Auto merge of #55045 - kleimkuhler:add-std-is_sorted, r=KodrAus

Add `is_sorted` to `Iterator` and `[T]`

This is an initial implementation for the first step of [RFC 2351](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/2351-is-sorted.md)

Tracking issue: #53485

Author: bors

Diff for: src/doc/unstable-book/src/library-features/is-sorted.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# `is_sorted`
+
+The tracking issue for this feature is: [#53485]
+
+[#53485]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/53485
+
+------------------------
+
+Add the methods `is_sorted`, `is_sorted_by` and `is_sorted_by_key` to `[T]`;
+add the methods `is_sorted`, `is_sorted_by` and `is_sorted_by_key` to
+`Iterator`.

Diff for: src/libcore/iter/iterator.rs

@@ -2605,6 +2605,95 @@ pub trait Iterator {
             }
         }
     }
+
+    /// Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted.
+    ///
+    /// That is, for each element `a` and its following element `b`, `a <= b` must hold. If the
+    /// iterator yields exactly zero or one element, `true` is returned.
+    ///
+    /// Note that if `Self::Item` is only `PartialOrd`, but not `Ord`, the above definition
+    /// implies that this function returns `false` if any two consecutive items are not
+    /// comparable.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// #![feature(is_sorted)]
+    ///
+    /// assert!([1, 2, 2, 9].iter().is_sorted());
+    /// assert!(![1, 3, 2, 4].iter().is_sorted());
+    /// assert!([0].iter().is_sorted());
+    /// assert!(std::iter::empty::<i32>().is_sorted());
+    /// assert!(![0.0, 1.0, std::f32::NAN].iter().is_sorted());
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[unstable(feature = "is_sorted", reason = "new API", issue = "53485")]
+    fn is_sorted(self) -> bool
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+        Self::Item: PartialOrd,
+    {
+        self.is_sorted_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b))
+    }
+
+    /// Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted using the given comparator function.
+    ///
+    /// Instead of using `PartialOrd::partial_cmp`, this function uses the given `compare`
+    /// function to determine the ordering of two elements. Apart from that, it's equivalent to
+    /// [`is_sorted`]; see its documentation for more information.
+    ///
+    /// [`is_sorted`]: trait.Iterator.html#method.is_sorted
+    #[unstable(feature = "is_sorted", reason = "new API", issue = "53485")]
+    fn is_sorted_by<F>(mut self, mut compare: F) -> bool
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+        F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Option<Ordering>
+    {
+        let mut last = match self.next() {
+            Some(e) => e,
+            None => return true,
+        };
+
+        while let Some(curr) = self.next() {
+            if compare(&last, &curr)
+                .map(|o| o == Ordering::Greater)
+                .unwrap_or(true)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            last = curr;
+        }
+
+        true
+    }
+
+    /// Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted using the given key extraction
+    /// function.
+    ///
+    /// Instead of comparing the iterator's elements directly, this function compares the keys of
+    /// the elements, as determined by `f`. Apart from that, it's equivalent to [`is_sorted`]; see
+    /// its documentation for more information.
+    ///
+    /// [`is_sorted`]: trait.Iterator.html#method.is_sorted
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// #![feature(is_sorted)]
+    ///
+    /// assert!(["c", "bb", "aaa"].iter().is_sorted_by_key(|s| s.len()));
+    /// assert!(![-2i32, -1, 0, 3].iter().is_sorted_by_key(|n| n.abs()));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[unstable(feature = "is_sorted", reason = "new API", issue = "53485")]
+    fn is_sorted_by_key<F, K>(self, mut f: F) -> bool
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+        F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K,
+        K: PartialOrd
+    {
+        self.is_sorted_by(|a, b| f(a).partial_cmp(&f(b)))
+    }
 }
 
 /// Select an element from an iterator based on the given "projection"

Diff for: src/libcore/lib.rs

@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@
 #![feature(extern_types)]
 #![feature(fundamental)]
 #![feature(intrinsics)]
+#![feature(is_sorted)]
 #![feature(iter_once_with)]
 #![feature(lang_items)]
 #![feature(link_llvm_intrinsics)]

