Auto merge of #112686 - estebank:sealed-traits, r=petrochenkov

Account for sealed traits in privacy and trait bound errors

On trait bound errors caused by super-traits, identify if the super-trait is publicly accessibly and if not, explain "sealed traits".

```
error[E0277]: the trait bound `S: Hidden` is not satisfied
  --> $DIR/sealed-trait-local.rs:17:20
   |
LL | impl a::Sealed for S {}
   |                    ^ the trait `Hidden` is not implemented for `S`
   |
note: required by a bound in `Sealed`
  --> $DIR/sealed-trait-local.rs:3:23
   |
LL |     pub trait Sealed: self::b::Hidden {
   |                       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ required by this bound in `Sealed`
   = note: `Sealed` is a "sealed trait", because to implement it you also need to implelement `a::b::Hidden`, which is not accessible; this is usually done to force you to use one of the provided types that already implement it
```

Deduplicate privacy errors that point to the same path segment even if their deduplication span are different.

When encountering a path that is not reachable due to privacy constraints path segments other than the last, keep metadata for the last path segment's `Res` in order to look for alternative import paths for that item to suggest. If there are none, be explicit that the item is not accessible.

```
error[E0603]: module `b` is private
  --> $DIR/re-exported-trait.rs:11:9
   |
LL | impl a::b::Trait for S {}
   |         ^ private module
   |
note: the module `b` is defined here
  --> $DIR/re-exported-trait.rs:5:5
   |
LL |     mod b {
   |     ^^^^^
help: consider importing this trait through its public re-export instead
   |
LL | impl a::Trait for S {}
   |      ~~~~~~~~
```

```
error[E0603]: module `b` is private
  --> $DIR/private-trait.rs:8:9
   |
LL | impl a::b::Hidden for S {}
   |         ^  ------ trait `b` is not publicly reachable
   |         |
   |         private module
   |
note: the module `b` is defined here
  --> $DIR/private-trait.rs:2:5
   |
LL |     mod b {
   |     ^^^^^
```

Author: bors

Diff for: compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs

@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ pub(crate) struct ImportSuggestion {
     pub descr: &'static str,
     pub path: Path,
     pub accessible: bool,
+    pub via_import: bool,
     /// An extra note that should be issued if this item is suggested
     pub note: Option<String>,
 }
@@ -140,9 +141,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         }
 
         let mut reported_spans = FxHashSet::default();
-        for error in &self.privacy_errors {
+        for error in std::mem::take(&mut self.privacy_errors) {
             if reported_spans.insert(error.dedup_span) {
-                self.report_privacy_error(error);
+                self.report_privacy_error(&error);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1256,6 +1257,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                                 path,
                                 accessible: child_accessible,
                                 note,
+                                via_import,
                             });
                         }
                     }
@@ -1609,8 +1611,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         None
     }
 
-    fn report_privacy_error(&self, privacy_error: &PrivacyError<'_>) {
-        let PrivacyError { ident, binding, .. } = *privacy_error;
+    fn report_privacy_error(&mut self, privacy_error: &PrivacyError<'a>) {
+        let PrivacyError { ident, binding, outermost_res, parent_scope, dedup_span } =
+            *privacy_error;
 
         let res = binding.res();
         let ctor_fields_span = self.ctor_fields_span(binding);
@@ -1627,6 +1630,33 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             struct_span_err!(self.tcx.sess, ident.span, E0603, "{} `{}` is private", descr, ident);
         err.span_label(ident.span, format!("private {}", descr));
 
+        if let Some((this_res, outer_ident)) = outermost_res {
+            let import_suggestions = self.lookup_import_candidates(
+                outer_ident,
+                this_res.ns().unwrap_or(Namespace::TypeNS),
+                &parent_scope,
+                &|res: Res| res == this_res,
+            );
+            let point_to_def = !show_candidates(
+                self.tcx,
+                &mut err,
+                Some(dedup_span.until(outer_ident.span.shrink_to_hi())),
+                &import_suggestions,
+                Instead::Yes,
+                FoundUse::Yes,
+                DiagnosticMode::Import,
+                vec![],
+                "",
+            );
+            // If we suggest importing a public re-export, don't point at the definition.
+            if point_to_def && ident.span != outer_ident.span {
+                err.span_label(
+                    outer_ident.span,
+                    format!("{} `{outer_ident}` is not publicly re-exported", this_res.descr()),
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
         let mut non_exhaustive = None;
         // If an ADT is foreign and marked as `non_exhaustive`, then that's
         // probably why we have the privacy error.
@@ -2455,7 +2485,8 @@ pub(crate) fn import_candidates(
 
