &ParentScope<'a>,
         finalize: Option<Finalize>,
         ribs: &[Rib<'a>],
-        ignore_binding: Option<&'a NameBinding<'a>>,
+        ignore_binding: Option<NameBinding<'a>>,
     ) -> Option<LexicalScopeBinding<'a>> {
         assert!(ns == TypeNS || ns == ValueNS);
         let orig_ident = ident;
@@ -378,8 +376,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         parent_scope: &ParentScope<'a>,
         finalize: Option<Finalize>,
         force: bool,
-        ignore_binding: Option<&'a NameBinding<'a>>,
-    ) -> Result<&'a NameBinding<'a>, Determinacy> {
+        ignore_binding: Option<NameBinding<'a>>,
+    ) -> Result<NameBinding<'a>, Determinacy> {
         bitflags::bitflags! {
             struct Flags: u8 {
                 const MACRO_RULES          = 1 << 0;
@@ -415,7 +413,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         // }
         // So we have to save the innermost solution and continue searching in outer scopes
         // to detect potential ambiguities.
-        let mut innermost_result: Option<(&NameBinding<'_>, Flags)> = None;
+        let mut innermost_result: Option<(NameBinding<'_>, Flags)> = None;
         let mut determinacy = Determinacy::Determined;
 
         // Go through all the scopes and try to resolve the name.
@@ -538,7 +536,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                                         ),
                                     );
                                 }
-                                let misc_flags = if ptr::eq(module, this.graph_root) {
+                                let misc_flags = if module == this.graph_root {
                                     Flags::MISC_SUGGEST_CRATE
                                 } else if module.is_normal() {
                                     Flags::MISC_SUGGEST_SELF
@@ -717,7 +715,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         ident: Ident,
         ns: Namespace,
         parent_scope: &ParentScope<'a>,
-    ) -> Result<&'a NameBinding<'a>, Determinacy> {
+    ) -> Result<NameBinding<'a>, Determinacy> {
         self.resolve_ident_in_module_ext(module, ident, ns, parent_scope, None, None)
             .map_err(|(determinacy, _)| determinacy)
     }
@@ -730,8 +728,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         ns: Namespace,
         parent_scope: &ParentScope<'a>,
         finalize: Option<Finalize>,
-        ignore_binding: Option<&'a NameBinding<'a>>,
-    ) -> Result<&'a NameBinding<'a>, Determinacy> {
+        ignore_binding: Option<NameBinding<'a>>,
+    ) -> Result<NameBinding<'a>, Determinacy> {
         self.resolve_ident_in_module_ext(module, ident, ns, parent_scope, finalize, ignore_binding)
             .map_err(|(determinacy, _)| determinacy)
     }
@@ -744,8 +742,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         ns: Namespace,
         parent_scope: &ParentScope<'a>,
         finalize: Option<Finalize>,
-        ignore_binding: Option<&'a NameBinding<'a>>,
-    ) -> Result<&'a NameBinding<'a>, (Determinacy, Weak)> {
+        ignore_binding: Option<NameBinding<'a>>,
+    ) -> Result<NameBinding<'a>, (Determinacy, Weak)> {
         let tmp_parent_scope;
         let mut adjusted_parent_scope = parent_scope;
         match module {
@@ -782,8 +780,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         ns: Namespace,
         parent_scope: &ParentScope<'a>,
         finalize: Option<Finalize>,
-        ignore_binding: Option<&'a NameBinding<'a>>,
-    ) -> Result<&'a NameBinding<'a>, Determinacy> {
+        ignore_binding: Option<NameBinding<'a>>,
+    ) -> Result<NameBinding<'a>, Determinacy> {
         self.resolve_ident_in_module_unadjusted_ext(
             module,
             ident,
@@ -809,8 +807,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         finalize: Option<Finalize>,
         // This binding should be ignored during in-module resolution, so that we don't get
         // "self-confirming" import resolutions during import validation and checking.
-        ignore_binding: Option<&'a NameBinding<'a>>,
-    ) -> Result<&'a NameBinding<'a>, (Determinacy, Weak)> {
+        ignore_binding: Option<NameBinding<'a>>,
+    ) -> Result<NameBinding<'a>, (Determinacy, Weak)> {
         let module = match module {
             ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(module) => module,
             ModuleOrUniformRoot::CrateRootAndExternPrelude => {
@@ -873,13 +871,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         // binding if it exists. What we really want here is having two separate scopes in
         // a module - one for non-globs and one for globs, but until that's done use this
         // hack to avoid inconsistent resolution ICEs during import validation.
-        let binding =
-            [resolution.binding, resolution.shadowed_glob].into_iter().find_map(|binding| {
-                match (binding, ignore_binding) {
-                    (Some(binding), Some(ignored)) if ptr::eq(binding, ignored) => None,
-                    _ => binding,
-                }
-            });
+        let binding = [resolution.binding, resolution.shadowed_glob]
+            .into_iter()
+            .find_map(|binding| if binding == ignore_binding { None } else { binding });
 
         if let Some(Finalize { path_span, report_private, .. }) = finalize {
             let Some(binding) = binding else {
@@ -917,11 +911,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
 
             if !restricted_shadowing && binding.expansion != LocalExpnId::ROOT {
-                if let NameBindingKind::Import {
-                    import: Import { kind: ImportKind::MacroExport, .. },
-                    ..
-                } = binding.kind
-                {
+                if let NameBindingKind::Import { import, .. } = binding.kind
+                    && matches!(import.kind, ImportKind::MacroExport) {
                     self.macro_expanded_macro_export_errors.insert((path_span, binding.span));
                 }
             }
@@ -930,7 +921,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             return Ok(binding);
         }
 
