Fix checking transmutes with adjusted types

Author: Jarcho

clippy_lints/src/transmute/mod.rs

@@ -415,7 +415,8 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for Transmute {
                 // And see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/51911 for dereferencing raw pointers.
                 let const_context = in_constant(cx, e.hir_id);
 
-                let from_ty = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(arg);
+                let from_ty = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty_adjusted(arg);
+                // Adjustments for `to_ty` happen after the call to `transmute`, so don't use them.
                 let to_ty = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(e);
 
                 // If useless_transmute is triggered, the other lints can be skipped.

tests/ui/transmute_undefined_repr.rs

@@ -106,5 +106,7 @@ fn main() {
 
         let _: MaybeUninit<Ty2<u32, u32>> = transmute(value::<Ty2<u32, u32>>()); // Ok
         let _: Ty2<u32, u32> = transmute(value::<MaybeUninit<Ty2<u32, u32>>>()); // Ok
+
+        let _: Ty<&[u32]> = transmute::<&[u32], _>(value::<&Vec<u32>>()); // Ok
     }
 }

tests/ui/transmutes_expressible_as_ptr_casts.stderr

@@ -34,13 +34,13 @@ error: transmute from a reference to a pointer
 LL |     let _array_ptr_transmute = unsafe { transmute::<&[i32; 4], *const [i32; 4]>(array_ref) };
    |                                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: try: `array_ref as *const [i32; 4]`
 
-error: transmute from `fn(usize) -> u8 {main::foo}` to `*const usize` which could be expressed as a pointer cast instead
+error: transmute from `fn(usize) -> u8` to `*const usize` which could be expressed as a pointer cast instead
   --> $DIR/transmutes_expressible_as_ptr_casts.rs:48:41
    |
 LL |     let _usize_ptr_transmute = unsafe { transmute::<fn(usize) -> u8, *const usize>(foo) };
    |                                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: try: `foo as *const usize`
 
-error: transmute from `fn(usize) -> u8 {main::foo}` to `usize` which could be expressed as a pointer cast instead
+error: transmute from `fn(usize) -> u8` to `usize` which could be expressed as a pointer cast instead
   --> $DIR/transmutes_expressible_as_ptr_casts.rs:52:49
    |
 LL |     let _usize_from_fn_ptr_transmute = unsafe { transmute::<fn(usize) -> u8, usize>(foo) };