 /// When an entity with a given name is not available in scope, we search for
 /// entities with that name in all crates. This method allows outputting the
-/// results of this search in a programmer-friendly way
+/// results of this search in a programmer-friendly way. If any entities are
+/// found and suggested, returns `true`, otherwise returns `false`.
 fn show_candidates(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
     err: &mut Diagnostic,
@@ -2467,19 +2498,19 @@ fn show_candidates(
     mode: DiagnosticMode,
     path: Vec<Segment>,
     append: &str,
-) {
+) -> bool {
     if candidates.is_empty() {
-        return;
+        return false;
     }
 
-    let mut accessible_path_strings: Vec<(String, &str, Option<DefId>, &Option<String>)> =
+    let mut accessible_path_strings: Vec<(String, &str, Option<DefId>, &Option<String>, bool)> =
         Vec::new();
-    let mut inaccessible_path_strings: Vec<(String, &str, Option<DefId>, &Option<String>)> =
+    let mut inaccessible_path_strings: Vec<(String, &str, Option<DefId>, &Option<String>, bool)> =
         Vec::new();
 
     candidates.iter().for_each(|c| {
         (if c.accessible { &mut accessible_path_strings } else { &mut inaccessible_path_strings })
-            .push((path_names_to_string(&c.path), c.descr, c.did, &c.note))
+            .push((path_names_to_string(&c.path), c.descr, c.did, &c.note, c.via_import))
     });
 
     // we want consistent results across executions, but candidates are produced
@@ -2493,20 +2524,25 @@ fn show_candidates(
     }
 
     if !accessible_path_strings.is_empty() {
-        let (determiner, kind, name) = if accessible_path_strings.len() == 1 {
-            ("this", accessible_path_strings[0].1, format!(" `{}`", accessible_path_strings[0].0))
-        } else {
-            ("one of these", "items", String::new())
-        };
+        let (determiner, kind, name, through) =
+            if let [(name, descr, _, _, via_import)] = &accessible_path_strings[..] {
+                (
+                    "this",
+                    *descr,
+                    format!(" `{name}`"),
+                    if *via_import { " through its public re-export" } else { "" },
+                )
+            } else {
+                ("one of these", "items", String::new(), "")
+            };
 
         let instead = if let Instead::Yes = instead { " instead" } else { "" };
         let mut msg = if let DiagnosticMode::Pattern = mode {
             format!(
-                "if you meant to match on {}{}{}, use the full path in the pattern",
-                kind, instead, name
+                "if you meant to match on {kind}{instead}{name}, use the full path in the pattern",
             )
         } else {
-            format!("consider importing {} {}{}", determiner, kind, instead)
+            format!("consider importing {determiner} {kind}{through}{instead}")
         };
 
         for note in accessible_path_strings.iter().flat_map(|cand| cand.3.as_ref()) {
@@ -2522,7 +2558,7 @@ fn show_candidates(
                         accessible_path_strings.into_iter().map(|a| a.0),
                         Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
                     );
-                    return;
+                    return true;
                 }
                 DiagnosticMode::Import => ("", ""),
                 DiagnosticMode::Normal => ("use ", ";\n"),
@@ -2563,6 +2599,7 @@ fn show_candidates(
 
             err.help(msg);
         }
+        true
     } else if !matches!(mode, DiagnosticMode::Import) {
         assert!(!inaccessible_path_strings.is_empty());
 
@@ -2571,13 +2608,9 @@ fn show_candidates(
         } else {
             ""
         };
-        if inaccessible_path_strings.len() == 1 {
-            let (name, descr, def_id, note) = &inaccessible_path_strings[0];
+        if let [(name, descr, def_id, note, _)] = &inaccessible_path_strings[..] {
             let msg = format!(
-                "{}{} `{}`{} exists but is inaccessible",
-                prefix,
-                descr,
-                name,
+                "{prefix}{descr} `{name}`{} exists but is inaccessible",
                 if let DiagnosticMode::Pattern = mode { ", which" } else { "" }
             );
 