-        let check_usable = |this: &mut Self, binding: &'a NameBinding<'a>| {
+        let check_usable = |this: &mut Self, binding: NameBinding<'a>| {
             let usable = this.is_accessible_from(binding.vis, parent_scope.module);
             if usable { Ok(binding) } else { Err((Determined, Weak::No)) }
         };
@@ -955,7 +946,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
             if let Some(ignored) = ignore_binding &&
                 let NameBindingKind::Import { import, .. } = ignored.kind &&
-                ptr::eq(import, &**single_import) {
+                import == *single_import {
                 // Ignore not just the binding itself, but if it has a shadowed_glob,
                 // ignore that, too, because this loop is supposed to only process
                 // named imports.
@@ -1352,7 +1343,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         opt_ns: Option<Namespace>, // `None` indicates a module path in import
         parent_scope: &ParentScope<'a>,
         finalize: Option<Finalize>,
-        ignore_binding: Option<&'a NameBinding<'a>>,
+        ignore_binding: Option<NameBinding<'a>>,
     ) -> PathResult<'a> {
         self.resolve_path_with_ribs(path, opt_ns, parent_scope, finalize, None, ignore_binding)
     }
@@ -1364,7 +1355,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         parent_scope: &ParentScope<'a>,
         finalize: Option<Finalize>,
         ribs: Option<&PerNS<Vec<Rib<'a>>>>,
-        ignore_binding: Option<&'a NameBinding<'a>>,
+        ignore_binding: Option<NameBinding<'a>>,
     ) -> PathResult<'a> {
         let mut module = None;
         let mut allow_super = true;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs
index 074f761c53baa..d37fe783bbac2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use crate::{fluent_generated as fluent, Namespace::*};
 use crate::{module_to_string, names_to_string, ImportSuggestion};
 use crate::{AmbiguityKind, BindingKey, ModuleKind, ResolutionError, Resolver, Segment};
 use crate::{Finalize, Module, ModuleOrUniformRoot, ParentScope, PerNS, ScopeSet};
-use crate::{NameBinding, NameBindingKind, PathResult};
+use crate::{NameBinding, NameBindingData, NameBindingKind, PathResult};
 
 use rustc_ast::NodeId;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ use rustc_span::Span;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
 use std::cell::Cell;
-use std::{mem, ptr};
+use std::mem;
 
 type Res = def::Res<NodeId>;
 
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ pub(crate) enum ImportKind<'a> {
         /// `target` in `use prefix::source as target`.
         target: Ident,
         /// Bindings to which `source` refers to.
-        source_bindings: PerNS<Cell<Result<&'a NameBinding<'a>, Determinacy>>>,
+        source_bindings: PerNS<Cell<Result<NameBinding<'a>, Determinacy>>>,
         /// Bindings introduced by `target`.
-        target_bindings: PerNS<Cell<Option<&'a NameBinding<'a>>>>,
+        target_bindings: PerNS<Cell<Option<NameBinding<'a>>>>,
         /// `true` for `...::{self [as target]}` imports, `false` otherwise.
         type_ns_only: bool,
         /// Did this import result from a nested import? ie. `use foo::{bar, baz};`
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ impl<'a> std::fmt::Debug for ImportKind<'a> {
 
 /// One import.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub(crate) struct Import<'a> {
+pub(crate) struct ImportData<'a> {
     pub kind: ImportKind<'a>,
 
     /// Node ID of the "root" use item -- this is always the same as `ImportKind`'s `id`
@@ -172,7 +172,11 @@ pub(crate) struct Import<'a> {
     pub used: Cell<bool>,
 }
 
-impl<'a> Import<'a> {
+/// All imports are unique and allocated on a same arena,
+/// so we can use referential equality to compare them.
+pub(crate) type Import<'a> = Interned<'a, ImportData<'a>>;
+
+impl<'a> ImportData<'a> {
     pub(crate) fn is_glob(&self) -> bool {
         matches!(self.kind, ImportKind::Glob { .. })
     }
@@ -214,15 +218,15 @@ impl<'a> Import<'a> {
 pub(crate) struct NameResolution<'a> {
     /// Single imports that may define the name in the namespace.
     /// Imports are arena-allocated, so it's ok to use pointers as keys.
-    pub single_imports: FxHashSet<Interned<'a, Import<'a>>>,
+    pub single_imports: FxHashSet<Import<'a>>,
     /// The least shadowable known binding for this name, or None if there are no known bindings.
-    pub binding: Option<&'a NameBinding<'a>>,
-    pub shadowed_glob: Option<&'a NameBinding<'a>>,
+    pub binding: Option<NameBinding<'a>>,
+    pub shadowed_glob: Option<NameBinding<'a>>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> NameResolution<'a> {
     /// Returns the binding for the name if it is known or None if it not known.
-    pub(crate) fn binding(&self) -> Option<&'a NameBinding<'a>> {
+    pub(crate) fn binding(&self) -> Option<NameBinding<'a>> {
         self.binding.and_then(|binding| {
             if !binding.is_glob_import() || self.single_imports.is_empty() {
                 Some(binding)
@@ -231,10 +235,6 @@ impl<'a> NameResolution<'a> {
             }
         })
     }
-
-    pub(crate) fn add_single_import(&mut self, import: &'a Import<'a>) {
-        self.single_imports.insert(Interned::new_unchecked(import));
-    }
 }
 
 /// An error that may be transformed into a diagnostic later. Used to combine multiple unresolved
@@ -250,15 +250,12 @@ struct UnresolvedImportError {
 