Diff for: src/libcore/slice/mod.rs

@@ -1783,7 +1783,7 @@ impl<T> [T] {
     /// let mut a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'];
     /// a[1..5].rotate_left(1);
     /// assert_eq!(a, ['a', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'b', 'f']);
-   /// ```
+    /// ```
     #[stable(feature = "slice_rotate", since = "1.26.0")]
     pub fn rotate_left(&mut self, mid: usize) {
         assert!(mid <= self.len());
@@ -2250,6 +2250,77 @@ impl<T> [T] {
              from_raw_parts_mut(mut_ptr.add(rest.len() - ts_len), ts_len))
         }
     }
+
+    /// Checks if the elements of this slice are sorted.
+    ///
+    /// That is, for each element `a` and its following element `b`, `a <= b` must hold. If the
+    /// slice yields exactly zero or one element, `true` is returned.
+    ///
+    /// Note that if `Self::Item` is only `PartialOrd`, but not `Ord`, the above definition
+    /// implies that this function returns `false` if any two consecutive items are not
+    /// comparable.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// #![feature(is_sorted)]
+    /// let empty: [i32; 0] = [];
+    ///
+    /// assert!([1, 2, 2, 9].is_sorted());
+    /// assert!(![1, 3, 2, 4].is_sorted());
+    /// assert!([0].is_sorted());
+    /// assert!(empty.is_sorted());
+    /// assert!(![0.0, 1.0, std::f32::NAN].is_sorted());
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[unstable(feature = "is_sorted", reason = "new API", issue = "53485")]
+    pub fn is_sorted(&self) -> bool
+    where
+        T: PartialOrd,
+    {
+        self.is_sorted_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b))
+    }
+
+    /// Checks if the elements of this slice are sorted using the given comparator function.
+    ///
+    /// Instead of using `PartialOrd::partial_cmp`, this function uses the given `compare`
+    /// function to determine the ordering of two elements. Apart from that, it's equivalent to
+    /// [`is_sorted`]; see its documentation for more information.
+    ///
+    /// [`is_sorted`]: #method.is_sorted
+    #[unstable(feature = "is_sorted", reason = "new API", issue = "53485")]
+    pub fn is_sorted_by<F>(&self, mut compare: F) -> bool
+    where
+        F: FnMut(&T, &T) -> Option<Ordering>
+    {
+        self.iter().is_sorted_by(|a, b| compare(*a, *b))
+    }
+
+    /// Checks if the elements of this slice are sorted using the given key extraction function.
+    ///
+    /// Instead of comparing the slice's elements directly, this function compares the keys of the
+    /// elements, as determined by `f`. Apart from that, it's equivalent to [`is_sorted`]; see its
+    /// documentation for more information.
+    ///
+    /// [`is_sorted`]: #method.is_sorted
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// #![feature(is_sorted)]
+    ///
+    /// assert!(["c", "bb", "aaa"].is_sorted_by_key(|s| s.len()));
+    /// assert!(![-2i32, -1, 0, 3].is_sorted_by_key(|n| n.abs()));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[unstable(feature = "is_sorted", reason = "new API", issue = "53485")]
+    pub fn is_sorted_by_key<F, K>(&self, mut f: F) -> bool
+    where
+        F: FnMut(&T) -> K,
+        K: PartialOrd
+    {
+        self.is_sorted_by(|a, b| f(a).partial_cmp(&f(b)))
+    }
 }
 
 #[lang = "slice_u8"]
@@ -2773,7 +2844,13 @@ macro_rules! len {
 
 // The shared definition of the `Iter` and `IterMut` iterators
 macro_rules! iterator {
-    (struct $name:ident -> $ptr:ty, $elem:ty, $raw_mut:tt, $( $mut_:tt )*) => {
+    (
+        struct $name:ident -> $ptr:ty,
+        $elem:ty,
+        $raw_mut:tt,
+        {$( $mut_:tt )*},
+        {$($extra:tt)*}
+    ) => {
         impl<'a, T> $name<'a, T> {
             // Helper function for creating a slice from the iterator.
             #[inline(always)]
@@ -2950,6 +3027,8 @@ macro_rules! iterator {
                         i
                     })
             }
+
+            $($extra)*
         }
 
         #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
@@ -3087,7 +3166,17 @@ impl<'a, T> Iter<'a, T> {
     }
 }
 
-iterator!{struct Iter -> *const T, &'a T, const, /* no mut */}
+iterator!{struct Iter -> *const T, &'a T, const, {/* no mut */}, {
+    fn is_sorted_by<F>(self, mut compare: F) -> bool
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+        F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Option<Ordering>,
+    {
+        self.as_slice().windows(2).all(|w| {
+            compare(&&w[0], &&w[1]).map(|o| o != Ordering::Greater).unwrap_or(false)
+        })
+    }
+}}
 
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<T> Clone for Iter<'_, T> {
@@ -3188,7 +3277,7 @@ impl<'a, T> IterMut<'a, T> {
     }
 }
 
-iterator!{struct IterMut -> *mut T, &'a mut T, mut, mut}
+iterator!{struct IterMut -> *mut T, &'a mut T, mut, {mut}, {}}
 
 /// An internal abstraction over the splitting iterators, so that
 /// splitn, splitn_mut etc can be implemented once.