@@ -2594,11 +2627,11 @@ fn show_candidates(
                 err.note(note.to_string());
             }
         } else {
-            let (_, descr_first, _, _) = &inaccessible_path_strings[0];
+            let (_, descr_first, _, _, _) = &inaccessible_path_strings[0];
             let descr = if inaccessible_path_strings
                 .iter()
                 .skip(1)
-                .all(|(_, descr, _, _)| descr == descr_first)
+                .all(|(_, descr, _, _, _)| descr == descr_first)
             {
                 descr_first
             } else {
@@ -2611,7 +2644,7 @@ fn show_candidates(
             let mut has_colon = false;
 
             let mut spans = Vec::new();
-            for (name, _, def_id, _) in &inaccessible_path_strings {
+            for (name, _, def_id, _, _) in &inaccessible_path_strings {
                 if let Some(local_def_id) = def_id.and_then(|did| did.as_local()) {
                     let span = tcx.source_span(local_def_id);
                     let span = tcx.sess.source_map().guess_head_span(span);
@@ -2637,6 +2670,9 @@ fn show_candidates(
 
             err.span_note(multi_span, msg);
         }
+        true
+    } else {
+        false
     }
 }
 

Diff for: compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs

@@ -893,6 +893,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                         ident,
                         binding,
                         dedup_span: path_span,
+                        outermost_res: None,
+                        parent_scope: *parent_scope,
                     });
                 } else {
                     return Err((Determined, Weak::No));
@@ -1369,6 +1371,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         let mut allow_super = true;
         let mut second_binding = None;
 
+        // We'll provide more context to the privacy errors later, up to `len`.
+        let privacy_errors_len = self.privacy_errors.len();
+
         for (segment_idx, &Segment { ident, id, .. }) in path.iter().enumerate() {
             debug!("resolve_path ident {} {:?} {:?}", segment_idx, ident, id);
             let record_segment_res = |this: &mut Self, res| {
@@ -1506,6 +1511,14 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                         second_binding = Some(binding);
                     }
                     let res = binding.res();
+
+                    // Mark every privacy error in this path with the res to the last element. This allows us
+                    // to detect the item the user cares about and either find an alternative import, or tell
+                    // the user it is not accessible.
+                    for error in &mut self.privacy_errors[privacy_errors_len..] {
+                        error.outermost_res = Some((res, ident));
+                    }
+
                     let maybe_assoc = opt_ns != Some(MacroNS) && PathSource::Type.is_expected(res);
                     if let Some(next_module) = binding.module() {
                         module = Some(ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(next_module));

Diff for: compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs

@@ -792,6 +792,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         };
         let prev_ambiguity_errors_len = self.ambiguity_errors.len();
         let finalize = Finalize::with_root_span(import.root_id, import.span, import.root_span);
+
+        // We'll provide more context to the privacy errors later, up to `len`.
+        let privacy_errors_len = self.privacy_errors.len();
+
         let path_res = self.resolve_path(
             &import.module_path,
             None,
@@ -931,6 +935,21 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             };
 
+        if self.privacy_errors.len() != privacy_errors_len {
+            // Get the Res for the last element, so that we can point to alternative ways of
+            // importing it if available.
+            let mut path = import.module_path.clone();
+            path.push(Segment::from_ident(ident));
+            if let PathResult::Module(ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(module)) =
+                self.resolve_path(&path, None, &import.parent_scope, Some(finalize), ignore_binding)
+            {
+                let res = module.res().map(|r| (r, ident));
+                for error in &mut self.privacy_errors[privacy_errors_len..] {
+                    error.outermost_res = res;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         let mut all_ns_err = true;
         self.per_ns(|this, ns| {
             if !type_ns_only || ns == TypeNS {

Diff for: compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs

@@ -1831,6 +1831,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast, 'tcx> {
                                 path,
                                 accessible: true,
                                 note: None,
+                                via_import: false,
                             },
                         ));
                     } else {