 // Reexports of the form `pub use foo as bar;` where `foo` is `extern crate foo;`
 // are permitted for backward-compatibility under a deprecation lint.
-fn pub_use_of_private_extern_crate_hack(import: &Import<'_>, binding: &NameBinding<'_>) -> bool {
+fn pub_use_of_private_extern_crate_hack(import: Import<'_>, binding: NameBinding<'_>) -> bool {
     match (&import.kind, &binding.kind) {
-        (
-            ImportKind::Single { .. },
-            NameBindingKind::Import {
-                import: Import { kind: ImportKind::ExternCrate { .. }, .. },
-                ..
-            },
-        ) => import.expect_vis().is_public(),
+        (ImportKind::Single { .. }, NameBindingKind::Import { import: binding_import, .. }) => {
+            matches!(binding_import.kind, ImportKind::ExternCrate { .. })
+                && import.expect_vis().is_public()
+        }
         _ => false,
     }
 }
@@ -266,11 +263,7 @@ fn pub_use_of_private_extern_crate_hack(import: &Import<'_>, binding: &NameBindi
 impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// Given a binding and an import that resolves to it,
     /// return the corresponding binding defined by the import.
-    pub(crate) fn import(
-        &self,
-        binding: &'a NameBinding<'a>,
-        import: &'a Import<'a>,
-    ) -> &'a NameBinding<'a> {
+    pub(crate) fn import(&self, binding: NameBinding<'a>, import: Import<'a>) -> NameBinding<'a> {
         let import_vis = import.expect_vis().to_def_id();
         let vis = if binding.vis.is_at_least(import_vis, self.tcx)
             || pub_use_of_private_extern_crate_hack(import, binding)
@@ -288,7 +281,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
         }
 
-        self.arenas.alloc_name_binding(NameBinding {
+        self.arenas.alloc_name_binding(NameBindingData {
             kind: NameBindingKind::Import { binding, import, used: Cell::new(false) },
             ambiguity: None,
             span: import.span,
@@ -302,8 +295,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         &mut self,
         module: Module<'a>,
         key: BindingKey,
-        binding: &'a NameBinding<'a>,
-    ) -> Result<(), &'a NameBinding<'a>> {
+        binding: NameBinding<'a>,
+    ) -> Result<(), NameBinding<'a>> {
         let res = binding.res();
         self.check_reserved_macro_name(key.ident, res);
         self.set_binding_parent_module(binding, module);
@@ -372,12 +365,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn ambiguity(
         &self,
         kind: AmbiguityKind,
-        primary_binding: &'a NameBinding<'a>,
-        secondary_binding: &'a NameBinding<'a>,
-    ) -> &'a NameBinding<'a> {
-        self.arenas.alloc_name_binding(NameBinding {
+        primary_binding: NameBinding<'a>,
+        secondary_binding: NameBinding<'a>,
+    ) -> NameBinding<'a> {
+        self.arenas.alloc_name_binding(NameBindingData {
             ambiguity: Some((secondary_binding, kind)),
-            ..primary_binding.clone()
+            ..(*primary_binding).clone()
         })
     }
 
@@ -395,13 +388,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
 
             let t = f(self, resolution);
 
-            match resolution.binding() {
-                _ if old_binding.is_some() => return t,
-                None => return t,
-                Some(binding) => match old_binding {
-                    Some(old_binding) if ptr::eq(old_binding, binding) => return t,
-                    _ => (binding, t),
-                },
+            if old_binding.is_none() && let Some(binding) = resolution.binding() {
+                (binding, t)
+            } else {
+                return t;
             }
         };
 
@@ -414,7 +404,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                 None => continue,
             };
             if self.is_accessible_from(binding.vis, scope) {
-                let imported_binding = self.import(binding, import);
+                let imported_binding = self.import(binding, *import);
                 let key = BindingKey { ident, ..key };
                 let _ = self.try_define(import.parent_scope.module, key, imported_binding);
             }
@@ -425,7 +415,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     // Define a dummy resolution containing a `Res::Err` as a placeholder for a failed
     // or indeterminate resolution, also mark such failed imports as used to avoid duplicate diagnostics.
-    fn import_dummy_binding(&mut self, import: &'a Import<'a>, is_indeterminate: bool) {
+    fn import_dummy_binding(&mut self, import: Import<'a>, is_indeterminate: bool) {
         if let ImportKind::Single { target, ref target_bindings, .. } = import.kind {
             if !(is_indeterminate || target_bindings.iter().all(|binding| binding.get().is_none()))
             {
@@ -463,7 +453,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             prev_indeterminate_count = indeterminate_count;
             indeterminate_count = 0;
             for import in mem::take(&mut self.indeterminate_imports) {
-                let import_indeterminate_count = self.resolve_import(&import);
+                let import_indeterminate_count = self.resolve_import(import);
                 indeterminate_count += import_indeterminate_count;
                 match import_indeterminate_count {
                     0 => self.determined_imports.push(import),
@@ -475,7 +465,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     pub(crate) fn finalize_imports(&mut self) {
         for module in self.arenas.local_modules().iter() {
-            self.finalize_resolutions_in(module);
+            self.finalize_resolutions_in(*module);
         }
 
         let mut seen_spans = FxHashSet::default();
@@ -546,17 +536,17 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     pub(crate) fn check_hidden_glob_reexports(
         &mut self,
-        exported_ambiguities: FxHashSet<Interned<'a, NameBinding<'a>>>,
+        exported_ambiguities: FxHashSet<NameBinding<'a>>,
     ) {
         for module in self.arenas.local_modules().iter() {
-            for (key, resolution) in self.resolutions(module).borrow().iter() {
+            for (key, resolution) in self.resolutions(*module).borrow().iter() {
                 let resolution = resolution.borrow();
 