Diff for: src/libcore/tests/iter.rs

@@ -2235,3 +2235,16 @@ fn test_monad_laws_associativity() {
     assert_eq!((0..10).flat_map(f).flat_map(g).sum::<usize>(),
                 (0..10).flat_map(|x| f(x).flat_map(g)).sum::<usize>());
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_is_sorted() {
+    assert!([1, 2, 2, 9].iter().is_sorted());
+    assert!(![1, 3, 2].iter().is_sorted());
+    assert!([0].iter().is_sorted());
+    assert!(std::iter::empty::<i32>().is_sorted());
+    assert!(![0.0, 1.0, std::f32::NAN].iter().is_sorted());
+    assert!([-2, -1, 0, 3].iter().is_sorted());
+    assert!(![-2i32, -1, 0, 3].iter().is_sorted_by_key(|n| n.abs()));
+    assert!(!["c", "bb", "aaa"].iter().is_sorted());
+    assert!(["c", "bb", "aaa"].iter().is_sorted_by_key(|s| s.len()));
+}

Diff for: src/libcore/tests/lib.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #![feature(flt2dec)]
 #![feature(fmt_internals)]
 #![feature(hashmap_internals)]
+#![feature(is_sorted)]
 #![feature(iter_copied)]
 #![feature(iter_nth_back)]
 #![feature(iter_once_with)]

Diff for: src/libcore/tests/slice.rs

@@ -1317,3 +1317,18 @@ fn test_copy_within_panics_src_inverted() {
     // 2 is greater than 1, so this range is invalid.
     bytes.copy_within(2..1, 0);
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_is_sorted() {
+    let empty: [i32; 0] = [];
+
+    assert!([1, 2, 2, 9].is_sorted());
+    assert!(![1, 3, 2].is_sorted());
+    assert!([0].is_sorted());
+    assert!(empty.is_sorted());
+    assert!(![0.0, 1.0, std::f32::NAN].is_sorted());
+    assert!([-2, -1, 0, 3].is_sorted());
+    assert!(![-2i32, -1, 0, 3].is_sorted_by_key(|n| n.abs()));
+    assert!(!["c", "bb", "aaa"].is_sorted());
+    assert!(["c", "bb", "aaa"].is_sorted_by_key(|s| s.len()));
+}

Diff for: src/test/ui/feature-gates/feature-gate-is_sorted.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+fn main() {
+    // Assert `Iterator` methods are feature gated
+    assert!([1, 2, 2, 9].iter().is_sorted());
+    //~^ ERROR: use of unstable library feature 'is_sorted': new API
+    assert!(![-2i32, -1, 0, 3].iter().is_sorted_by_key(|n| n.abs()));
+    //~^ ERROR: use of unstable library feature 'is_sorted': new API
+
+    // Assert `[T]` methods are feature gated
+    assert!([1, 2, 2, 9].is_sorted());
+    //~^ ERROR: use of unstable library feature 'is_sorted': new API
+    assert!(![-2i32, -1, 0, 3].is_sorted_by_key(|n| n.abs()));
+    //~^ ERROR: use of unstable library feature 'is_sorted': new API
+}

Diff for: src/test/ui/feature-gates/feature-gate-is_sorted.stderr

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+error[E0658]: use of unstable library feature 'is_sorted': new API (see issue #53485)
+  --> $DIR/feature-gate-is_sorted.rs:3:33
+   |
+LL |     assert!([1, 2, 2, 9].iter().is_sorted());
+   |                                 ^^^^^^^^^
+   |
+   = help: add #![feature(is_sorted)] to the crate attributes to enable
+
+error[E0658]: use of unstable library feature 'is_sorted': new API (see issue #53485)
+  --> $DIR/feature-gate-is_sorted.rs:5:39
+   |
+LL |     assert!(![-2i32, -1, 0, 3].iter().is_sorted_by_key(|n| n.abs()));
+   |                                       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+   |
+   = help: add #![feature(is_sorted)] to the crate attributes to enable
+
+error[E0658]: use of unstable library feature 'is_sorted': new API (see issue #53485)
+  --> $DIR/feature-gate-is_sorted.rs:9:26
+   |
+LL |     assert!([1, 2, 2, 9].is_sorted());
+   |                          ^^^^^^^^^
+   |
+   = help: add #![feature(is_sorted)] to the crate attributes to enable
+
+error[E0658]: use of unstable library feature 'is_sorted': new API (see issue #53485)
+  --> $DIR/feature-gate-is_sorted.rs:11:32
+   |
+LL |     assert!(![-2i32, -1, 0, 3].is_sorted_by_key(|n| n.abs()));
+   |                                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+   |
+   = help: add #![feature(is_sorted)] to the crate attributes to enable
+
+error: aborting due to 4 previous errors
+
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0658`.