Diff for: compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs

@@ -689,10 +689,13 @@ impl<'a> NameBindingKind<'a> {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
 struct PrivacyError<'a> {
     ident: Ident,
     binding: &'a NameBinding<'a>,
     dedup_span: Span,
+    outermost_res: Option<(Res, Ident)>,
+    parent_scope: ParentScope<'a>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]

Diff for: compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs

@@ -2724,6 +2724,32 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     let msg = format!("required by this bound in `{short_item_name}`");
                     multispan.push_span_label(span, msg);
                     err.span_note(multispan, descr);
+                    if let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(clause) = predicate.kind().skip_binder()
+                        && let ty::ClauseKind::Trait(trait_pred) = clause
+                    {
+                        let def_id = trait_pred.def_id();
+                        let visible_item = if let Some(local) = def_id.as_local() {
+                            // Check for local traits being reachable.
+                            let vis = &self.tcx.resolutions(()).effective_visibilities;
+                            // Account for non-`pub` traits in the root of the local crate.
+                            let is_locally_reachable = self.tcx.parent(def_id).is_crate_root();
+                            vis.is_reachable(local) || is_locally_reachable
+                        } else {
+                            // Check for foreign traits being reachable.
+                            self.tcx.visible_parent_map(()).get(&def_id).is_some()
+                        };
+                        if let DefKind::Trait = tcx.def_kind(item_def_id) && !visible_item {
+                            // FIXME(estebank): extend this to search for all the types that do
+                            // implement this trait and list them.
+                            err.note(format!(
+                                "`{short_item_name}` is a \"sealed trait\", because to implement \
+                                 it you also need to implelement `{}`, which is not accessible; \
+                                 this is usually done to force you to use one of the provided \
+                                 types that already implement it",
+                                with_no_trimmed_paths!(tcx.def_path_str(def_id)),
+                            ));
+                        }
+                    }
                 } else {
                     err.span_note(tcx.def_span(item_def_id), descr);
                 }

Diff for: tests/ui/extern/extern-crate-visibility.stderr

@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ note: the crate import `core` is defined here
    |
 LL |     extern crate core;
    |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+help: consider importing this module instead
+   |
+LL | use std::cell;
+   |     ~~~~~~~~~
 
 error[E0603]: crate import `core` is private
   --> $DIR/extern-crate-visibility.rs:9:10
@@ -21,6 +25,10 @@ note: the crate import `core` is defined here
    |
 LL |     extern crate core;
    |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+help: consider importing this struct instead
+   |
+LL |     std::cell::Cell::new(0);
+   |     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 error: aborting due to 2 previous errors
 

Diff for: tests/ui/issues/issue-11680.stderr

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ error[E0603]: enum `Foo` is private
   --> $DIR/issue-11680.rs:6:21
    |
 LL |     let _b = other::Foo::Bar(1);
-   |                     ^^^ private enum
+   |                     ^^^  --- tuple variant `Bar` is not publicly re-exported
+   |                     |
+   |                     private enum
    |
 note: the enum `Foo` is defined here
   --> $DIR/auxiliary/issue-11680.rs:1:1
@@ -14,7 +16,9 @@ error[E0603]: enum `Foo` is private
   --> $DIR/issue-11680.rs:9:27
    |
 LL |     let _b = other::test::Foo::Bar(1);
-   |                           ^^^ private enum
+   |                           ^^^  --- tuple variant `Bar` is not publicly re-exported
+   |                           |
+   |                           private enum
    |
 note: the enum `Foo` is defined here
   --> $DIR/auxiliary/issue-11680.rs:6:5

Diff for: tests/ui/macros/issue-88228.stderr

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ error: cannot find macro `bla` in this scope
 LL |     bla!();
    |     ^^^
    |
-help: consider importing this macro
+help: consider importing this macro through its public re-export
    |
 LL + use crate::hey::bla;
    |
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ error: cannot find derive macro `Bla` in this scope
 LL | #[derive(Bla)]
    |          ^^^
    |
-help: consider importing this derive macro
+help: consider importing this derive macro through its public re-export
    |
 LL + use crate::hey::Bla;
    |