                 if let Some(binding) = resolution.binding {
                     if let NameBindingKind::Import { import, .. } = binding.kind
                         && let Some((amb_binding, _)) = binding.ambiguity
                         && binding.res() != Res::Err
-                        && exported_ambiguities.contains(&Interned::new_unchecked(binding))
+                        && exported_ambiguities.contains(&binding)
                     {
                         self.lint_buffer.buffer_lint_with_diagnostic(
                             AMBIGUOUS_GLOB_REEXPORTS,
@@ -612,7 +602,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn throw_unresolved_import_error(&mut self, errors: Vec<(&Import<'_>, UnresolvedImportError)>) {
+    fn throw_unresolved_import_error(&mut self, errors: Vec<(Import<'_>, UnresolvedImportError)>) {
         if errors.is_empty() {
             return;
         }
@@ -704,7 +694,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
     ///
     /// Meanwhile, if resolve successful, the resolved bindings are written
     /// into the module.
-    fn resolve_import(&mut self, import: &'a Import<'a>) -> usize {
+    fn resolve_import(&mut self, import: Import<'a>) -> usize {
         debug!(
             "(resolving import for module) resolving import `{}::...` in `{}`",
             Segment::names_to_string(&import.module_path),
@@ -784,7 +774,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                         }
                         let key = BindingKey::new(target, ns);
                         this.update_resolution(parent, key, |_, resolution| {
-                            resolution.single_imports.remove(&Interned::new_unchecked(import));
+                            resolution.single_imports.remove(&import);
                         });
                     }
                 }
@@ -798,7 +788,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
     ///
     /// Optionally returns an unresolved import error. This error is buffered and used to
     /// consolidate multiple unresolved import errors into a single diagnostic.
-    fn finalize_import(&mut self, import: &'a Import<'a>) -> Option<UnresolvedImportError> {
+    fn finalize_import(&mut self, import: Import<'a>) -> Option<UnresolvedImportError> {
         let orig_vis = import.vis.take();
         let ignore_binding = match &import.kind {
             ImportKind::Single { target_bindings, .. } => target_bindings[TypeNS].get(),
@@ -824,7 +814,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             PathResult::Module(module) => {
                 // Consistency checks, analogous to `finalize_macro_resolutions`.
                 if let Some(initial_module) = import.imported_module.get() {
-                    if !ModuleOrUniformRoot::same_def(module, initial_module) && no_ambiguity {
+                    if module != initial_module && no_ambiguity {
                         span_bug!(import.span, "inconsistent resolution for an import");
                     }
                 } else if self.privacy_errors.is_empty() {
@@ -926,7 +916,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                     }
 
                     if let ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(module) = module {
-                        if ptr::eq(module, import.parent_scope.module) {
+                        if module == import.parent_scope.module {
                             // Importing a module into itself is not allowed.
                             return Some(UnresolvedImportError {
                                 span: import.span,
@@ -1242,9 +1232,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn check_for_redundant_imports(
         &mut self,
         ident: Ident,
-        import: &'a Import<'a>,
-        source_bindings: &PerNS<Cell<Result<&'a NameBinding<'a>, Determinacy>>>,
-        target_bindings: &PerNS<Cell<Option<&'a NameBinding<'a>>>>,
+        import: Import<'a>,
+        source_bindings: &PerNS<Cell<Result<NameBinding<'a>, Determinacy>>>,
+        target_bindings: &PerNS<Cell<Option<NameBinding<'a>>>>,
         target: Ident,
     ) {
         // This function is only called for single imports.
@@ -1305,7 +1295,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn resolve_glob_import(&mut self, import: &'a Import<'a>) {
+    fn resolve_glob_import(&mut self, import: Import<'a>) {
         // This function is only called for glob imports.
         let ImportKind::Glob { id, is_prelude, .. } = import.kind else { unreachable!() };
 
@@ -1319,7 +1309,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         if module.is_trait() {
             self.tcx.sess.create_err(ItemsInTraitsAreNotImportable { span: import.span }).emit();
             return;
-        } else if ptr::eq(module, import.parent_scope.module) {
+        } else if module == import.parent_scope.module {
             return;
         } else if is_prelude {
             self.prelude = Some(module);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs
index bca95ce54ad33..90cb312edd203 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs
@@ -1284,7 +1284,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> {
         ident: Ident,
         ns: Namespace,
         finalize: Option<Finalize>,
-        ignore_binding: Option<&'a NameBinding<'a>>,
+        ignore_binding: Option<NameBinding<'a>>,
     ) -> Option<LexicalScopeBinding<'a>> {
         self.r.resolve_ident_in_lexical_scope(
             ident,
@@ -2972,7 +2972,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> {
         F: FnOnce(Ident, String, Option<Symbol>) -> ResolutionError<'a>,
     {
         // If there is a TraitRef in scope for an impl, then the method must be in the trait.
-        let Some((module, _)) = &self.current_trait_ref else { return; };
+        let Some((module, _)) = self.current_trait_ref else { return; };
         ident.span.normalize_to_macros_2_0_and_adjust(module.expansion);
         let key = BindingKey::new(ident, ns);
         let mut binding = self.r.resolution(module, key).try_borrow().ok().and_then(|r| r.binding);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs
index 9fec7cc3defb3..c0e3f1aaf01f0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs
@@ -1593,7 +1593,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast, 'tcx> {
             return None;
         }
 
-        let resolutions = self.r.resolutions(module);
+        let resolutions = self.r.resolutions(*module);
         let targets = resolutions
             .borrow()
             .iter()
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs
index cc4cb9fa30cd9..da3d86a4718d7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #![feature(iter_intersperse)]
 #![feature(let_chains)]
 #![feature(never_type)]
+#![feature(rustc_attrs)]
 #![recursion_limit = "256"]
 #![allow(rustdoc::private_intra_doc_links)]
 #![allow(rustc::potential_query_instability)]
@@ -61,10 +62,10 @@ use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
 use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 use std::collections::BTreeSet;
-use std::{fmt, ptr};
+use std::fmt;
 
 use diagnostics::{ImportSuggestion, LabelSuggestion, Suggestion};
-use imports::{Import, ImportKind, NameResolution};
+use imports::{Import, ImportData, ImportKind, NameResolution};
 use late::{HasGenericParams, PathSource, PatternSource};
 use macros::{MacroRulesBinding, MacroRulesScope, MacroRulesScopeRef};
 
@@ -352,7 +353,7 @@ impl<'a> From<&'a ast::PathSegment> for Segment {
 /// forward.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 enum LexicalScopeBinding<'a> {
-    Item(&'a NameBinding<'a>),
+    Item(NameBinding<'a>),
     Res(Res),
 }
 
@@ -365,7 +366,7 @@ impl<'a> LexicalScopeBinding<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
 enum ModuleOrUniformRoot<'a> {
     /// Regular module.
     Module(Module<'a>),
@@ -383,23 +384,6 @@ enum ModuleOrUniformRoot<'a> {
     CurrentScope,
 }
 
-impl ModuleOrUniformRoot<'_> {
-    fn same_def(lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> bool {
-        match (lhs, rhs) {
-            (ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(lhs), ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(rhs)) => {
-                ptr::eq(lhs, rhs)
-            }
-            (
-                ModuleOrUniformRoot::CrateRootAndExternPrelude,
-                ModuleOrUniformRoot::CrateRootAndExternPrelude,
-            )
-            | (ModuleOrUniformRoot::ExternPrelude, ModuleOrUniformRoot::ExternPrelude)
-            | (ModuleOrUniformRoot::CurrentScope, ModuleOrUniformRoot::CurrentScope) => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug)]
 enum PathResult<'a> {
     Module(ModuleOrUniformRoot<'a>),
@@ -518,11 +502,11 @@ struct ModuleData<'a> {
     /// Whether `#[no_implicit_prelude]` is active.
     no_implicit_prelude: bool,
 
-    glob_importers: RefCell<Vec<&'a Import<'a>>>,
-    globs: RefCell<Vec<&'a Import<'a>>>,
+    glob_importers: RefCell<Vec<Import<'a>>>,
+    globs: RefCell<Vec<Import<'a>>>,
 
     /// Used to memoize the traits in this module for faster searches through all traits in scope.
-    traits: RefCell<Option<Box<[(Ident, &'a NameBinding<'a>)]>>>,
+    traits: RefCell<Option<Box<[(Ident, NameBinding<'a>)]>>>,
 
     /// Span of the module itself. Used for error reporting.
     span: Span,
@@ -530,7 +514,11 @@ struct ModuleData<'a> {
     expansion: ExpnId,
 }
 
-type Module<'a> = &'a ModuleData<'a>;
+/// All modules are unique and allocated on a same arena,
+/// so we can use referential equality to compare them.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+#[rustc_pass_by_value]
+struct Module<'a>(Interned<'a, ModuleData<'a>>);
 
 impl<'a> ModuleData<'a> {
     fn new(
@@ -558,11 +546,13 @@ impl<'a> ModuleData<'a> {
             expansion,
         }
     }
+}
 
-    fn for_each_child<'tcx, R, F>(&'a self, resolver: &mut R, mut f: F)
+impl<'a> Module<'a> {
+    fn for_each_child<'tcx, R, F>(self, resolver: &mut R, mut f: F)
     where
         R: AsMut<Resolver<'a, 'tcx>>,
-        F: FnMut(&mut R, Ident, Namespace, &'a NameBinding<'a>),
+        F: FnMut(&mut R, Ident, Namespace, NameBinding<'a>),
     {
         for (key, name_resolution) in resolver.as_mut().resolutions(self).borrow().iter() {
             if let Some(binding) = name_resolution.borrow().binding {
@@ -572,7 +562,7 @@ impl<'a> ModuleData<'a> {
     }
 
     /// This modifies `self` in place. The traits will be stored in `self.traits`.
-    fn ensure_traits<'tcx, R>(&'a self, resolver: &mut R)
+    fn ensure_traits<'tcx, R>(self, resolver: &mut R)
     where
         R: AsMut<Resolver<'a, 'tcx>>,
     {
@@ -591,7 +581,7 @@ impl<'a> ModuleData<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn res(&self) -> Option<Res> {
+    fn res(self) -> Option<Res> {
         match self.kind {
             ModuleKind::Def(kind, def_id, _) => Some(Res::Def(kind, def_id)),
             _ => None,
@@ -599,11 +589,11 @@ impl<'a> ModuleData<'a> {
     }
 
     // Public for rustdoc.
-    fn def_id(&self) -> DefId {
+    fn def_id(self) -> DefId {
         self.opt_def_id().expect("`ModuleData::def_id` is called on a block module")
     }
 
-    fn opt_def_id(&self) -> Option<DefId> {
+    fn opt_def_id(self) -> Option<DefId> {
         match self.kind {
             ModuleKind::Def(_, def_id, _) => Some(def_id),
             _ => None,
@@ -611,15 +601,15 @@ impl<'a> ModuleData<'a> {
     }
 
     // `self` resolves to the first module ancestor that `is_normal`.
-    fn is_normal(&self) -> bool {
+    fn is_normal(self) -> bool {
         matches!(self.kind, ModuleKind::Def(DefKind::Mod, _, _))
     }
 
-    fn is_trait(&self) -> bool {
+    fn is_trait(self) -> bool {
         matches!(self.kind, ModuleKind::Def(DefKind::Trait, _, _))
     }
 
-    fn nearest_item_scope(&'a self) -> Module<'a> {
+    fn nearest_item_scope(self) -> Module<'a> {
         match self.kind {
             ModuleKind::Def(DefKind::Enum | DefKind::Trait, ..) => {
                 self.parent.expect("enum or trait module without a parent")
@@ -630,15 +620,15 @@ impl<'a> ModuleData<'a> {
 
     /// The [`DefId`] of the nearest `mod` item ancestor (which may be this module).
     /// This may be the crate root.
-    fn nearest_parent_mod(&self) -> DefId {
+    fn nearest_parent_mod(self) -> DefId {
         match self.kind {
             ModuleKind::Def(DefKind::Mod, def_id, _) => def_id,
             _ => self.parent.expect("non-root module without parent").nearest_parent_mod(),
         }
     }
 
-    fn is_ancestor_of(&self, mut other: &Self) -> bool {
-        while !ptr::eq(self, other) {
+    fn is_ancestor_of(self, mut other: Self) -> bool {
+        while self != other {
             if let Some(parent) = other.parent {
                 other = parent;
             } else {
@@ -649,7 +639,15 @@ impl<'a> ModuleData<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> fmt::Debug for ModuleData<'a> {
+impl<'a> std::ops::Deref for Module<'a> {
+    type Target = ModuleData<'a>;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> fmt::Debug for Module<'a> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         write!(f, "{:?}", self.res())
     }
@@ -657,20 +655,24 @@ impl<'a> fmt::Debug for ModuleData<'a> {
 
 /// Records a possibly-private value, type, or module definition.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-struct NameBinding<'a> {
+struct NameBindingData<'a> {
     kind: NameBindingKind<'a>,
-    ambiguity: Option<(&'a NameBinding<'a>, AmbiguityKind)>,
+    ambiguity: Option<(NameBinding<'a>, AmbiguityKind)>,
     expansion: LocalExpnId,
     span: Span,
     vis: ty::Visibility<DefId>,
 }
 
+/// All name bindings are unique and allocated on a same arena,
+/// so we can use referential equality to compare them.
+type NameBinding<'a> = Interned<'a, NameBindingData<'a>>;
+
 trait ToNameBinding<'a> {
-    fn to_name_binding(self, arenas: &'a ResolverArenas<'a>) -> &'a NameBinding<'a>;
+    fn to_name_binding(self, arenas: &'a ResolverArenas<'a>) -> NameBinding<'a>;
 }
 
-impl<'a> ToNameBinding<'a> for &'a NameBinding<'a> {
-    fn to_name_binding(self, _: &'a ResolverArenas<'a>) -> &'a NameBinding<'a> {
+impl<'a> ToNameBinding<'a> for NameBinding<'a> {
+    fn to_name_binding(self, _: &'a ResolverArenas<'a>) -> NameBinding<'a> {
         self
     }
 }
@@ -679,7 +681,7 @@ impl<'a> ToNameBinding<'a> for &'a NameBinding<'a> {
 enum NameBindingKind<'a> {
     Res(Res),
     Module(Module<'a>),
-    Import { binding: &'a NameBinding<'a>, import: &'a Import<'a>, used: Cell<bool> },
+    Import { binding: NameBinding<'a>, import: Import<'a>, used: Cell<bool> },
 }
 
 impl<'a> NameBindingKind<'a> {
@@ -692,7 +694,7 @@ impl<'a> NameBindingKind<'a> {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct PrivacyError<'a> {
     ident: Ident,
-    binding: &'a NameBinding<'a>,
+    binding: NameBinding<'a>,
     dedup_span: Span,
     outermost_res: Option<(Res, Ident)>,
     parent_scope: ParentScope<'a>,
@@ -761,13 +763,13 @@ enum AmbiguityErrorMisc {
 struct AmbiguityError<'a> {
     kind: AmbiguityKind,
     ident: Ident,
-    b1: &'a NameBinding<'a>,
-    b2: &'a NameBinding<'a>,
+    b1: NameBinding<'a>,
+    b2: NameBinding<'a>,
     misc1: AmbiguityErrorMisc,
     misc2: AmbiguityErrorMisc,
 }
 
-impl<'a> NameBinding<'a> {
+impl<'a> NameBindingData<'a> {
     fn module(&self) -> Option<Module<'a>> {
         match self.kind {
             NameBindingKind::Module(module) => Some(module),
@@ -805,14 +807,12 @@ impl<'a> NameBinding<'a> {
 
     fn is_extern_crate(&self) -> bool {
         match self.kind {
-            NameBindingKind::Import {
-                import: &Import { kind: ImportKind::ExternCrate { .. }, .. },
-                ..
-            } => true,
-            NameBindingKind::Module(&ModuleData {
-                kind: ModuleKind::Def(DefKind::Mod, def_id, _),
-                ..
-            }) => def_id.is_crate_root(),
+            NameBindingKind::Import { import, .. } => {
+                matches!(import.kind, ImportKind::ExternCrate { .. })
+            }
+            NameBindingKind::Module(module)
+                if let ModuleKind::Def(DefKind::Mod, def_id, _) = module.kind
+                    => def_id.is_crate_root(),
             _ => false,
         }
     }
@@ -855,7 +855,7 @@ impl<'a> NameBinding<'a> {
     fn may_appear_after(
         &self,
         invoc_parent_expansion: LocalExpnId,
-        binding: &NameBinding<'_>,
+        binding: NameBinding<'_>,
     ) -> bool {
         // self > max(invoc, binding) => !(self <= invoc || self <= binding)
         // Expansions are partially ordered, so "may appear after" is an inversion of
@@ -872,7 +872,7 @@ impl<'a> NameBinding<'a> {
 
 #[derive(Default, Clone)]
 struct ExternPreludeEntry<'a> {
-    extern_crate_item: Option<&'a NameBinding<'a>>,
+    extern_crate_item: Option<NameBinding<'a>>,
     introduced_by_item: bool,
 }
 
@@ -917,10 +917,10 @@ pub struct Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
     field_visibility_spans: FxHashMap<DefId, Vec<Span>>,
 
     /// All imports known to succeed or fail.
-    determined_imports: Vec<&'a Import<'a>>,
+    determined_imports: Vec<Import<'a>>,
 
     /// All non-determined imports.
-    indeterminate_imports: Vec<&'a Import<'a>>,
+    indeterminate_imports: Vec<Import<'a>>,
 
     // Spans for local variables found during pattern resolution.
     // Used for suggestions during error reporting.
@@ -962,7 +962,7 @@ pub struct Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// language items.
     empty_module: Module<'a>,
     module_map: FxHashMap<DefId, Module<'a>>,
-    binding_parent_modules: FxHashMap<Interned<'a, NameBinding<'a>>, Module<'a>>,
+    binding_parent_modules: FxHashMap<NameBinding<'a>, Module<'a>>,
 
     underscore_disambiguator: u32,
 
@@ -984,7 +984,7 @@ pub struct Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
     macro_expanded_macro_export_errors: BTreeSet<(Span, Span)>,
 
     arenas: &'a ResolverArenas<'a>,
-    dummy_binding: &'a NameBinding<'a>,
+    dummy_binding: NameBinding<'a>,
 
     used_extern_options: FxHashSet<Symbol>,
     macro_names: FxHashSet<Ident>,
@@ -993,7 +993,7 @@ pub struct Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// the surface (`macro` items in libcore), but are actually attributes or derives.
     builtin_macro_kinds: FxHashMap<LocalDefId, MacroKind>,
     registered_tools: &'tcx RegisteredTools,
-    macro_use_prelude: FxHashMap<Symbol, &'a NameBinding<'a>>,
+    macro_use_prelude: FxHashMap<Symbol, NameBinding<'a>>,
     macro_map: FxHashMap<DefId, MacroData>,
     dummy_ext_bang: Lrc<SyntaxExtension>,
     dummy_ext_derive: Lrc<SyntaxExtension>,
@@ -1005,7 +1005,7 @@ pub struct Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
     proc_macro_stubs: FxHashSet<LocalDefId>,
     /// Traces collected during macro resolution and validated when it's complete.
     single_segment_macro_resolutions:
-        Vec<(Ident, MacroKind, ParentScope<'a>, Option<&'a NameBinding<'a>>)>,
+        Vec<(Ident, MacroKind, ParentScope<'a>, Option<NameBinding<'a>>)>,
     multi_segment_macro_resolutions:
         Vec<(Vec<Segment>, Span, MacroKind, ParentScope<'a>, Option<Res>)>,
     builtin_attrs: Vec<(Ident, ParentScope<'a>)>,
@@ -1030,7 +1030,7 @@ pub struct Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// Avoid duplicated errors for "name already defined".
     name_already_seen: FxHashMap<Symbol, Span>,
 
-    potentially_unused_imports: Vec<&'a Import<'a>>,
+    potentially_unused_imports: Vec<Import<'a>>,
 
     /// Table for mapping struct IDs into struct constructor IDs,
     /// it's not used during normal resolution, only for better error reporting.
@@ -1085,7 +1085,7 @@ pub struct Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
 pub struct ResolverArenas<'a> {
     modules: TypedArena<ModuleData<'a>>,
     local_modules: RefCell<Vec<Module<'a>>>,
-    imports: TypedArena<Import<'a>>,
+    imports: TypedArena<ImportData<'a>>,
     name_resolutions: TypedArena<RefCell<NameResolution<'a>>>,
     ast_paths: TypedArena<ast::Path>,
     dropless: DroplessArena,
@@ -1101,8 +1101,13 @@ impl<'a> ResolverArenas<'a> {
         no_implicit_prelude: bool,
         module_map: &mut FxHashMap<DefId, Module<'a>>,
     ) -> Module<'a> {
-        let module =
-            self.modules.alloc(ModuleData::new(parent, kind, expn_id, span, no_implicit_prelude));
+        let module = Module(Interned::new_unchecked(self.modules.alloc(ModuleData::new(
+            parent,
+            kind,
+            expn_id,
+            span,
+            no_implicit_prelude,
+        ))));
         let def_id = module.opt_def_id();
         if def_id.map_or(true, |def_id| def_id.is_local()) {
             self.local_modules.borrow_mut().push(module);
@@ -1115,11 +1120,11 @@ impl<'a> ResolverArenas<'a> {
     fn local_modules(&'a self) -> std::cell::Ref<'a, Vec<Module<'a>>> {
         self.local_modules.borrow()
     }
-    fn alloc_name_binding(&'a self, name_binding: NameBinding<'a>) -> &'a NameBinding<'a> {
-        self.dropless.alloc(name_binding)
+    fn alloc_name_binding(&'a self, name_binding: NameBindingData<'a>) -> NameBinding<'a> {
+        Interned::new_unchecked(self.dropless.alloc(name_binding))
     }
-    fn alloc_import(&'a self, import: Import<'a>) -> &'a Import<'_> {
-        self.imports.alloc(import)
+    fn alloc_import(&'a self, import: ImportData<'a>) -> Import<'a> {
+        Interned::new_unchecked(self.imports.alloc(import))
     }
     fn alloc_name_resolution(&'a self) -> &'a RefCell<NameResolution<'a>> {
         self.name_resolutions.alloc(Default::default())
@@ -1314,7 +1319,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             macro_expanded_macro_export_errors: BTreeSet::new(),
 
             arenas,
-            dummy_binding: arenas.alloc_name_binding(NameBinding {
+            dummy_binding: arenas.alloc_name_binding(NameBindingData {
                 kind: NameBindingKind::Res(Res::Err),
                 ambiguity: None,
                 expansion: LocalExpnId::ROOT,
@@ -1624,7 +1629,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                 self.maybe_unused_trait_imports.insert(def_id);
                 import_ids.push(def_id);
             }
-            self.add_to_glob_map(&import, trait_name);
+            self.add_to_glob_map(*import, trait_name);
             kind = &binding.kind;
         }
         import_ids
@@ -1646,7 +1651,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             module.populate_on_access.set(false);
             self.build_reduced_graph_external(module);
         }
-        &module.lazy_resolutions
+        &module.0.0.lazy_resolutions
     }
 
     fn resolution(
@@ -1679,12 +1684,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         false
     }
 
-    fn record_use(
-        &mut self,
-        ident: Ident,
-        used_binding: &'a NameBinding<'a>,
-        is_lexical_scope: bool,
-    ) {
+    fn record_use(&mut self, ident: Ident, used_binding: NameBinding<'a>, is_lexical_scope: bool) {
         if let Some((b2, kind)) = used_binding.ambiguity {
             let ambiguity_error = AmbiguityError {
                 kind,
@@ -1704,10 +1704,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             // but not introduce it, as used if they are accessed from lexical scope.
             if is_lexical_scope {
                 if let Some(entry) = self.extern_prelude.get(&ident.normalize_to_macros_2_0()) {
-                    if let Some(crate_item) = entry.extern_crate_item {
-                        if ptr::eq(used_binding, crate_item) && !entry.introduced_by_item {
-                            return;
-                        }
+                    if !entry.introduced_by_item && entry.extern_crate_item == Some(used_binding) {
+                        return;
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -1716,13 +1714,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             if let Some(id) = import.id() {
                 self.used_imports.insert(id);
             }
-            self.add_to_glob_map(&import, ident);
+            self.add_to_glob_map(import, ident);
             self.record_use(ident, binding, false);
         }
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn add_to_glob_map(&mut self, import: &Import<'_>, ident: Ident) {
+    fn add_to_glob_map(&mut self, import: Import<'_>, ident: Ident) {
         if let ImportKind::Glob { id, .. } = import.kind {
             let def_id = self.local_def_id(id);
             self.glob_map.entry(def_id).or_default().insert(ident.name);
@@ -1831,11 +1829,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         vis.is_accessible_from(module.nearest_parent_mod(), self.tcx)
     }
 
-    fn set_binding_parent_module(&mut self, binding: &'a NameBinding<'a>, module: Module<'a>) {
-        if let Some(old_module) =
-            self.binding_parent_modules.insert(Interned::new_unchecked(binding), module)
-        {
-            if !ptr::eq(module, old_module) {
+    fn set_binding_parent_module(&mut self, binding: NameBinding<'a>, module: Module<'a>) {
+        if let Some(old_module) = self.binding_parent_modules.insert(binding, module) {
+            if module != old_module {
                 span_bug!(binding.span, "parent module is reset for binding");
             }
         }
@@ -1843,25 +1839,25 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     fn disambiguate_macro_rules_vs_modularized(
         &self,
-        macro_rules: &'a NameBinding<'a>,
-        modularized: &'a NameBinding<'a>,
+        macro_rules: NameBinding<'a>,
+        modularized: NameBinding<'a>,
     ) -> bool {
         // Some non-controversial subset of ambiguities "modularized macro name" vs "macro_rules"
         // is disambiguated to mitigate regressions from macro modularization.
         // Scoping for `macro_rules` behaves like scoping for `let` at module level, in general.
         match (
-            self.binding_parent_modules.get(&Interned::new_unchecked(macro_rules)),
-            self.binding_parent_modules.get(&Interned::new_unchecked(modularized)),
+            self.binding_parent_modules.get(&macro_rules),
+            self.binding_parent_modules.get(&modularized),
         ) {
             (Some(macro_rules), Some(modularized)) => {
                 macro_rules.nearest_parent_mod() == modularized.nearest_parent_mod()
-                    && modularized.is_ancestor_of(macro_rules)
+                    && modularized.is_ancestor_of(*macro_rules)
             }
             _ => false,
         }
     }
 
-    fn extern_prelude_get(&mut self, ident: Ident, finalize: bool) -> Option<&'a NameBinding<'a>> {
+    fn extern_prelude_get(&mut self, ident: Ident, finalize: bool) -> Option<NameBinding<'a>> {
         if ident.is_path_segment_keyword() {
             // Make sure `self`, `super` etc produce an error when passed to here.
             return None;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs
index d33e8d40b6383..d16b7902f6069 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ type Res = def::Res<NodeId>;
 /// Not modularized, can shadow previous `macro_rules` bindings, etc.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct MacroRulesBinding<'a> {
-    pub(crate) binding: &'a NameBinding<'a>,
+    pub(crate) binding: NameBinding<'a>,
     /// `macro_rules` scope into which the `macro_rules` item was planted.
     pub(crate) parent_macro_rules_scope: MacroRulesScopeRef<'a>,
     pub(crate) ident: Ident,
@@ -870,7 +870,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     fn prohibit_imported_non_macro_attrs(
         &self,
-        binding: Option<&'a NameBinding<'a>>,
+        binding: Option<NameBinding<'a>>,
         res: Option<Res>,
         span: Span,
     ) {